Suchergebnisse

The author in this article the analyzes the role of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania judging cases about state officers impeachment. The author is concentrated on impeachment institute that is established in Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. It's analyzed in two cuts. First of all the author is interested in interaction problems between law and politics in impeachment process. Secondly, Constitutional Court being a part of impeachment process has to judge actual facts. So we meet relationship between fact and law in this type of constitutional justice cases. By 74 th article of Constitution for gross violation of the Constitution, breach of oath, or upon the disclosure of the commitment of felony, the Seimas may, by three fifths majority vote of all the Seimas members, remove from office the President of the Republic, the Chairman and judges of the Constitutional Court, the Chairman and judges of the Court of Appeals, as well Seimas members, or may revote their mandate of Seimas member. Such an action shall be carried out in accordance with impeachment proceedings that shall be established by the Statute of the Seimas. In 105 th article 2 nd part 5 th mark of the Constitution is established that the Constitutional Court shall present conclusions concerning the compliance with the Constitution of concrete action of Seimas members or other State officers against whom impeachment proceedings have been instituted. So in impeachment process participates political institution – Seimas and judicial institution – Constitutional Court. Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court demonstrates that Court explaining Constitutional articles regarding impeachment tires to strengthen legal impeachment aspect. Constitutional Court has marked that only Constitutional Court shall present conclusion concerning the compliance with Constitution of concrete actions of higher State officers against whom impeachment proceedings have been instituted.

The author in this article the analyzes the role of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania judging cases about state officers impeachment. The author is concentrated on impeachment institute that is established in Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. It's analyzed in two cuts. First of all the author is interested in interaction problems between law and politics in impeachment process. Secondly, Constitutional Court being a part of impeachment process has to judge actual facts. So we meet relationship between fact and law in this type of constitutional justice cases. By 74 th article of Constitution for gross violation of the Constitution, breach of oath, or upon the disclosure of the commitment of felony, the Seimas may, by three fifths majority vote of all the Seimas members, remove from office the President of the Republic, the Chairman and judges of the Constitutional Court, the Chairman and judges of the Court of Appeals, as well Seimas members, or may revote their mandate of Seimas member. Such an action shall be carried out in accordance with impeachment proceedings that shall be established by the Statute of the Seimas. In 105 th article 2 nd part 5 th mark of the Constitution is established that the Constitutional Court shall present conclusions concerning the compliance with the Constitution of concrete action of Seimas members or other State officers against whom impeachment proceedings have been instituted. So in impeachment process participates political institution – Seimas and judicial institution – Constitutional Court. Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court demonstrates that Court explaining Constitutional articles regarding impeachment tires to strengthen legal impeachment aspect. Constitutional Court has marked that only Constitutional Court shall present conclusion concerning the compliance with Constitution of concrete actions of higher State officers against whom impeachment proceedings have been instituted.

Foreign investment is highly important for the country's economic and social development. Along with the foreign investment the number of new jobs is increasing, the conditions for innovations, technological development is becoming more favorable, production efficiency is increasing and all the needed industry is developing. However, with these positive goods foreign investment also poses risks that a foreign investor, who does not meet the interests of the national security, will harm the country's national security or public order. This fear brings a desire for European Union, as well as Lithuania, to create not a policy, which would make it easier to attract investors and improve the conditions for foreign investors to invest in the specific country, but to create investment screening mechanisms which would enable investor review and supervision. Lithuanian foreign investment screening framework which is a newly regulated institute which came into force on 2018-03-01 will be analyzed in this Master's thesis. This institute will be compared with the frameworks of the Member States of the European Union, discussing problematic issues and making proposals on the weaknesses of the investment screening framework. The first chapter contains analysis of the basis of creation of the investment screening framework, such as the potential risks, definition of the investor, as a subject of the investment screening framework, the criteria when an investor will be considered not compatible with the interests of national security. It also contains the examination of the concept of companies, which are important for national security, the criteria what companies are considered important for national security. It involves question if the investment screening mechanisms does not violate the principle of property inviolability. The main stages of the investment screening mechanisms are discussed in this chapter, raising the question of whether this framework is necessary when the transactions shall be reviewed in accordance with the article 1.81 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The second chapter contains of two main aspects – compliance with the constitutional principle of freedom of individual economic activity and the free movement of the capital enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The concept of these principles is analyzed and the question whether the restraint of investment does not violate these principles is answered. The third chapter provides weaknesses of the investment screening framework and offers suggestions on how to improve Lithuanian investment screening framework.

