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This paper deals with the economic performance of various population groups in Germany giving special attention to ethnic origin of immigrants as compared to the native born German population. In addition, winners and losers of the re-distribution process, induced by the tax and social security system, are identified. This is done by considering different components of market and non-market income as well as taxes and social security contributions. This income portfolio analysis is based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel covering the observation years 1995 to 1997. Population subgroups are made up of West Germans, East Germans, and immigrants; the latter being split into Ethnic Migrants (Aussiedler) and foreigners. Immigrants are differentiated according to their state of assimilation: those immigrants living together with a native born adult German ("mixed" immigrants) and others ("pure" immigrants). In order to control for any retirement related impact we run all analyses for the total population as well as for those who live in households with a head of prime age. Our results show that immigrants are a very heterogeneous group with respect to their economic performance. The well-assimilated "mixed" immigrants have an even better relative income position than the autochthonous West German population. In general, we confirm the well-known poor market performance of immigrants. However, also immigrants´ non-market incomes are atypically low (except for those of "pure" Aussiedler), mainly due to their age structure, resulting in lower eligibility for and receipt of old age pensions. Non-market incomes of younger immigrants are somewhat higher than those of the autochthonous West German population, but still much lower when compared to the East German population.Analyzing the re-distribution effect caused by public transfers, old age pensions, and tax and social security contributions, we find that immigrants as a whole are (slightly) net payers. Again, "pure" Aussiedler are an exception. When focusing only on younger people, the situation is reversed, and immigrants profit slightly. This is due to above average non-market income of "pure" immigrants. However, East Germans are still much better off. The question which remains to be answered is whether these differences stem from an immigrant specific effect per se or whether they are influenced by underlying social structure differences. Using random-effects models to control for various socio-economic measures, we find that non-German immigrants remain net payers. In addition, immigrants' need of being subsidized by the re-distribution process rapidly and strongly decreases with progressing duration of stay in Germany. On the other hand, the subgroups substantially profiting from the re-distribution process are "pure" Aussiedler and East Germans. This means - at least in our static "snapshot" analysis - that the "classic" immigrants (of non-German nationality) are no economic burden to the autochthonous population.

General Aspects -- Prioritizing Symbiosis to Sustain Biodiversity: Are Symbionts Keystone Species? -- Morphological Aspects of Symbiosis -- Symbioses and their Consequences for Community and Applied Ecology -- Origin & Evolution -- What's in a Tree? -- The Commonality of Cyanobacterial Endosymbioses Does Not Support the Endosymbiotic Theory for Origin of Eukaryotic Organelles -- Non Symbiotic Origin of Locomotory Organelles -- The Cyanelle (Muroplast) of Cyanophora Paradoxa: A Paradigm for Endosymbiotic Organelle Evolution -- The Syntrophy Hypothesis for the Origin of Eukaryotes -- Thermodynamic Ecology of Hydrogen-Based Syntrophy -- Nutritional Syntrophies and Consortia as Models for the Origin of Mitochondria -- Reversion of Endosymbiosis? -- Symbiosomes -- The Absence of Nitrogen-Fixing Organelles Due to Timing of the Nitrogen Crisis -- Nucleus Symbiosis Hypothesis Formation of Eukaryotic Cell Nuclei by the Symbiosis of Archaea in Bacteria -- Bacteria, Cyanobacteria & Algae -- Phototrophic Consortia: A Tight Cooperation Between Non-Related Eubacteria -- Structure and Phylogeny of Cyanophora Species -- The Microenvironment and Photosynthetic Performance of Prochloron SP. in Symbiosis with Didemnid Ascidians -- Fungi Symbiosis -- Survival Strategies in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbionts -- Three Part Harmony — Ascophyllum and Its Symbionts -- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Endobacteria -- Lichens -- Origin and Evolution of Green Lichen Algae -- Lichenization of the Trentepohliales -- Trebouxia: Reflections on a Perplexing and Controversial Lichen Photobiont -- Symbiosis in Plants -- Algae Living on Trees -- Cycad Coralloid Roots Housing Cyanobacteria -- Evolution of Epichloë/Neotyphodium Endophytes and Other Clavicipitalean Biotrophs -- The Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Host Plant Morphogenesis -- Association with Protozoa -- Anaerobic Ciliates and Their Metahanogenic Endosymbionts -- Endosymbiosis of Beta-Proteobacteria in Trypanosomatid Protozoa -- Ectosymbiosis in Ciliated Protozoa -- Living Sands: Symbiosis between Foraminifera and Algae -- Protistan-Prokaryotic Symbioses in Deep-Sea Sulfidic Sediments -- Symbiosis in Insects and Higher Animals -- Sponge/Algal Symbioses: A Diversity of Associations -- The Taxonomy and Evolution of the Zooxanthellae-Coral Symbiosis -- Algal Symbiosis in Flatworms -- Trichomycetes: Fungi in Relationship with Insects and Other Arthropods -- Evolution of Ascomycota-Arthropoda Symbioses -- The Laboulbeniales — An Enigmatic Group of Arthropod-Associated Fungi -- Wolbachia-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility -- How do Wolbachia Symbionts Increase the Proportion of Females in Their Hosts? -- Genome of Buchnera sp. Aps, an Intracellular Symbiotic Bacterium of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum -- The Functions of Symbiotic Micro-Organisms in Insects -- Ants, Agriculture, and Antibiotics -- Termite Hindgut Symbionts -- Symbiosis in the Termite Gut -- Cultivation of Symbiotic Fungi by Termites of the Subfamily Macrotermitinae -- Cospeciation Between Hosts and Symbionts:.

1 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation: UV-A in Perspective -- 2 Sources of UV-A -- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation -- Summary -- Artificial Sources of UV-A -- Ultraviolet Spectral Transmission and Reflection of Common Materials -- References -- 3 Radiometry of Ultraviolet Radiation -- and General Considerations of Radiometry -- Detectors -- Spectral Filters and Input Optics -- Appendix: U.S. Manufacturers of UV-Related Instrumentation -- 4 Optical Properties of the Skin and Eyes -- Structure of the Skin -- Factors Affecting Penetration and Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Skin -- Measurements of the Penetration and Reflection of Optical Radiation in Skin -- Ultraviolet Optics for the Eye -- References -- 5 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microorganisms and Animal Cells -- Effect of Ultraviolet on Cells -- DNA Repair -- Effects of UV-A -- Summary -- References -- 6 Immediate and Short-Term Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Normal Skin -- Erythema -- Histology -- UV and Epidermal Macromolecular Synthesis -- Effects of UV-A on Mucous Membrane -- Tanning -- References -- 7 Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to UV-A -- Chemical Photosensitivity -- Persistent Light Reactivity -- Actinic Reticuloid -- Polymorphous Light Eruption -- Solar Urticaria -- Porphyrias and Other Endogenous Photosensitization Syndromes -- Melasma and Ephelides -- Management of U V-A-Induced Dermatoses -- References -- 8 Skin Aging and Carcinogenesis Due to Ultraviolet Radiation -- Incidence of Skin Cancers in Man -- Epidemiologic Evidence Supporting the Role of Sunlight -- Mechanisms of UV Carcinogenesis -- Action Spectrum of Animal Photocarcinogenesis and the Carcinogenic Effects of UV-A -- Other Factors Influencing or Associated with Development of Skin Cancer -- Ultraviolet Radiation and Aging -- References -- 9 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Eye -- Morphology and Histology of the Cornea and the Lens -- Histologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Action Spectrum of Ocular Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Corneal and Lenticular Effects of Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation -- Effects of U V-A in the Retina -- The Ocular Effects of UV-A Exposure in the Presence of Photosensitizing Compounds (Psoralens) -- Summary: UV-A Exposure of the Eye -- References -- 10 Uses of UV-A Involving Exposure of Humans -- Therapeutic Uses of Ultraviolet Radiation -- Ultraviolet Treatment of Psoriasis -- Photochemotherapy -- Oral Psoralen Photochemotherapy -- UV-A-Activated Polymerization of Resinous Dental Restorations -- Diagnostic Uses of UV-A -- References -- 11 Safety Measures and Protection Against Ultraviolet Exposure -- Ultraviolet Exposure Safety Standards -- Sunscreens -- Eye Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation -- References.

