Suchergebnisse

O que são e como se avaliam as competências de literacia mediática dos indivíduos? O que tem sido feito em Portugal em matéria de avaliação deste tipo de competências? Este artigo reflete sobre estas questões e revela o caso português: pouco explorado, limitado, mas em notável crescimento. Aqui se apresentam os estudos portugueses de avaliação de competências de literacia mediática mais significativos, as suas metodologias e principais conclusões. Uma nota curiosa: todos foram desenvolvidos na última década.

This article defines the main characteristics of the media during quarantine, analyzes the peculiarity of online media during the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 and highlights changes in the content of media platforms during the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, considering changes in user interests and new media projects offered especially during this pandemic. General scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis) and special research methods of online media characteristics (content analysis) have been used. Based on the results of the survey, the most popular online platforms were identified during quarantine restrictions, the most vulnerable areas of online media were identified during the crisis, and details of the presentation of material on OVID-19 were analyzed by various means. It is concluded that social quarantine restrictions have led to an increase in activity among users of online media, now focusing on the content of the information and the constant monitoring of the situation of the pandemic, as well as ways to defend against it.

Reseña:Casero Ripollés, Andreu (2009).La construcción mediática de las crisis políticas.Madrid: Editorial Fragua. ; Review:Casero Ripollés, Andreu (2009).La construcción mediática de las crisis políticas.Madrid: Editorial Fragua.

In Mexico, school dropout has increased significantly in recent years. High school dropout is part of a national problem that requires immediate attention. There is a common simplistically thought that leaving school is due to a family, personal or unilateral decisions which depends on the financial situation of the student, or on the lack of individual capacity to learn. School dropout is a multifactorial phenomenon, which is affected by economic deficiencies, lack of support, as well as processes of psychological and biological change, as well as situations of risk, given the increasing violence and the deterioration of the social fabric in practically throughout the country. So, Mexico is a country of children and young people who must be in school, that is their only chance of transcending social context and economic mobility is education; here lies the importance of knowing what the dropout or dropout phenomenon is and how it is behaving, particularly in secondary education. It is concluded that a constant growth of students in the upper secondary level can be observed, which may be due to the inertial growth of demographic rates that automatically impact the student population. However, if a comparison is made between the number of students at the elementary level and the upper secondary level, a large decrease in students is observed, which, according to the percentages mentioned, is due to the lack of interest, aptitude or requirements for enter school. Currently, Mexican government is promoting various support programs for those cases in which students lack resources for their studies, in order to provide them with more opportunities to continue their studies. ; En México la deserción escolar ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años. El abandono escolar en la escuela media superior es parte de una problemática nacional que requiere atención inmediata. Se piensa de forma simplista que dejar la escuela obedece a una decisión familiar, personal o unilateral; que depende de la situación económica del estudiante, o bien, de la falta de capacidad individual para aprender. La deserción escolar es un fenómeno multifactorial, en el que impactan las carencias económicas, la falta de apoyos, así como procesos de cambio psicológico y biológico, además de situaciones de riesgo, dada la creciente violencia y el deterioro del tejido social en prácticamente todo el territorio nacional. México es un país de niños y jóvenes que deben estar en la escuela, su única posibilidad de trascender su contexto social es la educación; de ahí, la importancia de conocer qué es y cómo se está comportando el fenómeno del abandono o deserción escolar, particularmente en la educación media superior. Se concluye que se puede observar un crecimiento constante de alumnos en el nivel medio superior, que puede deberse al crecimiento inercial de las tasas demográficas que impactan de forma automática a la población estudiantil. Sin embargo, si se hace una comparación entre la cantidad de alumnos en nivel primaria y en el nivel medio superior se observa un gran decrecimiento de alumnos que, de acuerdo con los porcentajes mencionados, se debe a la falta de interés, aptitud o requisitos para ingresar a la escuela. Actualmente el gobierno mexicano fomenta diversos programas de apoyo para aquellos casos en los que los alumnos carecen de recursos para sus estudios, con el fin de brindarles más oportunidades para continuar sus estudios.

This article aims to solve the following scientific problem: to study the ways of interaction between mass media, audience and authorities used in regional practice. The relevance and scientific significance of solving the above-mentioned problem lies in the fact that modern mass media exist in a dynamically changing social space. The main objective is to determine how fully events of the political and public life of a country or region are reflected in the daily practice of regional mass media. Based on the analysis of print media, the authors of the article consider the authenticity, completeness and objectivity of the information worldview created by journalists of the Arkhangelsk Region. The contractual mechanism of information services used by authorities forces journalists to resort to self-censorship and non-disclosure of socially important information, which leads to the creation of media myths and the loss of professionalism, as well as changes essential characteristics of journalism. It is indicated that it is much more dangerous for this profession to consciously distort the reflected reality by emphasizing some events or certain aspects of the displayed phenomena and concealing others, i.e. manipulating mass consciousness through non-disclosure. Non-disclosure not only erases, destroys and eliminates facts, but also creates a mythical, distorted and unreliable information worldview.

