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The article analyzes the main trends in the transformation of the liberal model of journalism in Western historical and political discourses of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In particular, corporate and hierarchical trends in the formation of mass media complexes are highlighted, contributing to the growth of control over journalistic activities, on the one hand, and strengthening political conformism, on the other.

Borys Hrinchenko's publicism is the result of his social and political activity. Publicistic genres – essays, feuilletons, critical articles, polemical and debatable articles, and even journalistic notes are the core of journalism. Publicism in any periodical creates the face of this publication, declares its affiliation to a particular ideology, the creation of the ideal of the best-organized society. All these tasks in the publicism of this person are outlined very clearly. Communist ideology treated Borys Hrinchenko as an ideologue of bourgeois nationalism, a "singer of Petliurism", a cultural trader, and the author of the "small business theory". This is an "achievement" of the Soviet methodology. Until 1917, nationalism meant patriotism, not chauvinism. Cosmopolitanism was interpreted as internationalism. Over time, the essence of the terms has changed to the opposite. The history of Hrinchenko's publicism testifies that he defended the national path of Ukraine's development determined by Shevchenko and saw the essence of his life in this path realization. He, with some reservations, leaned towards the ideology of radicalism and created the Ukrainian Radical Party to implement the program of national development and nation-building, and later merged with L. Zhebunov's Democratic Party into the Ukrainian Radical Democratic Party. Among about 20 party pamphlets, several were written by Hrinchenko, and he also compiled (№ 7) a collection of poetic publicism, or more precisely, journalistic poetry, The Red Flower (1905). In 1892, Boris Hrinchenko made the final ideological and cultural-scientific choice. Evidence of this is the controversy between Hrinchenko and Drahomanov about the ways of development of Ukraine and the role of Shevchenko in nation-building (Hrinchenko, 1994). These are letters from the future of Ukraine. They passed through the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian SSR, and in 1991 received the name of the state of Ukraine. "Letters from the Dnieper Ukraine", "Galician Poems", "On the ...

The article discusses the main characteristics of modern art journalism, which allow us to assert its anthropocentricity. It is proved that the subject of creativity, which creates artistic images, as well as the work itself as a reflection of the value picture of the artist's world, his worldview and ideological concept are the subject of reception and analysis of art journalism. The anthropocentricity of art journalism as a whole is obvious because art itself is anthropocentric. However, in modern conditions of globalization and the development of postmodern worldview, the anthropocentricity of art journalism is undergoing certain transformations. The specificity of art discourse lies, first of all, in a pronounced appraisal and authorial modality, and the very representation of a work of art in a media text is determined by the level of professionalism and the degree of talent of its producer, as well as the social recognition of the artist and the very status of the work of art, determined by the interest of the public in it, the artist's innovation, the demand for a particular genre in the art industry. In the text-discursive space of mass art journalism, one can find the most revealing cases of interaction between institutional, professional and everyday discourses, which, on the one hand, significantly characterizes modern art journalism from the standpoint of its anthropocentricity, and on the other hand, allows us to evaluate the dynamic transformations inherent in it in postmodern conditions. The postmodern worldview deprives the art discourse of any stable coordinates in terms of terminology or the presence of professional art criticism competencies in an art journalist. A positive assessment in the discourse of art journalism is aimed at reflecting success, the predominance of the best qualities in the interpreted object, which is further enhanced by the use of art criticism terminological apparatus, however, texts with ambiguous evaluation and authorial modality are also presented in the text-discursive space.

