Suchergebnisse

The Pacific is an increasingly urbanized region, with many countries struggling to cope with demands for basic urban services. This publication recommends risk reduction and adaptation measures to promote more sustainable urban development.

Over the past 30 years, rapid urbanization and economic growth have transformed the cities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). But this unprecedented urbanization has highlighted challenges that demand significant changes to basic urban management and planning policies. This report is based on a 2011–2012 policy study for the PRC's forthcoming national urbanization plan that will set out urban development policies and guidelines over the coming decade. It examines the PRC's urbanization challenges and suggests actions for improving the urban environment through changes in the design, financing, administration, and social integration of cities.

The Pacific is an increasingly urbanized region, with many countries struggling to cope with demands for basic urban services. This publication recommends risk reduction and adaptation measures to promote more sustainable urban development.

Over the past 30 years, rapid urbanization and economic growth have transformed the cities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). But this unprecedented urbanization has highlighted challenges that demand significant changes to basic urban management and planning policies. This report is based on a 2011–2012 policy study for the PRC's forthcoming national urbanization plan that will set out urban development policies and guidelines over the coming decade. It examines the PRC's urbanization challenges and suggests actions for improving the urban environment through changes in the design, financing, administration, and social integration of cities.

Increasing school resources has often shown disappointing effects on school quality in developing countries, a lack of impact which may be due to student, parent or teacher behavioral responses. We test the short-term impact of an increase in school resources under parental control using an experimental school grant program in Niger.

Improving service quality via beneficiary participation in managing the service may be unrealistic if a community with low authority must act in opposition to a high authority service provider. We present a framework of how community characteristics change the effectiveness of different types of participation. W use date from a ramdomized pilot project on participation in school management in Niger to test our predictions. We find that all parents increase participation in ways that support the teachers, but only educated parents increase monitoring of teacher attendance. We also present evidence that participation can be a "nudge" to increased service demand.

Previous research indicates that social relationships can influence the probability of successfully finding a first job. This paper contributes to this field of research by empirically analysing the rarely studied question, if social networks can help adolescents find an apprenticeship in the strongly company-based vocational training system of Germany. In contrast to most previous studies, not only the youth's networks, but also their mothers' networks are taken into account. In addition to the social, the ethnic composition of the networks is also considered. Event data analyses of German panel data on natives and migrants from the project 'Young Immigrants in the German and Israeli Educational System' show that adolescents' networks have no effect on the success of an apprenticeship search. In contrast, the mothers' networks play a crucial role.

As an integral part of efforts to enhance aid and development effectiveness, there is a growing global emphasis on the need to broaden the vision and mission of development to include (i) country safeguard systems strengthening, (ii) greater reliance on country safeguard systems to address environmental and social issues for projects supported by international financial institutions, and (iii) harmonization of safeguard policies and approaches among development partners. Strengthened country safeguard systems will (i) enhance countries' ownership, (ii) extend development impacts, (iii) make more efficient use of countries and their development partners' resources, and (iv) promote cooperation among international financial institutions. This need was fully articulated by consensus in the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, reaffirmed and strengthened in the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action, and reiterated in the 2011 Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation.

As an integral part of efforts to enhance aid and development effectiveness, there is a growing global emphasis on the need to broaden the vision and mission of development to include (i) country safeguard systems strengthening, (ii) greater reliance on country safeguard systems to address environmental and social issues for projects supported by international financial institutions, and (iii) harmonization of safeguard policies and approaches among development partners. Strengthened country safeguard systems will (i) enhance countries' ownership, (ii) extend development impacts, (iii) make more efficient use of countries and their development partners' resources, and (iv) promote cooperation among international financial institutions. This need was fully articulated by consensus in the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, reaffirmed and strengthened in the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action, and reiterated in the 2011 Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation.

"Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einer Kombination der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie (GTM) mit autoethnografischen Verfahren im Rahmen einer Studie zu den Problemen, die beim Umzug aus mexikanischen Metropolen in kleinere, eher traditionelle Städte entstehen, eine Erfahrung, die die Autorin selbst bei der Übersiedelung von Mexiko-Stadt nach Aguacalientes gemacht hat: Die Erfahrung, im eigenen Land zu einer Fremden zu werden, wurde von einer persönlichen zu einer soziologischen Frage, der sie mittels einer GTM-Studie nachgegangen ist. Für diese Studie habe sie zwei- bis dreistündige Gespräche mit zwölf Migrant/innen geführt. Zur Analyse hat sie MAXQDA genutzt. Sie hat die Transkripte mehrmals gelesen, sie kodiert, Memos geschrieben und Diagramme entworfen, die ihr sukzessive wachsendes Verständnis einfingen. Aus einem autoethnografischen Ausgangspunkt ist sie so zu einem der GTM folgenden Design und zu GTM-Analysetechniken übergegangen. Die Ergebnisse ihrer Studie verdeutlichen, dass kleinere Städte in Mexiko, einem sich rasant entwickelnden Land, einem großen sozialen Druck ausgesetzt sind, aus dem wiederum eine sehr scharfe Grenzziehung zwischen 'Insidern' und 'Outsidern' resultiert. Die erhebliche Differenz zwischen der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Insidern und Outsidern kann insoweit als Ausdruck eines umfassenderen Wandels im modernen Mexiko verstanden werden." (Autorenreferat)

The paper presents a view of the results and progress of Albania in the Programme for International Students' Assessments 2009 (PISA 2009). The overall goal and objectives of PISA are to offer support and expertise in the field of the evaluation of educational development factors in Albania. One of the methods successfully used for monitoring the achieved progress during the given study period was the estimation and comparison of results with the results of previous PISA participations. A broader comparison of these statistics with those of other PISA participants in the Albanian region provides a real picture of the situation, showing the progress Albania has made and indicating how effective Albania's educational policies are. (DIPF/Orig.)

"Untersucht wird der Förderschulbesuch von Schülern nach ihrer spezifischen Staatsangehörigkeit, basierend auf Daten der amtlichen Schulstatistik für Deutschland insgesamt sowie für die verschiedenen Bundesländer. Je nach Staatsangehörigkeit zeigen sich deutlich variierende Anteile sowohl im Förderschulbesuch insgesamt als auch differenziert nach dem Schwerpunkt der sonderpädagogischen Förderung. Die exemplarisch für das Bundesland NRW durchgeführten regionalen Analysen ergeben, dass zwischen den Kreisen und kreisfreien Städten deutliche Disparitäten im Förderschulbesuch insgesamt sowie nach dem jeweiligen Förderschwerpunkt bestehen. Eine starke Varianz zeigt sich auch für die Abgänger von Förderschulen; differenziert nach Staatsangehörigkeit werden große Unterschiede im Erreichen eines Hauptschulabschlusses festgestellt." (Autorenreferat)