The article compares schema-therapy to narrative therapy across three domains: (i) theoretical methodological and philosophical framework; (ii) technics (both methods and their theoretical background), and (iii) mechanisms of change in therapy. Several ways of integrating these two therapies are proposed. Schema therapy and narrative psychotherapy are based on contradicting methodologies of structuralism and post-structuralism. Schema therapy develops the concept of schemes, introduced by A. Beck, adding emotions, physiological reactions and memories to its structure, and stresses the importance of using emotion-focused techniques to change them. Narrative psychotherapy is based on theories of dialogical self, introduced by H. Hermans and narrative theories of identity, introduced by T. Sarbin and D. Bruner. Both methods use the idea of multimodal structure of personality. Schema therapy partly uses the idea of distancing from and observing modes, introduced by the third wave of cognitive-behavioral therapies. Narrative psychotherapy uses externalization of symptoms as one of the core techniques. Both methods modify the narrative of the person. Narrative psychotherapy seeks unique events to develop a new narrative of the person according to their values. Schema therapy uses imagery rescripting to meet the needs of a child mode and change emotions experienced in traumatic memory. Both therapies also use internalization of attachment figures. Schema therapy can integrate metaphors from narrative therapy to deal with personality modes. It also can be enriched by treating these modes as sub personalities of narrative psychotherapy and focusing on their narratives and values.
The development of a mature personality is considered in the context of its holistic and purposeful presentation in the form of a generalized category of the work of life and an acme-oriented mature personality, as an integrative-holistic entity. This education is systematically structured on the basis of the Axi-vector of higher values at the pre-reflexive, reflective and spiritual levels and the acme vector according to the stages of acme orientation. The article presents the procedure of the semantic-sense analysis of the research of the development of akme-oriented mature
personality. The following experimental procedure for semantic-sense analysis of narratives is presented. 1) Semantic analysis, which allows to identify the "semantic field" (SF) and form a "concentration sense" (CS). 2) Correlation analysis, which makes it possible to single out the "common semantic core" (CSC), to determine the correlation coefficient, as well as the "coincidence" of identical words. 3) Sense analysis, which envisages the creation of a "common concentrated sense" (CCS) and a "specific concentrated sense" (SCS), which was used in the study of the development and formation of the model acme-oriented mature personality (AOMP).
The article deals with the procedure of semantic-semantic analysis on the example of one of the most stressful situations (the first battle) of combat operations (DB) under counter-terrorism operation (ATO), when the focus is on axiological meanings. The proposed procedure for semantic-semantic analysis of narratives is an effective tool that consists of standardized techniques that are valid and reliable. Also, the complex application of these methods, and thanks to individual generalization with the help of a competent expert, can produce a qualitatively new result in the form of axiological meanings. This makes it possible to conduct an experimental procedure in combat and is, in turn, an effective tool for psychological research in crisis situations. Therefore, the results presented in the article are an achievement that is of practical importance, both for peer review and for the purpose of psychotherapy.
Social work both in Ukraine and globally is currently developing its own research approaches and knowledge. The article - based on the analysis of foreign scientific literature and the experience of implementing the intervention "Workshop of Opportunities", which was accompanied by an implementation of multi-method research - describes the modern paradigms and strategies of research in social work.It is determined that in the scientific literature we often talk about positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms of research in social work, which differ not only in methodology but also in involving various participants in the research process to build knowledge, which is fundamentally important for the activity and development of social work. It is noted that non-positivist paradigms of research are becoming more widespread, within which subject-subject relations are formed and people who are traditionally excluded from this process are involved in the construction of knowledge.Various research strategies (research in action, narrative analysis, ethnographic research, etc.) and a multimodal approach that may represent the integration of practice and theory of social work are considered. Examples of the use of such strategies in foreign research in social work are given.Self-reflection of participation in the development, implementation and evaluation of the results of the experimental intervention "Studio of Opportunities", which aimed to improve the quality of life related to health in HIV-positive women with children under 6 years by integrating medically and economically oriented programs. The methodology of external and internal evaluation is described, which confirmed that such new interventions can be introduced in social work, for which there are no standardized, validated measurement tools. The conformity of the used research strategies to the ethical principles of social work is discussed, the advantages and limitations of the application of different paradigms (positivist and critical) research are determined.