The representatives of the personal journalism of the highest grade, Italian Umberto Eco and Pole Jerzy Giedroyc, wrote a golden page in world publicism. They put forward new ideas that are governing the world. Their world-view systems were represented on the pages of the leading European and world newspapers, and as a result, they deepened understanding of the trends of world development, cooperation between nations and civilizations. The problematic texts of Umberto Eco in the Italian periodicals «Corriere della Sera», «L'Espresso» and others, «Kultura» magazine, published in Polish under the leadership of Jerzy Giedroyc, became the examples of substantive argumentation based on ethical intellectualism, constructive criticism, and moral responsibility for the word. They became a very important source of understanding of the processes of forming a new system of values. The many-sided creativity, concrete political engagement, new ideas, and prognostic texts of these personalities have played and continue to play a powerful role in influencing the formation of the outlook of millions of readers on all continents. Most articles by Umberto Eco and by the authors of the «Kultura» magazine have become a very important source for understanding the processes of forming a new system of values in the post communist world, trends in the development of modern civilization.Analysis of the «Five Moral Pieces» published at the end of the last century, the book «On «Kultura». Memoirs and thoughts» allow us to recommend judgments of leading scholars, publicists, and writers for in-depth analysis of the role of opinion journalism in the modern world.Key words: publicism, spirit, thinking, argument, authority, society, idea, ethics, opinion, world outlook. ; Репрезентанти персонального журналізму найвищого ґатунку – італієць Умберто Еко і поляк Єжи Ґедройць – вписали у світоглядну публіцистику світу золоту сторінку. Вони висунули нові ідеї, які посутньо рухають світом. Їхні світоглядні системи були репрезентовані на сторінках провідних видань Європи і світу, відтак – сприяли поглибленню розуміння тенденцій розвитку світу, співпраці між народами і цивілізаціями. Проблемні тексти Умберто Еко в італійських виданнях «Вечірній вісник», «Експрес» та ін., журнал «Культура», який виходив польською мовою у Парижі під керівництвом Єжи Ґедройця, стали взірцем предметної аргументації, що базується на етичному інтелектуалізмі, конструктивному критицизмі, моральній відповідальності за слово. Вони стали дуже важливим джерелом розуміння процесів формування нової системи вартостей.Аналіз «П'яти моральних листів», опублікованих наприкінці минулого століття, книги «Про «Культуру». Спогади і думки» дозволяє рекомендувати судження провідних вчених, публіцистів, літераторів для поглибленого з'ясування ролі публіцистики в сучасному світі.Ключові слова: публіцистика, дух, мислення, аргумент, авторитет, суспільство, ідея, етика, думка, світогляд.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the dual nature of art journalism, manifested in the trajectories of its development and the corresponding functions in the modern media space — cultural-educational and information-advertising. The author of the article interprets art journalism as a sphere of professional activity, the purpose of which is to form the aesthetic taste of the target audience and convey a set of values that have universal and national significance. Arts journalism is increasingly targeting a wider audience, as evidenced by trends towards deliberate simplification of text and increasing entertainment value. At the same time, the goals of art journalism — the preservation of cultural and national values, the comprehensive development of man, his education based on examples of world culture — are embodied in the implementation of the cultural and educational function of art journalism and, as a consequence, in the development of aesthetic taste using its tools and means. In an effort to satisfy the needs of the target audience for information about facts and cultural events, about works of various types of art, art journalism also implements an information and advertising function. The intentionality of art journalism is characteristic of both trajectories of its development in the modern media space: the formation of ideas, positions, and opinions naturally determines the emergence of expected emotional states in the addressee. The article proves that the information and advertising trajectory of art journalism organically complements the cultural and educational one: in any of the areas studied, the addressee is able to expand his cognitive and emotional experience in the cultural space, possessing creative potential. The cultural and educational trajectory of the development of art journalism cannot be implemented outside of information and entertainment: expanding the intended target audience by attracting attention to cultural and artistic events contributes to the representation of the news occasion from the perspective of organizing leisure time, deepening knowledge about a particular work of art or cultural figure and, as a result, ensuring and maintaining cultural balance in society

The article tells about the motives of admission of the ninth grade graduates to college. The research topic is relevant because it is important to study popular educational routes of Russian children, ways of accumulating educational and professional capital, orientation of young people to obtain technical specialties, the relevance of the «document analysis» method in empirical sociology. The materials of Internet journalism were analyzed, specifically posted on the web articles that justify the advantages of leaving school and studying at college. The author presents ratings of motives for choosing secondary special education in texts for 2018 and 2023. The content of journalistic materials was studied using qualitative methods, content analysis and with the support of relevant computer services. It has been established that the most stable and frequent argumentations in Internet journalism in 2018 and 2023 are the possibility of not passing the unified state exam, obtaining a profession, preparing for university admission. The prevailing motives are related to the lengthening of the student's educational route and the acceleration of professionalization. From the rating of reasons for choosing a college in 2023, the opinion about the availability of budget training disappeared, but there was a justification to continue the family dynasty of technical specialists. Compared to 2018, the rank of the motive for the optimal organization of the educational process in colleges has decreased. Also, the hope for individual attention to the student from the teachers has weakened. The results of the research can be applied in social policy in the fields of education and employment, especially to assess the readiness of school graduates to obtain a technical profession. The methodological conclusions of the project on the analysis of documents in empirical research are useful for students of sociological specialties.