Overview of the Project "Development of Forest Resources with High Performance for Paper Recycling" -- Near Infrared Spectroscopy: A Tool for the Rapid Estimation of Wood Properties -- Forest Diversity and Pulp Quality: Some Tools for Wooden Raw Material Strategies for the Pulp Paper Industry -- Feasibility Study of Tree Selection for High Pulp Yield, Brightness and Recyclable Chemithermomechanical Paper Production Using Eucalyptus globulus -- Toward the Construction of an Efficient Link Between Forest Recycling and Paper Recycling Using Trees with High Performance for Paper Recycling -- Chemical Aspects of Photo-Yellowing of High-Yield Pulps -- Production of High Brightness CTMP from Eucalyptus globulus and Their Light-Induced Color Reversion -- Characterization of Photo-Yellowing Trigger Compounds Repressing Paper Recyclability of Eucalyptus globulus by Pyrolysis-GC/MS -- Fiber Properties and Papermaking Potential of Recycled Acacia Pulp -- The Impact of Chemical Composition of Pulp Fiber Cell Wall on Paper Recycling Potential of Fibers -- Limitation of Fiber Fractionation-Refining Process to Improve Paper Strength Using Recycled OCC Pulp -- Refining Treatment Could Contribute to Restoring the Strength Properties of OCC Pulp -- Formation and Structure of Reaction Wood Fibers Forming No G-Layer in Some Hardwood Species -- Radial Variation of Cell Morphology in Three Acacia Species -- Within-Tree Variation of Detailed Fiber Morphology and Its Position Representing the Whole-Tree Value in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus -- Within-Tree Variation of Vessel Morphology and Frequency and Representative Heights for Estimating the Whole-Tree Values in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus -- Representative Heights Assessing Whole-Tree Values and the Within-Tree Variations of Derived Wood Properties in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus -- Rapid Assessment of Vessel Morphology by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography -- Assessment of Vessel Anatomical Features in Eucalyptus camaldulensis by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography -- Rapid Characterization of Total Fatty Acids in Wood by Reactive Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography with Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide -- Effect of Deuterium Exchange in Lignin on Its Structural Analysis Using FT-Raman Spectroscopy -- Direct Analysis of Condensed Tannins in Bark by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Solid Sample Preparation -- Tannin and Related Polyphenolic Components from Tropical Tree Spcies -- Characterization of Natural Resin Shellac by Reactive Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography -- Conversion Pattern of Lignocellulosics in the Phase-Separation System -- An Essay on the Fine Structure of the Wood Cell Wall Related to the Physical Properties of the Recycled Paper -- Wood Qualities of Some Tropical Plantation Species — Does Hastening the Growth Debase the Quality? -- Research on Efficient Use of Forest Products — Engineering Evaluation of Good Tactile Warmth for Wood -- Possible Effects of Properties in Polyphenol Oxidases on Rooting Ability of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Cutting Shoots -- Stable Isotope Tracer Experiments Give Strong Evidence Supporting a Controversial Pathway in Lignin Biosynthesis -- Characterization of Potassium Channels from Arabidopsis thaliana -- A New Combination Device Comprised of Surface Plasmon Resonance and Fluorescence Microscopy for a Rapid Screening of Anticancer Phenolic Compounds -- The Feasibility of a Biotest Battery Applicability to Construct an Early Warning System for Leachate from Solid Wastes and Recycled Materials -- List of Authors.

INTRODUCTION: THE REEF PHENOMENON -- INTO THE INTIMACY OF CORALS, BUILDERS OF THE SEA -- 1 TAXONOMIC AFFILIATION -- 1.1 Systematic classification of cnidarians -- 1.2 Scleractinians -- 2 MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY -- 2.1 Polyp anatomy -- 2.2 Reproduction -- 2.2.1 Sexual reproduction -- 2.2.2 Asexual reproduction -- 2.3 Anatomy of calcareous skeletons -- 2.4 Coral colonies -- 2.4.1 Corallite arrangement -- 2.4.2 Colony morphology -- 3 SYMBIOSIS -- 4 BIOMINERALIZATION -- 4.1 Calicoderm and biomineralization -- 4.2 Skeletons and biomineralization -- 4.3 Interface between calicoderm and skeleton -- 4.4 Principles of calcification -- 5 NUTRITION -- 5.1 Prey capture -- 5.2 Food -- 5.3 Autotrophy -- THE MODERN TIMES -- 1 BIOZONATION -- 2 REEF MORPHOTYPES -- 2.1 Fringing reefs -- 2.2 Barrier reefs -- 2.3 Atolls -- 2.4 Bank reefs -- 2.5 High carbonate islands -- 3 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION -- 3.1 Ecological control -- 3.2 Tectonic control -- 3.3 Eustatic control -- 3.4 Topographic control -- 4 REEF GROWTH -- 4.1 Vertical growth strategies -- 4.1.1 Controlling factors -- 4.1.2 Give-up growth -- 4.1.3 Keep-up growth -- 4.1.4 Catch-up mode -- 4.2 Lateral growth -- 5 MORPHO-SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES -- 5.1 Bioconstruction -- 5.2 Erosion -- 5.3 Bioaccumulation -- 5.4 Cementation -- 6 INTERNAL STRUCTURE -- 6.1 Nature and distribution of facies -- 6.1.1 Framework facies -- 6.1.2 Detrital facies -- 6.1.3 Facies distribution and hydrodynamics -- 6.2 The different structural models -- 7 A BRIEF HISTORY OF REEF DEVELOPMENT -- 7.1 The climatic context -- 7.2 History of reef development since the last deglaciation -- 7.3 Reef history throughout the Pleistocene -- 8 RECORD OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES -- 8.1 Record at the coral colony scale -- 8.1.1 Temperature -- 8.1.2 Salinometry -- 8.1.3 Rainfall -- 8.1.4 pH measurement -- 8.1.5 Photometry -- 8.1.6 Current measurement -- 8.2 Record at the scale of a reef edifice -- 8.2.1 Reef flats and micro-atolls -- 8.2.2 Arrangement of coral communities -- 8.2.3 Arrangement of reef edifices -- THE LONG MARCH OF CORALS -- 1 THE TIME OF THE ORIGINS -- 1.1 Early Earth and the first traces of life -- 1.2 Evolution of the atmosphere -- 1.3 Geochemical model of the early ocean -- 1.4 Emergence of biomineralization -- 1.5 The early calcifying organisms and cnidarians -- 1.6 The earliest corals -- 1.7 The appearance of scleractinian corals -- 2 THE TIME OF DIVERSIFICATION -- 2.1 Coral-algae symbiosis -- 2.1.1 Acquiring photosymbiosis -- 2.1.2 Evidence of photosymbiosis -- 2.1.3 Symbiosis and coloniality -- 2.2 A brief history of coral and reef building -- 2.2.1 Paleozoic times -- 2.2.2 Mesozoic times -- 2.2.3 Cenozoic times -- THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF THE REEF PHENOMENON -- 1 CAUSES -- 1.1 Causal relationships -- 1.2 Gas emissions and volcanic products -- 1.3 Methane emissions -- 1.4 Thermogenic gases -- 1.5 The fall of celestial bodies -- 1.6 Behaviour of organisms facing environmental disturbances -- 1.7 Disturbances induced by CO2 and ocean acidification -- 1.8 Thermal shocks -- 1.9 Disturbances induced by ocean deoxygenation -- 2 THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL CRISES -- 2.1 The Cambrian crises -- 2.2 The major crisis of the Ordovician end -- 2.3 The minor crises of the Silurian -- 2.4 The successive crises of the Devonian -- 2.5 The Permian crises -- 2.6 The Triassic crises -- 2.7 The lower Jurassic crisis -- 2.8 The Jurassic–Cretaceous transition (J–K) -- 2.9 The Cretaceous–Paleogene crisis -- 2.10 The Paleocene–Eocene crisis -- 2.11 The Eocene–Oligocene transition -- 2.12 The Oligocene end to the Plio-Quaternary -- 3 THE RESPONSE OF CORALS AND REEFS TO CRISES: FROM EXTINCTION TO RECOVERY -- 3.1 At the Ordovician end -- 3.2 During the Silurian -- 3.3 During the Devonian -- 3.4 At the Permian -- 3.5 At the Permian–Triassic boundary -- 3.6 From the middle to the end of the Triassic -- 3.7 During the Jurassic -- 3.8 From the upper Jurassic to the lower Cretaceous -- 3.9 At the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) transition -- 3.10 From the Paleocene to the Eocene -- 3.11 From the Oligocene to the Miocene -- 3.12 During the Plio-Quaternary -- 4 CONCLUSIONS -- CORAL REEFS IN THE FACE OF THEIR FATE -- 1 DISRUPTIVE AGENTS IN ACTION -- 1.1 Carbon dioxide and rising surface water temperatures -- 1.2 Carbon dioxide and its effects on the carbonate cycle -- 1.3 Carbon dioxide and ocean acidification -- 1.4 The other disruptive agents -- 2 THE RESPONSE OF CORALS AND CORAL REEFS -- 2.1 Temperature rise of surface waters -- 2.2 To acidification -- 2.3 To other disruptive agents -- 3 THE EVOLUTION OF CORAL ISLETS -- 3.1 The modes of low-lying island formation -- 3.2 Future evolution of low-lying islands: maintenance, reduction, or destruction? -- CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDICE.