Ukraine, which is currently facing of a cluster of various serious problems, has to revise its strategies of state building. A state without a consolidated society and a clear national idea has no future. Ukrainian sociology and the political forces are in a situation of ongoing conflictization. It is necessary to formulate and explain the genuine content of the category "national idea", which is crucial for Ukrainian society. To classify social conflicts it is necessary to apply an integrative approach, as the methodological foundation for any analytical study of conflicts. In the framework of an integrative approach conflicts are usually regarded not only as a narrative of ruin, a source of death, but also as a certain change that gives the chance to create a new society, as a source of progress. This study analyzes aspects of the conflictization of the national idea in modernity as exemplified by the political studies of the Ukrainian intellectual Ivan Franko. To formulate the ultimate goal it is important to note that the importance of the creation of the national idea and Ukrainian national self-determination depends on the clarification of favorable conditions and problematic historical aspects of political, juridical, and other societal practices. In order to preserve their territorial integrity Ukrainians should understand the nature of conflictization, which entails not only a divide, but at the same time progress. To unite society it is necessary to orient the people toward some clearly formulated common goal. It turns out that conflictization corroborates the level of conflicts of Ukrainian society. This enforces its movement and progress, because conflictization is in the first place determined by a strong bipolarity of trends and disharmony of thoughts. Therefore, it is important to take into account clearly formulated ideas put forward by various opinion leaders and to disseminate them among the population.
The imperial strategies and discourses of domination in modern Ukrainian culture, their manifestations in the Ukrainian literature on the basis of post-colonial and cultural-anthropological methodologies are analyzed. Integration and consolidation of Ukrainian national culture is an important state-building and globalization process. The very state of postcoloniality of contemporary Ukrainian culture demands new integrated philosophical studies of Ukrainian studies, including the emancipatory, decolonial socio-therapeutic goal. The questions of imperial strategies of domination, postcolonial discourse and globalization were covered in his writings by G. Grabovich, T. Gundorov, N. Zborovsk, M. Pavlyshyn, O. Titar, E. Thomson, O. Yurchuk. It is argued that the proliferation of an anti-colonial narrative is a definite step in overcoming the colonial heritage, but much more effective in overcoming colonialism is through democratization and the simultaneous spread of different types of discourses - postcolonial, decolonial, postimperial, anti-colonial, multicultural. Modern Ukrainian culture demonstrates both anti-colonial and post-colonial discourses. Socio-political and socio-cultural events of the last time especially actualize anti-colonial discourses, which is due to awareness of Ukraine as a former colony. At the same time, post-colonial discourses also demonstrate not only global but also national Ukrainian specifics. We see that colonialism in Ukraine, and, accordingly, the imperial resentment of the former metropolis with respect to Ukrainian lands, is not only a historical phenomenon, but a condition that determines and generates new conflicts up to an armed confrontation. In general, the texts of Ukrainian contemporary literature in view of the state of postcolonialism are classified into two types: 1) the type that focuses on the deconstruction of the imperial (postmodern post-colonialism), 2) the type that restores the Ukrainian national mythology (nationally oriented post-colonialism). The traces of the imperial are analyzed in the useful sense of the national-centered construction, and in the negative, when under the postmodern mask the cultural field of the Empire-Colony relations is restored. It is concluded that national Ukrainian culture will develop effectively only if the main imperial strategies are deconstructed and the main imperial myths are debunked.
Some issues of consolidation of the Ukrainian nation are considered. The peculiarity of postcolonial discourse is the study of new types of cultural and social identities, issues of self-conceptualization, and the legitimization of local narratives as national ones. It is known that the phenomenon of collective identity has attracted the attention of many researchers and is actively debated in various social and humanitarian discourses. Foreign science studies this phenomenon mainly according to sociocultural anthropology, sociology and psychology from various theoretical and methodological positions (Z. Freud, E. Erickson, K. Jung, B. Anderson, M. Barrett, S. Bauman, F. Bart, E. Gellner, R. Jenkins, H. Kon, B. Connor, B. Lukman, D. Matteson, A. Melutchchi, J. G. Mead, M. Mead, K. Moscovichi, E. Smith, G. Tejfel, J. Turner, J. Habermas, S. Huntington, etc.). In Russian and Ukrainian science, identity is studied within the framework of philosophy, political science, sociology, cultural studies, and psychology. The author extrapolated the Ericksonian term "identity" to the concept of "national identity". The components of this concept are analyzed, the interconnection of the components is searched and directions of consolidation of Ukrainians are offered. The emphasis is made on the fact that the level of their morality, synthesized from the various feelings inherited from their predecessors during many centuries of existence of the Ukrainian people on the lands of modern Ukraine, should be considered a special feature of Ukrainian national identity. Historical facts of the formation of the modern Ukrainian people prove the immutability of his desire for freedom, justice, dedication to their ideals, on which the modern society is based and around which consolidation of the people of Ukraine is possible. It is noted that, speaking of the uniqueness of the Ukrainian nation, one should mention its ideological principles, which allowed Ukrainians to defend their interests and protect the values on which national identity is based. It is emphasized that understanding the essence and ways of any consolidation is based on the natural physical laws of the existence of matter, of the world - this should be taken into account in the process of achieving the goal.