This article investigates the trends of Russian journalism regarding its regional component. The author distinguishes the great impact of the PR governmental activity and its influence on the media, which makes it turns it into an instrument of informational influence. Author assumes, that that journalism can be reborn as social and important profession only if mass media become a place for open political discussion. ; Анализируются тенденции развития отечественной журналистики в современных региональных условиях. Обозначается проблема значительного влияния пиар­структур на редакционную деятельность СМИ, что постепенно превращает журналистику в инструмент информационного воздействия на общество. Утверждается, что вернуть журналистике статус значимой профессии, служащей интересам общества, возможно путем возрождения в СМИ открытого обсуждения действий власти и политических событий.

The article represents the first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the economic journalism in A.S. Suvorin's newspaper Novoye Vremya in the 1880s. It was a period when after heated discussions about the role of private and state capital in the economy, the public sentiment and government policy increasingly shifted in favor of the necessity of state ownership in such strategically important areas of the national economy as railways, mining plants and forests. After A.S. Suvorin acquired ownership of the Novoye Vremya in 1876, the newspaper took on a noticeable national-democratic slant, which became increasingly more conspicuous over the years. Despite the editor's allegiance to the authorities, his contemporaries deservedly saw him as an independent figure. The influence of Suvorin's newspaper was so significant that the famous parlor general E.V. Bogdanovich tried (not always successfully) to use it to his advantage. Bogdanovich, who initially advocated the "concession" nature of the Siberian Railway, later supported its construction at the expense of the treasury. A.S. Suvorin himself, as well as such regular newspaper contributors as V.K. Petersen and K.A. Skalkovsky were also initially supporters of private capital, concerning it an active creative force. At the same time, Novoye Vremya assessed the German experience of "state socialism" quite positively, but pointed out its inapplicability to Russian conditions and the lack of a suffcient number of active and incorruptible officials in the country. In 1883 K.A. Skalkovsky engaged in polemics with M.N. Katkov, criticizing his project to create state-owned grain elevators. However, from the mid-1880s the editors of Novoye Vremya were forced to support "statist" tendencies in the economic life of the country. In general, the economic policy of that time was not as dogmatic as in the subsequent socialist era. Subject to political interests, it was rather instrumental, practical and situational in its orientation, and the ambiguity of the position of the publicists of Suvorin's periodical largely resulted from the latter circumstance.

«Історія української журналістики» – це навчальна дисципліна, що формує у студентів знання про розвиток вітчизняної журналістики від найдавніших шляхів до сьогодення. Розглядаються умови виникнення та національні джерела української журналістики. Простежено різні аспекти діяльності національних медійних систем у ХХ – поч. ХХІ ст. Розкрито особливості впливу засобів масової комунікації на перебіг суспільно-політичних подій в Україні. Вивчення дисципліни «Історія української журналістики» допоможе підвищувати рівень підготовки студентів спеціальності «Журналістика», розвивати їхні знання в розумінні еволюції засобів масової комунікації. "History of Ukrainian Journalism" is an educational discipline that forms students' knowledge of the development of domestic journalism from the oldest ways to the present. Conditions of origin and national sources of Ukrainian journalism are considered. Different aspects of the activity of the national media systems in XX – beginning are traced XXI century. The peculiarities of the influence of mass communication on the course of social and political events in Ukraine are revealed. The study of the discipline "History of Ukrainian Journalism" will help to increase the level of preparation of students of the specialty "Journalism", to develop their knowledge in understanding the evolution of mass media

The main object of study is the mass communication (journalism) of the Ukrainian cyberspace. The rich fact of mass communication research has been analyzed. An overview of important works demonstrating the development of Ukraine's national cyberspace has been carried out. The important personal criteria of a journalist are considered, which should become the basis of an effective model of mass communication (national journalism) in the modern Internet space. The study used a set of general and specific methods: a conceptual analysis method in determining the basic characteristics of mass communication, comparative analysis (in comparing and contrasting models of mass media, including journalism), functional analysis (in clarifying the role and basic functions of mass media, including journalism). Mass media, including national journalism, influence the security of the individual, society and the Ukrainian nation. In the face of Russian aggression, it is important that the model of national journalism be effective for the security of the Ukrainian information space. It is important for national politics to promote the information security of the Ukrainian nation, and that the mass media model, in particular, national journalism, be an effective mechanism in the fight against the Russian aggressor.

В данной статье политическая журналистика рассматривается как одна из сфер современной журналистики. Автор представляет различные подходы в освещении политических событий в контексте объективности предоставляемой населению информации. Проводится анализ того, какие факторы влияют на стиль и способы предоставления материала широкой аудитории.