Foreign investment is highly important for the country's economic and social development. Along with the foreign investment the number of new jobs is increasing, the conditions for innovations, technological development is becoming more favorable, production efficiency is increasing and all the needed industry is developing. However, with these positive goods foreign investment also poses risks that a foreign investor, who does not meet the interests of the national security, will harm the country's national security or public order. This fear brings a desire for European Union, as well as Lithuania, to create not a policy, which would make it easier to attract investors and improve the conditions for foreign investors to invest in the specific country, but to create investment screening mechanisms which would enable investor review and supervision. Lithuanian foreign investment screening framework which is a newly regulated institute which came into force on 2018-03-01 will be analyzed in this Master's thesis. This institute will be compared with the frameworks of the Member States of the European Union, discussing problematic issues and making proposals on the weaknesses of the investment screening framework. The first chapter contains analysis of the basis of creation of the investment screening framework, such as the potential risks, definition of the investor, as a subject of the investment screening framework, the criteria when an investor will be considered not compatible with the interests of national security. It also contains the examination of the concept of companies, which are important for national security, the criteria what companies are considered important for national security. It involves question if the investment screening mechanisms does not violate the principle of property inviolability. The main stages of the investment screening mechanisms are discussed in this chapter, raising the question of whether this framework is necessary when the transactions shall be reviewed in accordance with the article 1.81 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The second chapter contains of two main aspects – compliance with the constitutional principle of freedom of individual economic activity and the free movement of the capital enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The concept of these principles is analyzed and the question whether the restraint of investment does not violate these principles is answered. The third chapter provides weaknesses of the investment screening framework and offers suggestions on how to improve Lithuanian investment screening framework.

Foreign investment is highly important for the country's economic and social development. Along with the foreign investment the number of new jobs is increasing, the conditions for innovations, technological development is becoming more favorable, production efficiency is increasing and all the needed industry is developing. However, with these positive goods foreign investment also poses risks that a foreign investor, who does not meet the interests of the national security, will harm the country's national security or public order. This fear brings a desire for European Union, as well as Lithuania, to create not a policy, which would make it easier to attract investors and improve the conditions for foreign investors to invest in the specific country, but to create investment screening mechanisms which would enable investor review and supervision. Lithuanian foreign investment screening framework which is a newly regulated institute which came into force on 2018-03-01 will be analyzed in this Master's thesis. This institute will be compared with the frameworks of the Member States of the European Union, discussing problematic issues and making proposals on the weaknesses of the investment screening framework. The first chapter contains analysis of the basis of creation of the investment screening framework, such as the potential risks, definition of the investor, as a subject of the investment screening framework, the criteria when an investor will be considered not compatible with the interests of national security. It also contains the examination of the concept of companies, which are important for national security, the criteria what companies are considered important for national security. It involves question if the investment screening mechanisms does not violate the principle of property inviolability. The main stages of the investment screening mechanisms are discussed in this chapter, raising the question of whether this framework is necessary when the transactions shall be reviewed in accordance with the article 1.81 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The second chapter contains of two main aspects – compliance with the constitutional principle of freedom of individual economic activity and the free movement of the capital enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The concept of these principles is analyzed and the question whether the restraint of investment does not violate these principles is answered. The third chapter provides weaknesses of the investment screening framework and offers suggestions on how to improve Lithuanian investment screening framework.

