Suchergebnisse

Rosja zawsze była państwem, które dążyło, aby być mocarstwem. Nawet jeżeli straciło znaczenie po rozpadzie ZSRR, to chęć powrotu jako twórcy porządku międzynarodowego, wymusza wypracowanie nowej strategii, która przewiduje użycie środków soft power. Stanowi to pewną przeszkodę dla Rosji, która tradycyjnie przygotowana jest do użycia sił zbrojnych czy presji ekonomicznej. Dużo gorzej jest z wykorzystaniem wartości, które w zamierzeniach Moskwy powinny być różne od Zachodu. Wynikało to z tego, że Rosja stara się stworzyć konkurencyjny do zachodu projekt soft power. Rosja stara się dobrze wykorzystać swoją dyplomację, w tym cyfrową, umiejętnie jej używając nawet jako narzędzi propagandy czy walki w cyberprzestrzeni. ; Russia has always been a country seeking the Great Power status. Even though it lost its importance after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the desire to return to the role of the creator of international order force it to introduce new strategy that will implement soft power resources. This represents a certain obstacle for Russia, which traditionally is accustomed to hard power resources like economic pressure or the use of armed forces. Culture is Russia's soft power resource that is significant. Values can be more problematic for Russia, because in Moscow's intentions they should be different from the Western values. Russia is trying to create an alternative soft power project, competitive to that of the West. Russia is trying to make good use of its diplomacy, including digital diplomacy, in order to show the use of its hard power to be seen as soft.

Rosja zawsze była państwem, które dążyło, aby być mocarstwem. Nawet jeżeli straciło tematyce bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. W odniesieniu do roku 2016 autor dokonał (siłą rzeczy) subiektywnego wyboru tekstów, które znalazły się na łamach czterech publikacji- ,,Bellony", ,,Rocznika Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego", ,,Rocznika Strategicznego" oraz ,,Stosunków Międzynarodowych". W naturalny sposób tematyka podejmowana przez autorów rzeczonych publikacji stanowi odzwierciedlenie obecnego stanu międzynarodowego środowiska bezpieczeństwa oraz prognoz co do kierunków jego dalszej ewolucji. ; Russia has always been a country seeking the Great Power status. Even though it lost its importance after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the desire to return to the role of the creator of international order force it to introduce new strategy that will implement soft power resources. This represents a certain obstacle for Russia, which traditionally is accustomed to hard power resources like economic pressure or the use of armed forces. Culture is Russia's soft power resource that is significant. Values can be more problematic for Russia, because in Moscow's intentions they should be different from the Western values. Russia is trying to create an alternative soft power project, competitive to that of the West. Russia is trying to make good use of its diplomacy, including digital diplomacy, in order to show the use of its hard power to be seen as soft.

В статье рассматриваются показатели «мягкой силы» Колумбии согласно подходу RGMs. Руководствуясь статистическими данными, автор анализирует сильные и слабые стороны в сложившихся условиях политической турбулентности. ; The article deals with indicators of Colombia's soft power, according to the RGMs system. Guided statistics, the author analyzes the strengths and weaknesses in the current context of political turbulence.

India is a country experiencing tremendous eco­nomic growth while its political ambitions are aiming higher and higher as well. The country is trying to increase its global power using re­sources and instruments of soft power. India is learning this art anew, using its rich culture and reaching back to its past traditions. References made to religious diversity and democracy are another powerful tool in the state arsenal.There has been a reorientation in foreign policy as well, which refocused on supporting the state's economic development by seeking and maintaining good relations with foreign countries. Soft power instruments have grown in importance, especially as concerns culture and values, which combined with peaceful poli­cies made for a truly great opportunity of using soft power.

India is a country experiencing tremendous eco­nomic growth while its political ambitions are aiming higher and higher as well. The country is trying to increase its global power using re­sources and instruments of soft power. India is learning this art anew, using its rich culture and reaching back to its past traditions. References made to religious diversity and democracy are another powerful tool in the state arsenal.There has been a reorientation in foreign policy as well, which refocused on supporting the state's economic development by seeking and maintaining good relations with foreign countries. Soft power instruments have grown in importance, especially as concerns culture and values, which combined with peaceful poli­cies made for a truly great opportunity of using soft power.