The article is devoted to the problem of the Ukrainian pantheon of heroes formation in the context of the need for nation consolidation in the war in modern Ukraine. It is emphasized that the need to create a national pantheon of heroes is conditioned by the peculiarities of the historical development of Ukraine, namely: by centuries of struggle for the independence of the state, a large number of victims, heroes, whose graves are scattered throughout the world. The peculiarity of the proposed approach consists in applying the author's concept of heroism. It is emphasized that the creating a national pantheon of heroes is a way of maintaining the prolongation of traditions and representing historical events through personalization. After all, impersonal history does not have a proper effect on the formation of people consciousness and identity. It is emphasized that, on the one hand, the pantheon of heroes reflects the value system existing in society, on the other hand, it forms the consciousness of the descendants, forms a certain system of moral values, leads to the development of modern historical thinking, a national heroic narrative. It is stressed that the special historical situation in modern Ukraine has exacerbated the problem of national identity and demands the allocation of national identities among national heroes, recognized by the majority of citizens. In addition, the problem of determining the heroes on the national and regional scale is outlined. It is emphasized that certain features of the regions requires a careful approach to the formation of the national pantheon of heroes. It is determined that the approval of the latter should include work in the field of information policy and be implemented in the symbolic space (memorials, monuments, street names, etc.). An important role in this context belongs to socio-political leaders and cultural authorities. However should be the field of education and upbringing the leading agent in the formation of the national pantheon of heroes. It is emphasized that the broad informing of citizens about exploits, heroes' activity is one of the ways of dispersing negative external myths about Ukraine. It is established that the degree of consolidation of the nation increases under crisis conditions, and in the current situation, the formation of the Ukrainian pantheon of heroes opens new opportunities for consolidation and solidarity of Ukrainians.
The article is devoted to the study of the biggest challenges, threats and dangers for modern Ukrainianness. The issue of challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukraine and Ukrainianness since 1991 is very relevant today. Scientists who work in the field of crisisology distinguish the concepts of «challenges», «threats», «dangers», «crises», «risks», «catastrophes», «collapse», «wreck», etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of our study is a combination of scientific potential of crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies. Crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies face the task of transdisciplinary understanding of the essence and severity of these challenges, threats and dangers, which are relevant in many areas such as military-defense, geopolitical, demographic, state-building, spiritual worldview, ecological, economics, energy, information, cultural and artistic, linguistic, moral and ethical, scientific, nation-building, educational, political and legal, social, territorial, technological, financial, etc. To these are added threats and dangers: 1) large-scale war with Russia; 2) total spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine; 3) the implementation of a new geostrategic course in Russia (called «geopolitical revenge»); 4) spreading the ideology of the «Russian world», intensifying new attempts by the Russian Federation to dismember Ukraine, supporting separatization and federalization of Ukraine; 5) possible escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian and Armenian-Azerbaijani conflicts, which could lead to a new global confrontation and even a world war; 6) ineffective fight against corruption in Ukraine; 7) the lack of a proper response from the authorities to the need to immediately end Russia's information and psychological war against Ukraine; 8) destruction of small and medium business and further financial and economic stratification of Ukrainian society; 9) procrastination with the solution of the poverty problem (in conditions when about 60% of Ukrainians are below the poverty line); 10) possible man-made disasters in Ukraine; 11) possible transformation of Ukraine from a subject into an object of international relations; 12) possible rejection of European integration; 13) discrediting the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity, in order to spread Russian narratives about the coup in Ukraine; 14) intensification of interfaith conflicts in Ukraine; 15) inadequate decision-making by incompetent authorities (threat of economic decline and large-scale financial crisis in Ukraine, possible change in Ukraine's vector of development, threat of capitulation, refusal of the authorities to resolve the «Ukrainian crisis» (which began after Russia's aggression and has become a factor influencing the security of Europe and the world) from the standpoint of Ukraine as a subject, not an object); 16) refusal to solve the problems of internally displaced persons; 17) possible «freezing» of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict in order to further destabilize Ukraine; 18) strengthening of geopolitical and geoeconomic instability, intensification of intercivilizational and geopolitical confrontation in the world; 19) possible decline of democracy and rise of authoritarianism in Ukraine; 20) expansion of the border with Russia (in case of its absorption of Belarus); 21) possible disintegration of Ukrainian society and world Ukrainiannes; 22) further violation of international law by the Russian Federation; 23) exacerbation of the economic and migration crisis in Europe; 24) radicalization of part of the Islamic world; 25) due to the collapse of the USSR. The challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukrainians can unfold at the global, continental and national levels. Ukrainians must find adequate answers to modern challenges and mechanisms to minimize threats and dangers; ensure stable economic growth; to create a powerful system of national security, army and defense-industrial complex; find ways to ensure national interests in the current crisis; to develop optimal models for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, reintegrating the population of the occupied territories and restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine.