Foreign investment is highly important for the country's economic and social development. Along with the foreign investment the number of new jobs is increasing, the conditions for innovations, technological development is becoming more favorable, production efficiency is increasing and all the needed industry is developing. However, with these positive goods foreign investment also poses risks that a foreign investor, who does not meet the interests of the national security, will harm the country's national security or public order. This fear brings a desire for European Union, as well as Lithuania, to create not a policy, which would make it easier to attract investors and improve the conditions for foreign investors to invest in the specific country, but to create investment screening mechanisms which would enable investor review and supervision. Lithuanian foreign investment screening framework which is a newly regulated institute which came into force on 2018-03-01 will be analyzed in this Master's thesis. This institute will be compared with the frameworks of the Member States of the European Union, discussing problematic issues and making proposals on the weaknesses of the investment screening framework. The first chapter contains analysis of the basis of creation of the investment screening framework, such as the potential risks, definition of the investor, as a subject of the investment screening framework, the criteria when an investor will be considered not compatible with the interests of national security. It also contains the examination of the concept of companies, which are important for national security, the criteria what companies are considered important for national security. It involves question if the investment screening mechanisms does not violate the principle of property inviolability. The main stages of the investment screening mechanisms are discussed in this chapter, raising the question of whether this framework is necessary when the transactions shall be reviewed in accordance with the article 1.81 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The second chapter contains of two main aspects – compliance with the constitutional principle of freedom of individual economic activity and the free movement of the capital enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The concept of these principles is analyzed and the question whether the restraint of investment does not violate these principles is answered. The third chapter provides weaknesses of the investment screening framework and offers suggestions on how to improve Lithuanian investment screening framework.

The matter in question of the current master thesis is the most important aspect of compensation of non pecuniary damage - the size of compensation. The master thesis begins at the analysis of concept of "non pecuniary damage", which displays controversial nature of current institute, as well as other problematic aspects are being analysed, such as possibility of pecuniary valuation, relation to restitutio in integrum principle, historic evolution and opportunities of unification of the institute in the European Union. In the second chapter the compensation of non pecuniary damage as a process is being analysed, problems of subjects, which are able to value the size of compensation of non pecuniary damage, as well as methods and criterion that may assist, are being examined. The proving of size of non pecuniary damage is being analysed, possibility of fixing a presumption is being disputed as well as the right of a legislator to limit the size of non pecuniary damage while fixing maximum limits is being denied. The third chapter is based on practice of Lithuanian courts: pricipal problems are being highlighted as well as the examples of ambiguous estimation and the possible solutions are given.

The matter in question of the current master thesis is the most important aspect of compensation of non pecuniary damage - the size of compensation. The master thesis begins at the analysis of concept of "non pecuniary damage", which displays controversial nature of current institute, as well as other problematic aspects are being analysed, such as possibility of pecuniary valuation, relation to restitutio in integrum principle, historic evolution and opportunities of unification of the institute in the European Union. In the second chapter the compensation of non pecuniary damage as a process is being analysed, problems of subjects, which are able to value the size of compensation of non pecuniary damage, as well as methods and criterion that may assist, are being examined. The proving of size of non pecuniary damage is being analysed, possibility of fixing a presumption is being disputed as well as the right of a legislator to limit the size of non pecuniary damage while fixing maximum limits is being denied. The third chapter is based on practice of Lithuanian courts: pricipal problems are being highlighted as well as the examples of ambiguous estimation and the possible solutions are given.

This work analyses problems in connection with the heritage of sacred architecture. In the discourse of heritage conservancy, religious architecture is inseparable part of immovable cultural heritage. This heritage reveals nearly all the values that define the worth of heritage: from authenticity to technology. The actuality of the studied theme lies in the fact that law has not regulated religious heritage and the conception of sacred objects. As the protection of heritage becomes more modern, it enables to make the aspects of sacred heritage more relevant. At present only small part of society goes to church and objects that symbolize sacred meaning are not taken naturally any more. Reason for this lies in the political development of Lithuania. Soviet occupation has influenced the continuation of Christianity traditions. Part of the churches has been closed, the other part existed but the liturgical function has been changed under coercion. Considering the situation, it is a matter of great relevance to ensure the most favourable forms of protection to the sacred heritage of architecture, to make these objects "alive" - visited and open to local community and foreign guests. Church heritage is the most presentable layer of art, paying no attention to the destructive influence of political events and disasters in the past. It is very important to present relevant information about the existing sanctorum. In the process of popularisation, it is very important to coordinate the presented materials to pilgrims and non-religious visitors. In Western world, modern changes in heritage popularisation started in the seventh decade of the twentieth century. Cultural heritage started to be treated as economical value and cultural tourism as an important element in the regional flourishing. In up-to-date heritage protection, sacred heritage of architecture is related with the phenomenon of cultural tourism. Still in the process of information popularisation, the value of authenticity function is considered the main and non-changing indicator of heritage value. Sacred meaning is the most important and tourism is valued as it can serve in the dissemination of religious message and add to the financial resources. Changes already felt in Lithuania in the cognitive processes of sacred heritage, modern communication devices are being coordinated, usage of different technologies and other forms of information, though without interfering the essence of liturgical sanctity.