1 Historical Introduction -- I Clinical Background -- 2 The Syndromes of Generalized Epilepsy -- 3 Unanswered Clinical Questions in Generalized Epilepsy -- 4 The Relationship Between Sleep Spindles and Spike-and-Wave Bursts in Human Epilepsy -- II Fundamental Cellular and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms -- 5 Membrane Properties of Cat Betz Cells Studied In Vitro -- 6 Changes in Extracellular Ions Associated with Epileptiform Discharges -- 7 Role of Neurotransmitters in the Genesis of Epileptiform Discharges -- 8 Excitant Amino Acids in Epilepsy -- 9 Possible Epileptogenic Consequences of Misused GABAergic Relationships -- 10 Anticonvulsant Effects of Intracortical Chronic Infusion of GABA in Generalized Epilepsy -- 11 In Vitro Electrophysiology of a Genetic Model of Generalized Epilepsy -- III Thalamic and Cortical Mechanisms in Absence Attacks -- 12 Spindling, Incremental Thalamocortical Responses, and Spike-Wave Epilepsy -- 13 Physiology of Thalamic Relay Neurons: Properties of Calcium Currents Involved in Burst-Firing -- 14 Thalamo-Cortical Relationships in Generalized Epilepsy with Bilaterally Synchronous Spike-and-Wave Discharge -- 15 Focal and Generalized Epileptiform Activity in the Cortex: In Search of Differences in Synaptic Mechanisms, Ionic Movements, and Long-Lasting Changes in Neuronal Excitability -- 16 Pharmacology of the Inhibitory Systems in Primary Generalized Epilepsy of "Petit Mal" Type -- 17 Spontaneous Spike-and-Wave Discharges in Wistar Rats: A Model of Genetic Generalized Conconvulsive Epilepsy -- 18 Behavioral and Electrophysiological Studies of Absence Epilepsy -- IV Photosensitivity -- 19 Focal Discharges in Photosensitive Generalized Epilepsy -- 20 Photosensitive Epilepsy of the Baboon: A Generalized Epilepsy with a Motor Cortical Origin -- 21 Role of Dopamine in Generalized Photosensitive Epilepsy: Electroencephalographic and Biochemical Aspects -- 22 Inferences Regarding the Visual Precipitation of Seizures, Eye Strain, and Headaches -- V Generalized Convulsive Seizures -- 23 Animal Models of Generalized Convulsive Seizures: Some Neuroanatomical Differentiation of Seizure Types -- 24 Mechanisms Underlying Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures in the Rat: Functional Significance of Calcium Ions -- 25 Substantia Nigra-Mediated Control of Generalized Seizures -- 26 Mesencephalic Structures and Tonic-Clonic Generalized Seizures -- VI Metabolic and Neurochemical Studies -- 27 Metabolic Studies of Generalized Epilepsy -- 28 PET Studies of Generalized Epilepsy Induced by Convulsant Drugs Acting at the GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex -- 29 Postictal Compensatory Changes in Cortical Alpha-1 Receptors and Adrenergic-Mediated Phosphoinositol Metabolism Following Repeated Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats -- VII Pharmacological Agents and Generalized Seizures -- 30 Cellular Actions of Petit Mal Anticonvulsants: Implication of Thalamic Low-Threshold Calcium Current in Generation of Spike-Wave Discharge -- 31 Mechanisms of Anticonvulsant Action of Valproate: An Overview and Perspective -- 32 Sedative Drug Withdrawal Seizures: Cellular Electrophysiological Mechanisms.

Anything that can be automated, will be. The "magic" that digital technology has brought us -- self-driving cars, Bitcoin, high frequency trading, the internet of things, social networking, mass surveillance, the 2009 housing bubble -- has not been considered from an ideological perspective. The Critique of Digital Capitalism identifies how digital technology has captured contemporary society in a reification of capitalist priorities, and also describes digital capitalism as an ideologically "invisible" framework that is realized in technology. Written as a series of articles between 2003 and 2015, the book provides a broad critical scope for understanding the inherent demands of capitalist protocols for expansion without constraint (regardless of social, legal or ethical limits) that are increasingly being realized as autonomous systems that are no longer dependent on human labor or oversight and implemented without social discussion of their impacts. The digital illusion of infinite resources, infinite production, and no costs appears as an "end to scarcity," whereby digital production supposedly eliminates costs and makes everything equally available to everyone. This fantasy of production without consumption hides the physical costs and real-world impacts of these technologies. The critique introduced in this book develops from basic questions about how digital technologies directly change the structure of society: why is "Digital Rights Management" not only the dominant "solution" for distributing digital information, but also the only option being considered? During the burst of the "Housing Bubble" burst 2009, why were the immaterial commodities being traded of primary concern, but the actual physical assets and the impacts on the people living in them generally ignored? How do surveillance (pervasive monitoring) and agnotology (culturally induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data) coincide as mutually reinforcing technologies of control and restraint? If technology makes the assumptions of its society manifest as instrumentality -- then what ideology is being realized in the form of the digital computer? This final question animates the critical framework this analysis proposes. Digital capitalism is a dramatically new configuration of the historical dynamics of production, labor and consumption that results in a new variant of historical capitalism. This contemporary, globalized network of production and distribution depends on digital capitalism's refusal of established social restraints: existing laws are an impediment to the transcendent aspects of digital technology. Its utopian claims mask its authoritarian result: the superficial "objectivity" of computer systems are supposed to replace established protections with machinic function -- the uniform imposition of whatever ideology informs the design. However, machines are never impartial: they reify the ideologies they are built to enact. The critical analysis of capitalist ideologies as they become digital is essential to challenging this process. Contesting their domination depends on theoretical analysis. This critique challenges received ideas about the relationship between labor, commodity production and value, in the process demonstrating how the historical Marxist analysis depends on assumptions that are no longer valid. This book therefore provides a unique, critical toolset for the analysis of digital capitalist hegemonics.