Navies and Soft Power: Historical Case Studies of Naval Power and the Nonuse of Military Force, edited by Bruce A. Elleman and S. C. M. Paine, presents nine historical cases of the use of navies in nonmilitary missions. These studies, by established and emerging scholars in a wide variety of fields, support current U.S. Navy attempts to balance war fighting with an ever broader array of nonmilitary missions. They remind us that naval "soft power" concerns date from antiquity and that those facing the U.S. Navy have now become remarkably diverse. ; https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-newport-papers/1041/thumbnail.jpg

In the Netherlands, there is the tradition of appointing a National Architect. This function expanded over time into an advisor for a national policy for built infrastructure and later for large national projects as well. Today, it is an advisory team, called the 'College van Rijks Adviseurs' (CRa), which consists of an urbanist, an architect and a landscape architect. Their impact is giving the national government (unsolicited) advice by the power of design, of demonstration; a 'soft power'. The red line in the story of the CRa is the need for a new chapter in Dutch spatial planning. They therefore created Panorama NL, an advice to the national government on how to develop a spatial vision for the Netherlands, what it includes, and how to formulate it, and which partners to include. Panorama NL is about storytelling, about how to offer a positive perspective in society to everyone. It is a book and it is also an app, in which you can see literally 360-degree panorama at eye level. Panorama NL paints a picture of what we should do and why we should do it. But the next question is: 'How do we actually do it?' This led to a competition called 'Panorama Lokaal' (the local panorama), which looks into post-war residential neighborhoods at a city's fringe, facing the countryside. Municipalities are challenged to think about how global and national challenges could help to qualitatively improve these areas. A new situation: national government is no more just providing funding but also needs to participate with a vision, be able to organize partnerships, with the most important scale of operations being the regional scale. This means that people need to be educated differently; at the ministry, at the national government level, and also at the university. The aim is to create T-shaped skills: a specialist in one specific domain or profession, but also able to communicate their specialist knowledge with people from totally different backgrounds, like economists or sociologists, laymen or politicians. It is regaining the Dutch Urbanism Approach: the ability to create a vision and develop it through an interdisciplinary approach into an integrated design.

В статье рассматривается роль языка как специфического инструмента «soft power» в контексте осуществления внешней политики. На примере Азербайджана анализируется потенциал использования иностранных языков (русского и английского) с целью продвижения национальных интересов на международной арене как внешними акторами, так и представителями государственных органов и гражданского общества Азербайджанской Республики. ; This article examines the role of the language as a specific tool of "soft power" in the context of realization of foreign policy. The potential of the use of foreign languages (Russian and English) for the promotion of the national interests in the international arena both by external actors and by the representatives of government and civil society has been analyzed in the example of Republic of Azerbaijan.

This article explores the concepts of "soft power" and "cultural diplomacy" from both a theoretical perspective as well as thinking about how they manifest in practice. Britain is used as a case study to demonstrate how these terms have shifted in line with the advancement of neoliberal politics. Any belief in intercultural cooperation has been usurped by the notion of global competition, wholeheartedly embraced by market-oriented Western nations. As soft power relies on the resources of the State, its corporations, industries and institutions, wealthy nations will always have the monopoly. This article argues that at a time when power is shifting to the East and the Global South, culture remains one of the last enduring weapons through which traditionally powerful states attempt to resist or slow down the changing world order. Soft power becomes a means by which the existing hegemony is reimagined, repackaged, and reaffirmed.

India's soft power is on the rise, in parallel with its economic power as one of the fastest growing major economies in the world. This chapter discusses India's soft power within four domains: firstly, the democratic strengths of India, a particular distinction among the BRICS countries. As the world's largest democracy, India has retained and arguably strengthened democracy in a multi-lingual, multi-racial and multi-religious society. The second domain examines the diasporic dimension of India's international presence, increasingly viewed by Indian government and corporates as a vital resource for its soft power. As the world's largest English-language speaking diaspora, the Indian presence is visible across the globe. The third domain focuses on the emergence of an Indian internet – part of the Indian government's 'Digital India' initiative, launched in 2015 - and its potential for becoming the world's largest 'open' internet. The chapter argues that, with the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi the push for digital commerce and communication is likely to increase. Already home to the world's second largest internet population, its creative and cultural industries, notably Bollywood, have the potential to circulate across various digital domains, resulting in globalized production, distribution and consumption practices. However, the chapter argues that these three domains of soft power will remain ineffective until India is able to eliminate its pervasive and persistent poverty, afflicting large number of its citizens.

Abstract. With the emergence of first political structures of the world, struggles between them gave rise to the concept of power. Since the ancient times, power has played an important role in the concept of international relations and made a significant contribution to the establishment of the discipline as an autonomous structure. The concept of power, which has always maintained its importance, has evolved in time and, for the time being, is known for its rather soft side. In this century, many academic studies that dealt with the soft side of the power have been published, however, while being mentioned in popular publications, the concept has not been favored in the academic publications in Turkey. With this dissertation that is the first study that deals with the soft power within the context of international relations, we intended to contribute to the filling of the void in the Turkish literature. For this purpose, we first discussed the concept of power and the soft power in every aspect. Afterwards, we analyzed the soft power potential of Turkey culturally, politically and within the frame of foreign affairs practices and essentially in the context of Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia regions. As the soft power sources that may influence the national politics may vary for every country, we chose Azerbaijan as the model of this study and sought for an answer to the question, "How Turkey can possibly/efficiently have the soft power influence over Azerbaijan?". As the hypothesis of the study and the answer of the question, we considered the cultural link between these two countries would constitute the most important and effective soft power source. In the conclusion of the study, we interviewed a group of fifteen Azerbaijanis that consisted NGO members, journalists and academicians thus proved the hypothesis of the study.Keywords. Soft Power, Azerbaijan, Culture, Political Values, Foreign Affairs.JEL. B30, H19, H70, L31, P40.