This work analyses problems in connection with the heritage of sacred architecture. In the discourse of heritage conservancy, religious architecture is inseparable part of immovable cultural heritage. This heritage reveals nearly all the values that define the worth of heritage: from authenticity to technology. The actuality of the studied theme lies in the fact that law has not regulated religious heritage and the conception of sacred objects. As the protection of heritage becomes more modern, it enables to make the aspects of sacred heritage more relevant. At present only small part of society goes to church and objects that symbolize sacred meaning are not taken naturally any more. Reason for this lies in the political development of Lithuania. Soviet occupation has influenced the continuation of Christianity traditions. Part of the churches has been closed, the other part existed but the liturgical function has been changed under coercion. Considering the situation, it is a matter of great relevance to ensure the most favourable forms of protection to the sacred heritage of architecture, to make these objects "alive" - visited and open to local community and foreign guests. Church heritage is the most presentable layer of art, paying no attention to the destructive influence of political events and disasters in the past. It is very important to present relevant information about the existing sanctorum. In the process of popularisation, it is very important to coordinate the presented materials to pilgrims and non-religious visitors. In Western world, modern changes in heritage popularisation started in the seventh decade of the twentieth century. Cultural heritage started to be treated as economical value and cultural tourism as an important element in the regional flourishing. In up-to-date heritage protection, sacred heritage of architecture is related with the phenomenon of cultural tourism. Still in the process of information popularisation, the value of authenticity function is considered the main and non-changing indicator of heritage value. Sacred meaning is the most important and tourism is valued as it can serve in the dissemination of religious message and add to the financial resources. Changes already felt in Lithuania in the cognitive processes of sacred heritage, modern communication devices are being coordinated, usage of different technologies and other forms of information, though without interfering the essence of liturgical sanctity.

This work analyses problems in connection with the heritage of sacred architecture. In the discourse of heritage conservancy, religious architecture is inseparable part of immovable cultural heritage. This heritage reveals nearly all the values that define the worth of heritage: from authenticity to technology. The actuality of the studied theme lies in the fact that law has not regulated religious heritage and the conception of sacred objects. As the protection of heritage becomes more modern, it enables to make the aspects of sacred heritage more relevant. At present only small part of society goes to church and objects that symbolize sacred meaning are not taken naturally any more. Reason for this lies in the political development of Lithuania. Soviet occupation has influenced the continuation of Christianity traditions. Part of the churches has been closed, the other part existed but the liturgical function has been changed under coercion. Considering the situation, it is a matter of great relevance to ensure the most favourable forms of protection to the sacred heritage of architecture, to make these objects "alive" - visited and open to local community and foreign guests. Church heritage is the most presentable layer of art, paying no attention to the destructive influence of political events and disasters in the past. It is very important to present relevant information about the existing sanctorum. In the process of popularisation, it is very important to coordinate the presented materials to pilgrims and non-religious visitors. In Western world, modern changes in heritage popularisation started in the seventh decade of the twentieth century. Cultural heritage started to be treated as economical value and cultural tourism as an important element in the regional flourishing. In up-to-date heritage protection, sacred heritage of architecture is related with the phenomenon of cultural tourism. Still in the process of information popularisation, the value of authenticity function is considered the main and non-changing indicator of heritage value. Sacred meaning is the most important and tourism is valued as it can serve in the dissemination of religious message and add to the financial resources. Changes already felt in Lithuania in the cognitive processes of sacred heritage, modern communication devices are being coordinated, usage of different technologies and other forms of information, though without interfering the essence of liturgical sanctity.

