Suchergebnisse

This essay outlines the role that the national parliaments of federal and regional states can play in the context of the multilevel governance of the EU.The methods of coordination between national parliaments and sub-state territorial bodies areanalysed. They express a bilateral process that moves as much on the European side as on the internal one, potentially giving life to a system that can significantly contribute to the process of European integration, andthat appears to be one of the essential tools to make up, at least partially, to the"democratic disconnect"of the European Union.

The article deals with the problem of the legal nature of the d.P.C.M., the act enacted by the government after the declaration of the health emergency. In particular, the paper aims at investigating the debate around the technical re- quirements in the political decision and the judicial review on the administra- tive measure, in order to verify their compliance with the Constitution.

Several legal systems use algorithms (even non-deterministic ones) to take administrative decisions although in some of them there are not specific legislative provisions admitting "not-human" decisions. Principles and rules related to administrative procedures have been elaborated having regard to human interactions and decisions while new legal implications arise from automated decision-making processes. Italian constitution and EU primary and secondary law (GDPR) require an ad hoc legal basis to allow a public body to take an algorithmicbased decision. Such a legal basis should also properly safeguard citizens' rights in connection with "not-human" decision-making processes. ; Gli algoritmi, anche di tipo non deterministico, sono già utilizzati nell'assunzione di decisioni amministrative sebbene manchi in alcuni ordinamenti una norma di legge che ammetta espressamente tale possibilità. I principi e le regole che disciplinano il procedimento sono stati costruiti intorno alla decisione "umana", mentre dalla decisione algoritmica derivano questioni giuridiche nuove e del tutto peculiari. I principi costituzionali e il diritto europeo primario e derivato (GDPR) impongono che sia una norma di legge ad ammettere la decisione amministrativa algoritmica prevedendo anche adeguate garanzie per gli interessi dei cittadini dinnanzi alla nuova realtà.

The article highlights the decline of the duty to state reasons both in administrative acts and judicial decisions. Essentially, albeit not exclusively, case law plays a key role in depreciation of the general duty to state reasons for administrative acts. This happens through different manifestations (lack of reasoning, implicit statement of reasons, sufficient or posthumous statement of reasons) and concerns even discretionary administrative acts. Likewise, the duty to state reasons for judicial decisions is going through a process of progressive emptying, both by legislature initiatives and case-law. Even in this case, the phenomenon is general and transversal, covering both administrative courts and civil courts decisions. It has different manifestations, such as simplified statement of reasons or statement of reasons per relationem. The decline of the duty to state reasons leads to a return to the past, when all that matter was the decision. The statement of reasons relates instead to legitimization and rationalization of public power. The lack of the statement of reasons is the essential means of arbitrary exercise of power.

The efficacy of rule and law is founded on a political decision-making whenthe State is devoid by its unity and its sovereignty in a state of emergency.In this moment the Constitution can bring the opportunity toward a custody of human rights and foundamental freedoms, just when the crisis might put out.