Suchergebnisse

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan's four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly attained and appropriate lessons are learned, PAIMAN has developed a monitoring and evaluation plan, which includes the establishment of baseline measures for a set of indicators that will be used to evaluate the success of the project. This baseline report explores the level of knowledge of, as well as the attitudes and behaviors toward, maternal and newborn health in DG Khan district.

The socio-economic databases in Pakistan, as in most
countries, can be classified into three broad categories, namely
registration-based statistics, data produced by different population
censuses and household survey-based data. The registration system of
births and deaths in Pakistan has historically been inadequate [Afzal
and Ahmed (1974)] and the population censuses have not been carried out
regularly. The household surveys such as Pakistan Demographic Survey
(PDS), Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Household Income Expenditure Survey
(HIES) have been periodically conducted since the 1960s. These surveys
have filled the data gaps created by the weak registration system and
the irregularity in conducting censuses. The data generated by the
household surveys have also enabled social scientists to examine a wide
range of issues, including natural increase in population, education,
employment, poverty, health, nutrition, and housing. All these surveys
are, however, cross-sectional in nature so it is not possible to gauge
the dynamics of these social and economic processes, for example the
transition from school to labour market, movement into or out of
poverty, movement of labour from one state of employment to another. A
proper understanding of such dynamics requires longitudinal or panel
datasets where the same households are visited over time. Since panel
surveys are complex and expensive to carry out, they are not as commonly
conducted as the cross-sectional surveys anywhere in the world and in
Pakistan they are even rarer

This study tests the prediction that a corrupt government reduces ethical behavior among its citizens. We integrate a standard "cheating" experiment into a broad household survey and find clear support for this prediction: respondents who perceive corruption in state affairs are more likely to cheat. Interestingly, there is a small group of non-conformers. The main relation is robust to consideration of many (largely insignificant) socio-demographic control variables. Attendance of others at the cheating experiment, thus stimulating the reputational concern to be seen as honest, reduces cheating. Again, this does not diminish the predictive role of corruption.

Pakistan over the years, since its independence in 1947, had a
rather erratic growth profile but on average GDP growth rate hovered
around 5 percent per annum with per capita income growth ranging between
2 to 3 percent. The structure of the economy graduated from being
predominantly agriculture in 1950s to being service sector orientated
since the turn of the century. The manufacturing sector grew from almost
insignificance in 1947 to a reasonable level accounting for around one
third of the GDP. The demographic inertia associated with unchecked
population growth and emergence of job opportunities in urban areas led
to massive rural to urban migration, which resulted in a rather high
level of urbanisation. Concomitant changes in both the urban and rural
labour markets are visible too. Not only did average years of schooling
of the labour force rise but also changes in occupational classification
suggest a relative rise

Die Verfasser informieren über eine Vielzahl aktueller Initiativen und Untersuchungen in Bezug auf Antwortverweigerung bei Haushaltsbefragungen (Querschnitt und Längsschnitt), die von Statistics Canada durchgeführt wurden. Zu den behandelten Untersuchungen zählen der Labour Force Survey (LFS) und die auf dem LFS basierenden weiteren Untersuchungen, der General Social Survey und mehrere gesondert durchgeführte Haushaltsbefragungen. Die Verfasser fragen nach Determinanten der Teilnahmebereitschaft sowie nach Möglichkeiten, positiv auf diese einzuwirken. Sie stellen zudem Techniken zur Auswahlfehlerkorrektur vor. (ICEÜbers)