Tropical coral reefs, one of the world's oldest ecosystems which support some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet, are currently facing an unprecedented ecological crisis during this massive human-activity-induced period of extinction. Hence, tropical reefs symbolically stand for the destructive effects of human activities on nature [4], [5]. Artificial reefs are excellent examples of how architectural design can be combined with ecosystem regeneration [6], [7], [8]. However, to work at the interface between the artificial and the complex and temporal nature of natural systems presents a challenge, i.a. in respect to the B-rep modelling legacy of computational modelling. The presented doctorate investigates strategies on how to apply digital practice to realise what is an essential bulwark to retain reefs in impossibly challenging times. Beyond the main question of integrating computational modelling and high precision monitoring strategies in artificial coral reef design, this doctorate explores techniques, methods, and linking frameworks to support future research and practice in ecology led design contexts. Considering the many existing approaches for artificial coral reefs design, one finds they often fall short in precisely understanding the relationships between architectural and ecological aspects (e.g. how a surface design and material composition can foster coral larvae settlement, or structural three-dimensionality enhance biodiversity) and lack an integrated underwater (UW) monitoring process. Such a process is necessary in order to gather knowledge about the ecosystem and make it available for design, and to learn whether artificial structures contribute to reef regeneration or rather harm the coral reef ecosystem. For the research, empirical experimental methods were applied: Algorithmic coral reef design, high precision UW monitoring, computational modelling and simulation, and validated through parallel real-world physical experimentation – two Artificial Reef Prototypes (ARPs) in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia (2012–today). Multiple discrete methods and sub techniques were developed in seventeen computational experiments and applied in a way in which many are cross valid and integrated in an overall framework that is offered as a significant contribution to the field. Other main contributions include the Ecosystem-aware design approach, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for coral reef design, algorithmic design and fabrication of Biorock cathodes, new high precision UW monitoring strategies, long-term real-world constructed experiments, new digital analysis methods and two new front-end web-based tools for reef design and monitoring reefs. The methodological framework is a finding of the research that has many technical components that were tested and combined in this way for the very first time. In summary, the thesis responds to the urgency and relevance in preserving marine species in tropical reefs during this massive extinction period by offering a differentiated approach towards artificial coral reefs – demonstrating the feasibility of digitally designing such 'living architecture' according to multiple context and performance parameters. It also provides an in-depth critical discussion of computational design and architecture in the context of ecosystem regeneration and Planetary Thinking. In that respect, the thesis functions as both theoretical and practical background for computational design, ecology and marine conservation – not only to foster the design of artificial coral reefs technically but also to provide essential criteria and techniques for conceiving them.

1: Thermodynamics -- Thermodynamics and Engineering Needs -- Statistics of Surface Contact Distributions -- Polymer Melt and Glass: Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects -- A Fresh Look at Solutions of Polymer Mixtures -- Polymer-Polymer Interactions and Phase Diagrams of Compatible Polyblends by Gas-Chromatography -- Application of the Mean-Field Lattice-Gas Model to Partially-Miscible Polymer Systems -- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Mixtures of Statistical Copolymers -- Characterization of Industrial Polymers and Polymer Mixtures by Turbidimetric Measurements at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature -- II: Characterization/Solution Behaviour -- Characterization of Copolymers: Chromatographic Cross-Fractionation Analysis of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers -- CPF: A New Method for Large Scale Fractionation -- Flow Birefringence of Associations of Polymers in Solution -- Theoretical Calculation of Diffusion Coefficient and Viscosity of Star Polymers in Solution -- A Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Investigation of Precipitation Polymerization in Liquid Vinyl Chloride -- III: Blends -- The Role of Specific Interactions in Polymer Miscibility -- Relation of Interdiffusion and Self-Diffusion in Polymer Mixtures -- Crystallization and Melting Studies on Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Mixtures -- Specific Intermolecular Interactions in Polymer Blends -- Thermal and Morphological Analysis of Poly(?-caprolactam)—Poly(etherester) Mixtures -- Isochrone Viscoelastic Functions via Activation Energy of Flow: Charge Transfer Compatibilized Polyblends -- Modification of Thermosetting Resins by Thermoplastics -- The Toughness Behavior of Emulsion ABS: Effect of Rubber Concentration and Acrylonitrile Content on the Deformation Modes -- IV: Networks -- Thermodynamics of Casein Gels and the Universality of Network Theories -- Crosslinking Theory Applied to Industrially Important Polymers -- Reversible and Irreversible Deformation of Van der Waals Networks -- Photopolymerization of Diacrylates -- Simulation Model for Densely Cross-Linked Networks Formed by Chain-Reactions -- Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of EPDM Networks -- Some Comments on the Thermodynamics of Swelling -- Thermoreversible Gelation of Vinyl Polymers -- Static and Dynamic Lightscattering of Thermoreversible Gelling iota-Carrageenan -- Effects of Poly(acrylamide) on the Solution and Gel Properties of Water-Gelatin System -- Compatibility and Viscoelasticity of Mixed Biopolymer Gels -- Halato-Telechelic Polymers as Models of Ion-Containing Polymers and Thermoreversible Polymer Networks -- Ion-Containing Networks: Structural Modifications Induced by Lithium Ions -- Ion-Containing Networks: Recent Results Concerning Transport Properties -- V: Diffusion/Barrier Properties -- Diffusion of Gases and Liquids in Glassy and Semi-Crystalline Polymers -- Transport Regulated Electrochemical Reactions in Polyimide Films -- Processing of Barrier Film by Coextrusion -- VI: Chain Dynamics -- Single-Chain Dynamics in Polymer Characterization -- Non-Ideal Statistics and Polymer Dynamics -- Computation and Display of Polymer Chain Behaviour -- Deuteron-NMR Studies of Molecular Motions in Solid Polymers -- A Two-Dimensional NMR Study of Very Slow Molecular Motions in Polymers -- Transitions and Mobile Phases by NMR Normal Alkanes and Polyethylene -- Morphology and Chain Dynamics of Polymers as Reflected from Polymer-Dye Interactions -- Emission Spectroscopy and the Molecular Mobility of Polyepoxide Networks -- Mobility of Sidegroups in Polydimethylsiloxane -- Glass Transitions in Unsymmetrically Substituted Siloxanes -- VII: Processing/Rheology -- From Molecular Models to the Solution of Flow Problems -- Transient-Network Theories: New Developments and Applications -- Rheological Properties of a LDPE Melt in Transient Uniaxial Elongational Flow, Described with a Special Type of Constitutive Equation -- Physical Background of Mould Filling With and Without Crystallization -- On the Mathematical Modelling of the Injection Moulding Process -- Mixing Processes in Polymer Processing -- Blending of Incompatible Polymers -- Polymer Reactions During Melt-Processing -- Assessing Rubber Processing Aids Effectiveness -- Plastics Processing -- VIII: Structure and Morphology -- Some Facets of Order in Crystalline Polymers as Revealed by Polyethylene -- Investigation of the Crystallization Process of Polymers by Means of Neutron Scattering -- Lamellar Organization in Polymer Spherulites -- Considerations on the Crystallization with Chain Folding in Polymers -- Chain Mobility in Phase Transformations of Inorganic Polymers -- Ultra-Drawing of High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Cast from Solution. IV. Effect of Annealing/Re-crystallization -- Microhardness of Semicrystalline Polymers -- Model Calculations for WAXS Profiles from the Polymer Crystalline Particle Size Distribution -- Infrared Spectroscopy on PET Yarns -- Interaction Between Crystallization and Orientation -- Neutron Scattering of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) -- The Similarity Between Cellulose and Aramid Fibres -- Crystalline Order in Nylon 4,6 -- Pulsed EPR Study of the Trapping Process of Radicals in Polyethylene -- Analysis of Filled Rubbers Using SAXS -- SAXS Studies of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Blends Using Synchrotron Radiation -- Ultra-Drawing of Polypropylene -- Spinning of Fibers from Cellulose Solutions in Amine Oxides -- IX: New Developments -- Future Trends in Polymer Chemistry -- Recent Investigations of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks -- Polymers with Metal-like Conductivity: Structure, Properties and Applications -- The Mechanical Properties of Polypyrrole Plates -- High Modulus Flexible Polymers -- Radiation Treatment of Polymers -- High Precision Replication of Laservision Video Discs Using UV-Curable Coatings -- Fast Curing Low-Modulus Coatings for High-Strength Optical Fibres -- Replication of High Precision Aspherical Lenses Using UV-Curable Coatings.