Este artículo analiza el desembarco mediático del magnate de la comunicación Rupert Murdoch en Estados Unidos, prestando atención a las relaciones establecidas con el movimiento conservador y el Partido Republicano, y a las repercusiones de esta conexión sobre el panorama ideológico de los medios de comunicación estadounidenses. Se tienen en cuenta los antecedentes empresariales de Murdoch, así como su procedencia y el proceso de adquisición de medios de comunicación en Estados Unidos. También analizamos la forma en que ciertos medios de Murdoch han funcionado como una voz mediática para ciertas facciones de la derecha estadounidense, siendo el canal de televisión Fox News paradigmático al respecto. El apoyo de Murdoch a candidatos republicanos en las elecciones presidenciales de 2000, 2004 y 2008 se considera una extensión política de su apoyo ideológico a la derecha ; This paper analyzes the media arrival of media mogul Rupert Murdoch in the United States. We focus on the ties with the American conservative movement and the Republican Party, and on those ties' consequences regarding the ideological landscape of American media. Murdoch's business past is taken into account, as well as the country Murdoch comes from, and the process of media acquisition in the United States. We also focus on the way certain media owned by Murdoch have worked as a media voice for certain factions of the American right. In this regard, Fox News Channel can be cited as a paradigmatic mass medium. Murdoch's support for Republican candidates in the presidential elections of 2000, 2004, and 2008, is regarded as a political extension of his ideological support for the right-wing.

Este artículo nace de la iniciativa que la cooperativa Lai-momo de Bolonia, que pertenece a la Comisión Europea, Dirección General de Educación y Cultura, en siete países de la Unión Europea (Italia, Grecia. España, Portugal, Bélgica. Francia y Luxemburgo). Los autores se acercan al mundo de los medios de comunicación de masas y de la educación desde la posición y tratamiento de los medios por parte de cada uno de los países que componen ese colectivo. La oferta educativa, en general para toda Europa, necesita de la intervención de la comisión Europea, que defina una política general y asigne unas líneas de financiación. Solo de esta forma se alcanzará una garantía y legitimidad de intervención pública que facilite la cooperación entre los más diversos sectores deformación.________________________________ This article is born from the initiative of the cooperative Lai-momo of Bolonia; this belongs to the European Commission, General Direction of Education and Culture, with the participation of seven countries of the European Union (Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, France and Luxembourg). The authors approach the world of the mass and education media taking into account the vision of every country about this theme. The educational offering, in general for the whole Europe. needs the intervention of the European Commission, that must define a general policy and assign some lines of financing. This is the only way to guarantee and legitimate the public intervention to facilitate the cooperation between the most diverse sectors of education.

Como expuso Walter Lippmann en su libro La opinión pública, en sociedades complejas como la nuestra los medios de comunicación de masas construyen un pseudoentorno, a través del cual nos hacen llegar las informaciones necesarias para nuestra vida cotidiana. Pero, los medios de comunicación hacen algo más que informarnos: eligen y organizan jerárquicamente nuestro menú cotidiano de informaciones relevantes. Conjuntamente con los agentes sociales, económicos y políticos prominentes, determinan la agenda de las preocupaciones ciudadanas, colocando en primer plano de la actualidad determinados asuntos y silenciando o soslayando otros. Por esa razón, en la sociedad actual el concepto de opinión pública es incomprensible sin referirnos a la actuación de los medios de comunicación. Pero no se trata únicamente de la labor de los media como vehículos para la información y plataformas para la discusión colectiva. Los media popularizan valores, actitudes y modelos de conducta y su enorme capacidad de influir despierta una razonable preocupación entre los ciudadanos. Esta comunicación analiza siete cuestiones que ilustran las fricciones entre ciudadanía y medios de comunicación en la sociedad contemporánea. ; Abstract: As Walter Lippmann stated in his book The Public Opinion, in complex societies as ours, media build a pseudo-environment through which they send us all the necessary information four our daily life. However, media do something more than just informing us: they choose and organize hierarchically our daily menu of relevant information. They determine, helped by social, economic and political agents, the political agenda of citizens' concerns emphasizing certain matters while silencing others. This is the reason why the concept of public opinion is incomprehensible if we do not refer to the performance of media. But media do not merely act as means of information and spread tribunes for public debates. Media popularize values, attitudes, and behavioral models and their great capacity to influence arouse reasonable concern among citizens. This paper analyzes seven questions that illustrate the friction between citizens and media in contemporary society.

In Peru, young college students have leading roles in social protest mobilizations even when they seldom belong to political organizations. This study aims to analyze the perception of current politics and its institu-tions among young college students, and to inquire into their interest on relevant events at their surround-ings and into the importance gained by the media and the social networks concerning their information. The purpose of this project is also to examine the role assigned by college students to the university as a space of personal development and reflection. This project was carried out in Lima, Peru, directed to youngsters aged 17 to 25 from public and private universities. Opinions have been collected through six focus-groups and a survey applied to more than 400 students. The analysis concludes that college students distrust pro-foundly political parties and formal political organizations, likewise it shows they have a broad access to information sources, so as their willingness to solve Peru's problematic issues. It also uncovers clear differ-ences between students of private and public universities regarding attitudes for participating in political action, inside and outside the campus. From the study stems a proposal to provide young students at their campuses with opportunities to debate public issues of national and global interest as a part of their overall academic training.

Esta dissertacao tem por objetivo estimar a duracao esperada das ocorrencias completas de desemprego e analisar os elementos que distinguem a experiencia dos homens e das mulheres no mercado de trabalho. A taxa de desemprego foi determinada como resultante das probabilidades de transicao entre os tres estados nos quais a populacao pode ser classificada em relacao ao mercado de trabalho: ocupacao, desocupacao e inatividade. As distintas experiencias de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho se refletem nas probabilidades de transicao e, conseqüentemente, nas suas respectivas taxas de desemprego. (Pesqui Planej Econ/DÜI)