Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes the pension reform implemented in Russia in 2013–2014, provides the modeling of possible pensions, determines the efficiency boundaries for the use of insurance and savings-insurance schemes offered by the Pension Fund of Russia. The author examines the activities and effectiveness in managing pension savings and reserves from non-state pension funds, especially the system of voluntary savings insurance. The study identifies the challenges faced by these financial institutions, which constrain the development of the Russian pension system. Drawing on logical and econometric analysis the author identifies the competitive opportunity for banks to participate in the Pension Benefits Act, calculates the proposals' efficiency for future retirees and the banking system as a whole, determines the contribution of the proposed solutions to enhanced competition and more competitive banking environment.

Occurrence of ethical problem is forced them in research of total institutions by character. It belongs to biggest ethical problems in case of total institution in the course of research: - protection privacy respondent and at publication of result in accordance with staff; - behavior neutrality equal as well as subordinates; - disclosure secret environmental. Concentration on variable, which limit subjectivism of collected data has in research of total institutions in forceful winning objective data about functioning in accordance with society of reality ethical dilemmas meaning this exclusive not increasing simultaneously.

The increasing complexity of the social world forces transformations within public policies, which are trying to adapt to the dynamically changing reality. The implementation of new management techniques in line with the model of metagovernance appears to be a common formula of such adaptation. The model involves complementing the existing management models with horizontal networks of public policy stakeholders as well as establishing the policy regarding three principles - of the required diversity, required reflexivity, and ironic attitude. Public cultural institutions that serve the role of framework institutions support the implementation of new management techniques, primarily by means of creating new and supporting existing networks of cultural policy stakeholders. The description of the institution is based on in-dept-interviews with individuals involved in the creation of public policy in the area of culture pursued in the second half of 2018.

Galleys as the closed/ total institution, is regarding the whereabouts of the certain number of people isolated for a long stretch from the rest of society, remaining in the similar situation, of which the behaviour is under almost the total control of the staff of this institution. In the period of the antiquity slaves were the basic driving force of galleys but their fate resulted from the social status. In the period of the Middle Ages, galley slaves, called in Italian galeotti, they were free people, and their profession enjoyed the respect. Above all in France they have more and more often started with the 15th century to use galleys as the place of serving a penalty of imprisonment. This situation lasted to the mass scale till the XVIII century second-half, leaving in the social awareness stereotype of the galley slave.

Religious institutions are kind integral areas, in which spatial complex is subordinated to social complexes. Intellectuals as order of society owns big influence as idea on forming integral area relatively and as realities. Total institutions are invariable kind of integral area from many year. Sacral area is not enclave from social conditionality excluded entirely, can be treated independently on social context. Modern sacral buildings refer to trends of modern architecture frequently more, separateness of sacral area in smallest degree underlining, on symbolic pronunciation more putting.

In this article, the authors review and analyze the features of functioning and development of a new financial market segment - the cryptocurrency market or electronic cash (specific digital assets). At present, the cryptocurrency segment (and digital financial assets at large) cannot be recognized as a formal institution, since there is no legal framework in this area, and informal interaction regarding the creation and circulation of cryptocurrencies is not an established social and financial-economic phenomenon. The analytic comparison using discount methods allows to a certain extent to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of e-cash issuance from the viewpoint of physical persons. The authors identify the main directions in institutionalizing the cryptocurrency segment of the financial sector of the national economy and substantiate the need for legal recognition of cryptocurrencies in the status of digital goods, which in turn involves the need to improve the Russian Federation legal framework.

House of social welfare is a place, people live in which from different respects in families strip capability of life. Determination of house of social equipment functioned as a closed total institution in sociology , which is place of stay of number of certain person isolated on longest period from the rest of society. Each self-governed unit leading stationary institution of social welfare should process program of serviceman of gradual liquidation or limitation of meaning of physical barrier and symbolic barrier on direct enclosing this institution.

The objective of the study was to identify the design patterns and distinctive features of the institution of complicity in a crime in certain criminal laws. The methodology was based on the use of legislative interpretation operations and techniques such as the hermeneutics of criminal texts, which allows to identify the structural, constructive, and substantive features of the rules on complicity in a crime. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the textological approach of the criminal-legal regulations of the institution of complicity. This approach allows to interpret the standards in a comparative aspect, taking into account the deep level of their construction. Among the results obtained are:(1) the inclusion of complicity rules in other criminal law institutions is an unjustified design technique; (2) the absence of a complex of titles in the institution of complicity reduces the level of quality of this institution; (3) the presence of definitive rules in the institution of complicity significantly increases its quality; (4) the differentiation of accomplices in crime should not be excessive and arbitrary; (5) the rules on attempted complicity in a crime increase the preventive potential of criminal law.

Favela is a place in the social space which is generating amongst their residents staying features typical of persons in total institutions. In Polish reality are functionings three favel's kinds - post- PGR housing estates, high-rise block housing estates, workers' districts and the poor districts. Living people in favelas can't see the link between the hard work and the internal development. Such people usually want achieve socially not having accepted cells of accepted socially agents of their accomplishment, i.e. the education, the network of contacts, the classification and financial means. He remains the exit R. Merton's form of the innovative adaptation.