I: Physics and Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related Compounds -- Excited State Properties of Haematoporphyrin -- Fluorescence Properties of HpD and its Components -- The Structure of the Active Component of Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Photofrin II -- On the Purification of Hematoporphyrin IX and its Acetylated Derivatives -- Photosensitizing Properties of Porphyrin in Model Cell Systems -- Photosensitizing Properties of Free and Bound Uroporphyrin I -- Chemical and Biological Studies on Haematoporphyrin Derivative: An Unexpected Photosensitization in Brain -- A Chromatographic Study of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives -- Protection by Carotenoids from Singlet Oxygen Photoproduced by Porphyrins -- Effect of He-Ne Laser on Human Erythrocytes Incubated with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Bonellin: Comparative Study -- Survey of Potential PRT Dyes and their Spectroscopic Properties -- II: Interactions of Porphyrins with Model Systems and Cells -- Fluorescence of Porphyrins in Cells -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative: Fluorometric Studies in Solution and Cells -- Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence and Photobleaching of Single Cells after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) -- Effects of Hpd and Laser on Transformed and Corresponding Normal Cultured Cells: Differential Cytotoxicity as an in Vitro Model for Tumor Photochemotherapy -- Interaction of Free and Liposome-Bound Porphyrins with Normal and Malignant Cells: Biochemical and Photosensitization Studies in Vitro and in Vivo -- Photodynamic Inactivation of L929 Cells after Treatment with Hematoporphyrin Derivative -- Bacterial and Yeast Cells as Models for Studying Hematoporphyrin Photosensitization -- Cholesterol Impregnation into Erythroleukemia Cell Membrane Induces Resistance to Hematoporphyrin Photodynamic Effect -- Photodynamic Effect of the He-Ne Laser with HpD on the Ultrastructure of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell -- III: Studies on Experimental and Spontaneous Animal Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in Experimental Oncology -- Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in B6D2 Mice, Dosimetry Considerations -- Study of Irradiation Parameters in HpD Phototherapy of MS-2 Tumor Model -- Experimental ENU Induced Brain Tumors with HpD and Dye Laser Light -- Studies with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Transplantable Urothelial Tumors -- Time Dependence of 3 H Hematoporphyrin Derivative Distribution in the Digestive Tract of the Rat -- Nd YAG Destruction of Tumor Sensitized or Non Sensitized by HpD -- HpD Phototherapy on Spontaneous Tumors in Dog and Cat -- IV: Light Dosimetry and Instrumentation for Tumor Diagnosis and Phototherapy -- Thermal and Optical Dosimetry for Photoradiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors -- Photophysics and Dosimetry of Photoradiation Therapy -- An Optimised Laser System for the Evaluation of HpD Therapy -- A Multi-Led Source for Photoradiation Therapy -- Side Radiation Optical Fibers for Medical Applications -- Fluorescence of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative for Detection and Characterization of Tumors -- In Vivo Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD) -- In Vivo Observation of Porphyrin and of the Light Action -- Monitoring of Hematoporphyrin Injected in Humans and Clinical Prospects of its Use in Gynecologic Oncology -- V: Clinical Applications of HpD Phototherapy -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy, in Theory and in Practice -- Evaluation of Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) in 20 Cases of Cancers -- Hematoporphyrin Phototherapy of Malignant Tumors -- Hematoporphyrin-Derivative and Phototherapy in Extensive Basal-Cell Carcinoma of the Dorsal Skin -- Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer -- Photoradiation Therapy in Early Stage Cancer Cases of the Lung, Esophagus and Stomach -- Experimental and Clinical Studies on HpD-Photoradiation Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer -- Endoscopic HpD-Laser Photoradiation Therapy (PRT) of Cancer -- Dye-Laser Photoradiation-Therapy of Bladder Cancer after Photosensitization with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD)-Basis for an Integral Irradiation -- Photoradiation Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative and an Argon Dye Laser of Bladder Carcinoma -- Preclinical Examination of Ocular Photoradiation Therapy -- Photoradiation for Choroidal Malignant Melanoma.