This work analyses problems in connection with the heritage of sacred architecture. In the discourse of heritage conservancy, religious architecture is inseparable part of immovable cultural heritage. This heritage reveals nearly all the values that define the worth of heritage: from authenticity to technology. The actuality of the studied theme lies in the fact that law has not regulated religious heritage and the conception of sacred objects. As the protection of heritage becomes more modern, it enables to make the aspects of sacred heritage more relevant. At present only small part of society goes to church and objects that symbolize sacred meaning are not taken naturally any more. Reason for this lies in the political development of Lithuania. Soviet occupation has influenced the continuation of Christianity traditions. Part of the churches has been closed, the other part existed but the liturgical function has been changed under coercion. Considering the situation, it is a matter of great relevance to ensure the most favourable forms of protection to the sacred heritage of architecture, to make these objects "alive" - visited and open to local community and foreign guests. Church heritage is the most presentable layer of art, paying no attention to the destructive influence of political events and disasters in the past. It is very important to present relevant information about the existing sanctorum. In the process of popularisation, it is very important to coordinate the presented materials to pilgrims and non-religious visitors. In Western world, modern changes in heritage popularisation started in the seventh decade of the twentieth century. Cultural heritage started to be treated as economical value and cultural tourism as an important element in the regional flourishing. In up-to-date heritage protection, sacred heritage of architecture is related with the phenomenon of cultural tourism. Still in the process of information popularisation, the value of authenticity function is considered the main and non-changing indicator of heritage value. Sacred meaning is the most important and tourism is valued as it can serve in the dissemination of religious message and add to the financial resources. Changes already felt in Lithuania in the cognitive processes of sacred heritage, modern communication devices are being coordinated, usage of different technologies and other forms of information, though without interfering the essence of liturgical sanctity.

Thesis research was based on state food and veterinary service veterinarians survey answers. After veterinarians of 32 districts were questioned, animal welfare situation in Lithuania, the most important problems with which veterinarians face during audits, most common companion animal welfare violations and measures which, in veterinarians' opinion, could improve state food and veterinary service work ensuring animal welfare were established. Also animal welfare legislation in Lithuania and Europe union was analysed in thesis, and some legalized measures to ensure animal welfare in other Europe countries.

Thesis research was based on state food and veterinary service veterinarians survey answers. After veterinarians of 32 districts were questioned, animal welfare situation in Lithuania, the most important problems with which veterinarians face during audits, most common companion animal welfare violations and measures which, in veterinarians' opinion, could improve state food and veterinary service work ensuring animal welfare were established. Also animal welfare legislation in Lithuania and Europe union was analysed in thesis, and some legalized measures to ensure animal welfare in other Europe countries.

Publicist, editor of periodicals, translator of Polish poetry, literary critic Dorofey Bokhan is an outstanding member of the Russian literary life of Minsk and Wilno. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the activities of Bokhan in Wilno in the first years after fleeing from the Bolshevik Minsk. The material for this study are newspapers in Russian, as well as documents of the Office of Government Commissar for the City of Wilno, Starostwo of Wilno and other institutions stored in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. In 1921, Bokhan became one of the leaders of the Wilno Russian society and headed the Literary and artistic section of the society. The literary and artistic section held numerous literary evenings. The authorities were suspicious of the patriotic character of the evenings. Reports on Russian culture were presented as a manifestation of disloyalty to the Polish state. The authorities saw Bokhan as "the most prominent and at the same time harmful" leader of the Russian press and the Wilno Russian society. Thus, in the early years of Bokhan in Wilno, he occupied an important place in the local Russian press and began to play a key role in Russian literary life. But due to conflicts in the Wilno Russian society in 1923, he withdrew from the society's board and withdrew from participation in the Literary and artistic section.