The concept of the existence of the Soft Power, developed by Joseph Nye, and which is based upon the resources that deepen the power of a State, may be identified today with other actors of the international scenario and the international organizations. The dynamics of the international cooperation, within these organizations, seem to accompany the existence of this type of power. And it is in this way that the phenomenon of the Francophonie has turned out to be a breeding ground for the study of a model of Soft Power which is exerted in the institutional level within organizations like the International Organization of la Francophonie – OIF – and in relation to the United Nations Organizations – UNO – and its operators like UNESCO, and in the bilateral level between States, for example, in the relationship of bilateral cooperation between France and Colombia. In order to verify such a statement, this research shows both a quantitative and qualitative reading of the actions which make evident the existence of such a type of power which turns out to be essential. ; Peer reviewed

Rising powers gain economic and political clout and challenge the post-Cold War world order. Located in a relatively peaceful region away from global conflict zones, Brazil has fought no war with its neighbours in 150 years, and with limited military capabilities, Brazil differs from its BRICS peers as a non-militarised emerging power. Based on Nye's soft power concept, this article examines Brazil's soft power characteristics (preference for diplomacy, peaceful conflict resolution, use of force as a last resort; actions as agenda-setter, bridge-builder, Southern interests' supporter, pro-multilateralism, etc.). This paper compares Brazil's role conception to its role performance to conclude that Brazil projects itself as a soft power broker.

Until recently, the State of Qatar remained little recognized throughout the world. However, as a result of a well-considered and long-term brand building strategy, linked closely to foreign and security policy, Qatar has become not only a globally recognized country, but also – due to the disproportion between its geographical size and its impact on international activities – a trustworthy brand that is known and respected in the most important political and business circles. The main goal of this paper is to analyze one of the elements of Qatar's brand building strategy, which is the use of sport for political purposes, and to answer the question as to what degree sport in the analyzed case can help with accomplishing those strategic objectives. To do so, the paper will analyze both the internal and external (international) dimensions of Qatar's sports policy. ; Do niedawna Katar pozostawał państwem mało rozpoznawalnym na świecie. W wyniku przemyślanej, wieloletniej strategii budowy marki, powiązanej ściśle z polityką zagraniczną i bezpieczeństwa, Katar stał się nie tylko rozpoznawalnym w skali globu państwem, ale za sprawą nieproporcjonalnej do swego geograficznego rozmiaru aktywności międzynarodowej godną zaufania marką, znaną i szanowaną na najważniejszych salonach politycznych i w kręgach dużego biznesu. Celem głównym niniejszego artykułu jest zanalizowanie jednego z elementów strategii budowania międzynarodowejmarki Kataru, jaką jest wykorzystanie sportu w celach politycznych oraz odpowiedzenia na pytanie, na ile sport w niniejszym przypadku pozwala zrealizować zakładane cele strategiczne. By to zrobić, w pracy zanalizowano wymiar wewnętrzny i zewnętrzny (międzynarodowy) polityki sportowej Kataru.

Do niedawna Katar pozostawał państwem mało rozpoznawalnym na świecie. W wyniku przemyślanej, wieloletniej strategii budowy marki, powiązanej ściśle z polityką zagraniczną i bezpieczeństwa, Katar stał się nie tylko rozpoznawalnym w skali globu państwem, ale za sprawą nieproporcjonalnej do swego geograficznego rozmiaru aktywności międzynarodowej godną zaufania marką, znaną i szanowaną na najważniejszych salonach politycznych i w kręgach dużego biznesu. Celem głównym niniejszego artykułu jest zanalizowanie jednego z elementów strategii budowania międzynarodowej marki Kataru, jaką jest wykorzystanie sportu w celach politycznych oraz odpowiedzenia na pytanie, na ile sport w niniejszym przypadku pozwala zrealizować zakładane cele strategiczne. By to zrobić, w pracy zanalizowano wymiar wewnętrzny i zewnętrzny (międzynarodowy) polityki sportowej Kataru. ; Until recently, the State of Qatar remained little recognized throughout the world. However, as a result of a well-considered and long-term brand building strategy, linked closely to foreign and security policy, Qatar has become not only a globally recognized country, but also – due to the disproportion between its geographical size and its impact on international activities – a trustworthy brand that is known and respected in the most important political and business circles. The main goal of this paper is to analyze one of the elements of Qatar's brand building strategy, which is the use of sport for political purposes, and to answer the question as to what degree sport in the analyzed case can help with accomplishing those strategic objectives. To do so, the paper will analyze both the internal and external (international) dimensions of Qatar's sports policy.