The book shows a very original organization addressing in a non traditional way, but with a systematic approach, to who has an interest in using mathematics in the social sciences. The book is divided in four parts: (a) a historical part, written by Vittorio Capecchi which helps us understand the changes in the relationship between mathematics and sociology by analyzing the mathematical models of Paul F. Lazarsfeld, the model of simulation and artificial societies, models of artificial neural network and considering all the changes in scientific paradigms considered, (b) a part coordinated by Pier Luigi Contucci on mathematical models that consider the relationship between the mathematical models that come from physics and linguistics to arrive at the study of society and those which are born within sociology and economics, (c) a part coordinated by Massimo Buscema analyzing models of artificial neural networks, (d) a part coordinated by Bruno D`Amore which considers the relationship between mathematics and art. The title of the book "Mathematics and Society" was chosen because the mathematical applications exposed in the book allow you to address two major issues: (a) the general theme of technological innovation and quality of life (among the essays are on display mathematical applications to the problems of combating pollution and crime, applications to mathematical problems of immigration, mathematical applications to the problems of medical diagnosis, etc.) (b) the general theme of technical innovation and creativity, for example the art and mathematics section which connects to the theme of creative cities. The book is very original because it is not addressed only to those who are passionate about mathematical applications in social science but also to those who, in different societies, are: (a) involved in technological innovation to improve the quality of life, (b) involved in the wider distribution of technological innovation in different areas of creativity (as in the project "Creative Cities Network" of UNESCO). TOC: Mathematics and Society Preface Vittorio Capecchi, Massimo Buscema, Pierluigi Contucci, Bruno D`Amore 1- Vittorio Capecchi: Historical Introduction Section I (mathematics and models) 2- Pierluigi Contucci, Ignacio Gallo, Stefano Ghirlanda: "Equilibria of culture contact derived from ingroup and outgroup attitudes" 3- Oscar Bolina: "Society from the Statistical Mechanics Perspective" 4- Anna M. Borghi, Daniele Caligiore, Claudia Scorolli: "Objects, words, and actions. Some reasons why embodied models are badly needed in cognitive psychology." 5- Luca Desanctis, Stefano Ghirlanda: "Shared culture needs large social networks" 6- C. Gallo: "Mathematical models of financial markets" 7- F. Gallo, Pierluigi Contucci, A. Coutts, Ignacio Gallo: "Tackling climate change through energy efficiency: mathematical models to offer evidence-based recommendations for public policy" 8- Simone Sarti, Marco Terraneo: "An application of the multilevel regression technique to validate a social stratification scale" 9- Robert B. Smith: "The Academic Mind Revisited: Contextual Analysis via Multilevel Modeling" Section III (mathematics and neural networks) 10 - Massimo Buscema: "The General Philosophy of the Artificial Adaptive Systems" 11 - Massimo Buscema, Pier Luigi Sacco: "Auto-Contractive Maps, the H Function and the Maximally Regular Graph (MRG): a new methodology for data mining" 12- Massimo Buscema, Pier Luigi Sacco: "An Artificial Intelligent Systems Approach to - Unscrambling Power Networks in Italy`s Business Environment" 13- Giulia Massini: "Multi - Meta SOM" 14- Massimo Buscema: "How to make data mining: The Persons Arrested Dataset" 15- Enzo Grossi: "Medicine and Mathematics of Complex Systems" 16- Massimo Buscema, Enzo Grossi: "J-Net System: a new paradigm for Artificial Neural Networks applied to diagnostic imaging" 17 - S. Tangaro, R. Bellotti, F. De Carlo, G. Gargano: "Digital Image Processing in Medical Applications" Section III (mathematics and art) 18 - Giorgio T. Bagni: "Mathematics, Art, and Interpretation: an Hermeneutic Perspective" 19- Giorgio Bolondi: "Point, line and surface, following Hilbert and Kandinsky" 20- Bruno D`Amore: Figurative arts and mathematics: pipes, horses, triangles and meanings A contribution to a problematic theory of conceptual meaning, from Frege and Magritte up to the present time" 21- Michele Emmer: The idea of space in art, technology and mathematics" 22- Raffaele Mascella, Franco Eugeni,e Ezio Sciarpa: "Mathematical structures and sense of beauty" 23- Monica Idà: "Visual impact and mathematical learning" 24- Marco Pierini: "Art by Numbers.Mel Bochner, Roman Opalka and other Philarhythmics" 25-Aldo Spizzichino: "My way of playing with the computer. Suggestions for a personal experience in vector graphics" 26- Gian Marco Todesco: "Four dimensional ideas" 27- Igino Aschieri, Paola Vighi: "From Art to Mathematics in the paintings of Theo van Doesburg" Editors`s biographies

Crowd Intelligence and Crowd Cooperative Computing -- MatricEs: Matrix Embeddings for Link Prediction in Knowledge Graphs -- Learning User Embeddings based on Long Short-Term User Group Modeling for Next-Item Recommendation -- Context-Aware Quaternion Embedding for Knowledge Graph Completion -- Dependency-based Task Assignment in Spatial Crowdsourcing -- ICKG: An I Ching Knowledge Graph Tool Revealing Ancient Wisdom -- Collaborative Analysis on Code Structure and Semantics -- Temporal Planning-Based Choreography from Music -- An Adaptive Parameter DBSCAN Clustering and Reputation-aware QoS Prediction Method -- E↵ectiveness of Malicious Behavior and its Impact on Crowdsourcing -- Scene Adaptive Persistent Target Tracking and Attack Method Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning -- Research on Cost Control of Mobile Crowdsourcing Supporting Low Budget in Large Scale Environmental Information Monitoring -- Question Answering System Based on University Knowledge Graph -- Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Scheduling Algorithm for Service Di↵erentiation in Cloud Business Process Management System -- A Knowledge Tracing Model Based on Graph Attention Mechanism and Incorporating External Features -- Crowd-Powered Source Searching in Complex Environments -- Cooperative Evolutionary Computation and Human-like intelligent Collaboration -- Task Offloading and Resource Allocation with Privacy Constraints in End-edge-cloud Environment -- A Classifier-based Two-stage Training Model for Few-shot Segmentation -- EEG-based Motor Imagery Classification with Deep Adversarial Learning -- Comparison Analysis on Techniques of Preprocessing Imbalanced Data for Symbolic Regression -- A Feature Reduction-Induced Subspace Multiple Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm -- A Deep Neural Network based Resource Configuration Framework for Human-Machine Computing System -- Research on User's Mental Health Based on Comment Text -- A Multi-objective Level-based Learning Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Preference for Epidemic Resource Allocation -- Aesthetics-Diven Online Summarization to First-Person Tourism Videos -- Visual Scene-Aware Dialogue System for Cross-Modal Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction -- A Weighting Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Interval Granularity -- An Evolutionary Multi-Task Genetic Algorithm with Assisted-task for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling -- Evaluation of Depression Tendency Based on Cyber Psychosocial and Physical Computation -- Optimization of on-ramp confluence sequence for Internet of Vehicles with graph model -- Chinese Event Extraction Based on Hierarchical Attention Mechanism -- Instance-Aware Style-Swap for Disentangled Attribute-Level Image Editing -- Collaborative Multi-Head Contextualized Sparse Representations for Real-Time Open-Domain Question Answering -- Automatic Personality Prediction Based on Users' Chinese Handwriting Change -- Domain-Specific Collaborative Applications -- A Faster, Lighter and Stronger Deep Learning-Based Approach for Place Recognition -- An Improved Prior Box Generation Method for Small Object Detection -- ACAGNN: Source code representation based on fine-grained multi-view program features -- A Framework for Math Word Problem Solving Based on Pre-training Models And Spatial Optimization Strategies -- A Spillover-Based Model for Default Risk Assessment of Transaction Entities in Bulk Commodity Trade -- The Sandpile Model of Japanese Empire Dynamics -- Active Authorization Control of Deep Models Using Channel Pruning -- A Knowledge Graph-based Analysis Framework for Aircraft Configuration Change Propagation -- Node-IBD: A Dynamic Isolation Optimization Algorithm for Infection Prevention and Control Based on Influence Diffusion -- A Hybrid Layout Method Based on GPU for the Logistics Facility Layout Problem -- An interpretable loan credit evaluation method based on rule representation learner -- A Survey of Computer Vision-based Fall Detection and Technology Perspectives -- 3D Gaze Vis: Sharing Eye Tracking Data Visualization for Collaborative Work in VR Environment -- A Learning State Monitoring Method Based on Face Feature and Posture -- Meta-Transfer Learning for Person Re-Identification in Aerial Imagery. Horizontal Federated Traffic Speed Prediction Base on Secure Node Attribute Aggregation.

1 The Poultry Industry -- Biological Classification -- Domestication -- American Poultry Association Classification -- Commercial Classification -- Poultry as Food-Producing Animals -- Poultry as Laboratory Animals -- World Poultry Production -- The United States Poultry Industry -- Consumption of Poultry Products -- Careers in the Poultry Industry -- References -- 2 Anatomy and Structure of the Fowl -- Feathers -- Skin -- Muscles -- Skeleton -- Circulatory System -- Body Temperature -- Respiration -- Digestion -- Mouth and Esophagus -- Crop and Proventriculus -- Gizzard -- Pancreas -- Liver -- Small Intestine -- Ceca -- Large Intestine, Rectum, and Cloaca -- Excretory System -- Nervous System -- Avian Senses -- Endocrine Organs -- References -- 3 Physiology and Reproduction in Poultry -- Endocrine System -- Physiology of Reproduction -- Reproduction -- References -- 4 Genetics and Poultry Breeding -- The Cell Theory -- Cell Division -- Gene Function -- Genetic Code -- Mutations -- Phenotypic Expression (Nonadditive) -- Phenotypic Expression of Genes (Additive) -- Heritability Estimates -- Selection -- Current Breeding Systems -- Strain Crosses -- Crossbreeding -- Selecting Superior Genetic Stock -- Progeny Testing -- Sources of Genetic Stock -- Breeds and Varieties of Chickens -- The Utilitarian Concept -- Future Poultry Genetics and Breeding -- Lethal Genes -- Parthenogenesis -- References -- 5 Incubation and Hatchery Management -- Poultry Reproduction -- Storage and Selection of Hatching Eggs -- Embryonic Development -- Extraembryonic Membranes -- Daily Embryonic Growth -- Embryonic Nutrition -- Embryonic Communication -- Embryology in Research and Teaching -- Artificial Incubation -- Modern Incubators -- Temperature -- Relative Humidity -- Air Supply -- Hatching Egg Positions -- Embryonic Mortality -- The National Poultry Improvement Plan -- Hatchery Sanitation -- Franchise Hatchery System -- Hatchery Services -- References -- 6 Social Behavior and Animal Welfare -- Social Organization -- Behavior of Feral Chickens -- Communication -- Behavior of Domestic Poultry -- Social Behavior in Growing Chicks -- Other Adult Social Behavior Characteristics -- Animal Rights -- The Humane Movement -- Animal Welfarists -- Animal Rightists -- Animal Liberationists -- Agricultural Involvement with Humane Groups -- Public Relations -- Need for a Code of Ethics -- References -- 7 Environment and Housing -- Farmstead Planning -- External Services and Utilities -- Water Supply -- Poultry Building Orientation -- Aesthetic Value -- House Construction -- Turnkey Houses -- Criteria for Selecting a Manufactured House -- Vapor Barriers -- Ventilation -- References -- 8 Poultry Nutrition -- Nutrients -- References -- 9 Diseases and Parasites of Poultry -- Disease Prevention -- Diagnostic Organs in Postmortem Examinations -- Immunology of Disease Control -- Poultry Disease Control Strategy -- Vaccination -- Nutritional Deficiency Diseases -- Protozoan Diseases -- Bacterial Diseases -- Fowl Cholera -- Nonrespiratory Bacterial Diseases -- Mycoplasma -- Viral Diseases -- Fungal and Mold Diseases -- Mycotoxicosis -- External Parasites -- Internal Parasites -- Behavioral Diseases -- Reproductive Diseases -- References -- 10 Poultry and Egg Marketing -- Assembling -- Transporting -- Assumption of Risk -- Market News -- Futures Trading -- Processing Poultry -- Further Processing -- Eggs -- Storage -- Inspection and Grading -- Packaging -- Merchandising -- New Product Development -- References -- 11 Broiler Production -- United States Broiler Industry -- World Broiler Industry -- Broiler Breeders -- Housing and Egg Production -- Care of Hatching Eggs -- The Hatchery -- Housing for Broilers -- Litter -- Brooding -- Brooding Methods -- Density -- Placement -- Management Suggestions for Partial House Brooding -- Watering Equipment -- Feeding Equipment -- Lighting Programs -- Ventilation -- Gas Concentrations -- Ventilation for Partial House Brooding -- Fan Timers -- Fan Thermostats -- Air Intakes -- Broiler Diets -- Catching and Hauling Broilers -- Grower Responsibilities -- Catching Crews -- Types of Broilers -- Roasters -- Grower Contracts -- References -- 12 Commercial Egg Production -- Starting Pullets in Cages -- Brooding -- Growing Pullets in Cages -- Managing Laying Hens in Cages -- Induced Molting -- References -- 13 Turkey Production -- Origin of the Turkey -- Color Varieties -- Turkey Genetics -- Turkey Breeder Flocks -- Turkey Breeders -- Turkey Breeder Toms -- Turkey Breeder Hens -- Artificial Insemination -- Hatching Eggs -- Hatchery Services -- Brooding -- Floor Brooding -- Floor Covering -- Brooders -- Brooder Guards -- Equipment Arrangement -- Trough Feeders -- Mechanical Feeders -- Waterers -- Rearing Turkeys -- References -- 14 Waterfowl Production -- Ducks -- Geese -- Processing Waterfowl -- Handling Waterfowl -- Pinioning -- Sexing Waterfowl -- References -- 15 Miscellaneous Poultry -- Coturnix Quail -- Bobwhite Quail -- Chukar Partridge -- Pheasants -- Guinea Fowl -- Peafowl -- Pigeons -- Swan -- References -- 16 Poultry Management Practices -- Production Management -- Specialized Procedures and Devices -- Sanitation and Waste Disposal Procedures -- Financial Management -- References.

Global Change and Mountain Regions — an IGBP Initiative for Collaborative Research -- Climate Variations in Italy in the Last 130 Years -- Dendroclimatic Information on Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) in the Northern Apennines -- Trends in High Frequency Precipitation Variability in Some Northern Italy Secular Stations -- Climate Change Experiments on a Glacier Foreland in the Central Alps -- High Mountain Summits as Sensitive Indicators of Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Patterns: The "Multi Summit-Approach" of GLORIA (Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments) -- Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Italy During the Last Century -- Climate and other Sources of Change in the St. Elias Region -- Permafrost and Climate in Europe. Climate Change, Mountain Permafrost Degradation and Geotechnical Hazard -- Thermal Variations of Mountain Permafrost: an Example of Measurements Since 1987 in the Swiss Alps -- Climate Change and Air Quality Assessment in Canadian National Parks -- Regional Clean Air Partnerships and the ETEAM -- Land-Atmosphere Interactions -- Uncertainties in the Prediction of Regional Climate Change -- Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for "In Situ" Measurements on Glaciers and Snowfields -- Cs-137 Gamma Peak Detection in Snow Layers on Calderone Glacier -- The Effects of Global Warming on Mountain Regions: a Summary of the 1995 Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change -- Global Change in Respect to Tendency to Acidification of Subarctic Mountain Lakes -- Influence of Climate, Species Immigration, Fire, and Men on Forest Dynamics In Northern Italy, from 6000 Cal. BP To Today -- Koenigia Islandica (Iceland Purslane) — A Case Study of a Potential Indicator of Climate Change in the UK -- Semi-Objective Sampling Strategies as One Basis for a Vegetation Survey -- Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Drought in Swiss Forest Stands -- Forecasted Stability of Mediterranean Evergreen Species Considering Global Changes -- Birds as Bio-Indicators of Long-Transported Lead in the Alpine Environment -- Annual Estimations of Ecophysiological Parameters and Biogenic Volatile Compounds (BVOCs) Emissions in Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck -- A Multiscale Study to Analyse the Response of Vegetation to Climatic Conditions -- Phytotoxic Ozone Effect on Selected Plant Species in a Standardized Experimental Design -- Plant Invasions in Central European Middle-Mountains: A Result of Global Change? -- Can Testate Amoebae (Protozoa) and Other Micro-Organisms Help to Overcome Biogeographic Bias in Large Scale Global Change Research? -- Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Mineral Nitrogen Deposition on Litter Quality, Bioleaching and Decomposition in A Sphagnum Peat Bog -- Analysis of the Environmental Impact Caused by Introduced Animals in the Clarion Island, Archipelago of Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico -- High Mountain Environment as Indicator of Global Change -- Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Deposition on Natural Regeneration Processes of Cut-Over Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs in the Swiss Jura Mountains -- Economic Evaluation of Italian Parks and Natural Areas -- Environmental and Human Impacts on Coastal and Marine Protected Areas in India -- Past Climate Change and the Generation and Persistence of Species Richness in a Biodiversity Hotspot, the Cape Flora of South Africa -- The World Network of Biosphere Reserves: a Flexible Structure for Understanding and Responding to Global Change -- The Role of a Global Protected Areas System in Conserving Biodiversity in the Face of Climate Change -- The Strong Reduction Phase of the Calderone Glacier During the Last Two Centuries: Reconstruction of the Variation and of the Possible Scenarios With GIS Technologies -- Digital Geomorphologic Cartography of the Top Area of the Gran Sasso D'Italia Mountain Group (Central Apennine, Italy) -- The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Temporary Lakes in the Abruzzo Parks and the Central Apennines -- The Travertine Deposits of the Upper Pescara Valley (Central Abruzzi, Italy): A Clue for the Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary Palaeoenvironmental Evolution of the Area -- The Protected Areas System for the Conservation and for an Eco-Compatible Development of the Territory: The Maiella National Park -- Environmental Protection and Social Protection: The Sirente-Velino Regional Park -- Protected Areas Management: an Example of Application in the Gran Sasso Park -- The Main Invasive Alien Plants in the Protected Areas in Central Italy (Abruzzo) -- The Historical and Iconographic Research in the Reconstruction of the Variation of the Calderone Glacier: State of the Art and Perspective -- Numerical Experiments to Study the Possible Meteorological Changes Induced by the Presence of a Lake.

Part 1. Biodiversity and Conservation -- Chapter 1. Biodiversity of medicinal plants in the Eastern Ghats of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 2. Biodiversity, Conservation and Medicinal Uses of Seaweeds: The Glimpses -- Chapter 3. Tree Flora of Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 4. Genetic diversity and variability analysis in sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) -- Chapter 5. Flora of Mangrove species utilized for ethnomedicinal practices in Gautami Godavari estuary, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 6. Tree diversity assessment in sacred groves of Eastern Ghats, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Part 2. Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine -- Chapter 7. Structure design and establishment of database application system for Miao medicinal plants in Guizhou Province, China -- Chapter 8. Documentation and Protection of Traditional Knowledge -- Chapter 9. Ethnobotanical assessment of medicinal plants used by Indigenous people living around the Sacred Groves of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 10. Ethno-botanico-medicine in treatment of diabetes by the tribal groups of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 11. Ethnomedicine from Konda Reddis of High Altitude Agency Tracts of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 12. A traditional use of plants for the treatment of bone fractures by the local people of West Sikkim, India -- Chapter 13. God's tree: A culturally coded strategy for conservation (A case study of Gairsain eco- region of district Chamoli, Uttarakhand) -- Chapter 14. Ethnomedicinal plants used by ethnic people in Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 15. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh for identification of plants with antitumour and antimicrobial potential -- Chapter 16. Controlling biological infestations in museums by medicinal plants -- Chapter 17. Hitherto unexplored aspects of medicinal plants from Ayurveda and Vrikshayurveda -- Chapter 18. Ethno veterinary medicinal plants and practices in Andaman and Nicobar Islands -- Chapter 19. Ethnobotanical trees of Sri Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh -- Chapter 20. A Study on Medical Systems for Dengue Fever -- Part 3. Bioactive compounds from plants and microbes -- Chapter 21. Development of immunoassays for Ginsenosides in Ginseng -- Chapter 22. Elicitation of flavonoids in Kalanchoë pinnata by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and UV-Bradiation -- Chapter 23. Biogenic silver nanoparticles from Trametes ljubarskyi (white rot fungus): efficient and effective anti candidal activity -- Chapter 24. Herbal medicinal markets in China: An Ethnobotanical Survey -- Chapter 25. Phyto chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of a traditional medicinal plant Glochidion eriocarpum (Phyllanthaceae) -- Chapter 26. Endophytic fungi and their impact on Agroecosystems -- Chapter 27. GC-MS and Insilico molecular docking analysis of secondary metabolites present in leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn -- Chapter 28. Protective effect of Mimusops elengi L. on renal and hepatic markers in STZ-induced diabetic Rats -- Chapter 29. Extraction and purification of gymnemic acid from Gymnema sylvestre r.br -- Chapter 30. GC-MS Profile of the unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters of Coldenia procumbens Linn. Leaves -- Chapter 31. Isolation of sterols from the bark hexane extract of Cordia dichotoma -- Chapter 32. Isolation and characterization of pharmacologically active tannins from stem bark of Syzygium samarangense -- Chapter 33. Rare actinobacteria Nocardiopsis lucentensis VLK-104 isolated from Mangrove ecosystem of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh -- Chapter 34. Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae): evaluation of root phytochemical constituents for antimicrobial activity -- Chapter 35. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies in different parts of Sesamum indicum L -- Chapter 36. Phytochemical investigation and comparative evaluation of various market samples of Triphala powder with references to their free scavenging and anti-diabetic activity – an in-vitro-approach -- Chapter 37. In vitro anticancer activity of Canthium parviflorum Lam extracts against cancer cell lines -- Chapter 38. Bioactive Metabolites from Streptomyces nanhaiensis VSM-1: Polyphasic taxonomy, Optimization and Evaluation of antimicrobial metabolites by GC-MS analysis -- Chapter 39. In vitro cultured cells as an option for enhancing the production of bioactive compounds: Some selected case studies -- Chapter 40. Anti-Diabetic Studies of the leaf extract of Ericostemma littorale (Blume) using Wistar Rats -- Part 4. Biotechnology -- Chapter 41. Molecular and cytogenetical approaches for genetic diversity analysis of wild and cultivated medicinal plant species from North-East India with focus on genus Curcuma -- Chapter 42. Mutagenic effect of chemicals on certain biochemical parameters in two cultivars of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) -- Chapter 43. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of Gamma rays in Musk okra (Abelmoschus moschatus L.) -- Chapter 44. Detection of genetic variation in Biophytum sensitivum Linn. by RAPD and ISSR markers -- Chapter 45. Development of standard protocols for in vitro regeneration of some selected banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from India -- Chapter 46. In vitro method of high frequency plant regeneration through internodal callus of Ruta Graveolens L -- Chapter 47. Conservation of an endangered medicinal forest tree species, Oroxylum indicum L. Kurz through in vitro culture- A review -- Chapter 48. DNA barcode: the genetic blue print for identity and diversity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn -- Chapter 49. Microbiological and physicochemical quality of potable water in valasi, agency area, Andhra Pradesh.