Suchergebnisse

"A minaret of light?: transducing the azan" -- A history of public worship: from procession prohibition to amplified azan -- Conflicting secularisms: the constitutional protection of the azan and nativism -- Regulating nostalgias: azan negotiations in a Dutch town -- Epilogue. the right to tolerance

"A minaret of light?: transducing the azan" -- A history of public worship: from procession prohibition to amplified azan -- Conflicting secularisms: the constitutional protection of the azan and nativism -- Regulating nostalgias: azan negotiations in a Dutch town -- Epilogue. the right to tolerance

A critical analysis of contemporary racial and sexual politics involved in post-9/11 laws and culture, where practices of liberal tolerance and the inclusion of gay, lesbian, homosexual, and queer subjects into the nation-state have developed into a type

Part I. Philosophical Pluralism. Ronald Sandler and Cynthia Townley / A Defense of Tolerance as a Moral Virtue.-- Nicholas H. Smith / Is Monotheism Compatible with Pluralism? Reflections on Richard Rorty's Critique of Religion.-- Hanako Koyama / Political Philosophy and Pluralism in a Globalised World.

Based on rare archival sources, this book chronicles anti-Catholic feeling in New York in the pre-Revolutionary and early national periods. Colonial New York, despite its reputation for pluralism and tolerance, was also marked by severe restrictions on religious and political liberty for Catholics

In this article we are talking about the traits of religious tolerance, which is an inherent part of social life in democracies. Also, specific examples are considered uses of the missionary as an effec- tive means of manipulating the spiritual life of various segments of society

We have no patterns for relating across our human differences as equals. Advocating the mere tolerance of difference between women is the grossest reformism.... Differences must be not merely tolerated, but seen as a fund of necessary polarities.... Audre Lorde

Background and Purpose Opioid-based drugs are the gold standard medicines for pain relief. However, tolerance and several side effects (i.e. constipation and dependence) may occur upon chronic opioid administration. Photopharmacology is a promising approach to improve the benefit/risk profiles of these drugs. Thus, opioids can be locally activated with high spatiotemporal resolution, potentially minimizing systemic-mediated adverse effects. Here, we aimed at developing a morphine photo-derivative (photocaged morphine), which can be activated upon light irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Approach Light-dependent activity of pc-morphine was assessed in cell-based assays (intracellular calcium accumulation and electrophysiology) and in mice (formalin animal model of pain). In addition, tolerance, constipation and dependence were investigated in vivo using experimental paradigms. Key results In mice, pc-morphine was able to elicit antinociceptive effects, both using external light-irradiation (hind paw) and spinal cord implanted fibre-optics. In addition, remote morphine photoactivation was devoid of common systemic opioid-related undesired effects, namely, constipation, tolerance to the analgesic effects, rewarding effects and naloxone-induced withdrawal. Conclusion and Implications Light-dependent opioid-based drugs may allow effective analgesia without the occurrence of tolerance or the associated and severe opioid-related undesired effects. ; This work was supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (SAF2017-87349-R, SAF2017-87199-R and CTQ2017-89222-R), ISCIII (PIE14/00034), and the Catalan government (2017 SGR 1604 and 2017 SGR 465). We thank Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for IDIBELL institutional support. We thank Esther Castaño and Benjamín Torrejón from the Scientific and Technical Services (SCT) group at the Bellvitge Campus of the University of Barcelona for their technical assistance. We thank Lourdes Muñoz, Carme Serra and Juanlo Catena (SimChem, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona) for support in the synthesis of compounds. Xavier Gasull and Aida Castellanos (Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona) are acknowledged by their help with the obtention of DRG neurons from mouse. Also, we thank María Pilar Pérez Villamor (Laboratorios Dr. Esteve, Barcelona) for the kind gift of the HEK293 cell line permanently expressing μ receptors. ; Peer reviewed

Roger Williams (1604-1683) is considered one of the main authors who paved the way for the basic ideas of modern political life, such as freedom of conscience, tolerance, and neutrality of the State in religious matters. Several of them are reflected in his famous work The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience (1644). However, what is distinctive about Williams is not only his modernity, but also that he elaborated these ideas from the breadth of biblical tradition as well as Christian thought. Therefore, this essay seeks to turn to the Christian dimension of Williams and to show how it has continuity with the political thought of Saint Augustine of Hippo regarding order and peace in the city. This will be done through a comparison of both thinkers in key subjects. To do this, I will define the contours of the religious tolerance proposed by Williams in relation to the problem of freedom of conscience in The Bloudy Tenent,comparing this with some general features of Augustinian thought contained in The City of God. Finally, this notion of tolerance will be contrasted with propositions of liberal origin, specifically taking John Locke's Letter on Tolerance as an example. Through this it will be possible to see the differences between a Christian position and a liberal one. ; Roger Williams (1604-1683) es considerado uno de los principales autores que fundamentó el camino para ideas constitutivas de la vida política moderna como la libertad de conciencia, la tolerancia y la neutralidad del Estado en materia religiosa. Varias de ellas quedaron plasmadas en su famosa obra El sangriento dogma de la persecución por causa de conciencia (1644). Sin embargo, lo distintivo de Williams no reside únicamente en el hecho de su modernidad, sino en que sostuvo estas ideas recurriendo a la amplitud de la tradición bíblica como de pensamiento cristiano. Por lo anterior, la propuesta de este ensayo consiste en rescatar la dimensión cristiana de Williams y mostrar su continuidad con el pensamiento político de San ...

This study was aimed at revealing the role and the capital of parenting towards children in an effort to shape the character of tolerance and caring for the environment. The study used qualitative naturalistic research methods. The techniques of collecting data used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data then analyzed using interactive analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results show that the role of parents in shaping the character of tolerance and caring for the environment through parents as motivators, as supervisors, as physical and spiritual protectors, as mentors, educating and as role models or role models to choose and shape children. The formation of the character of tolerance and caring for the children is given through debriefing skills to respect friends, stimulation activities, and positive habituation application. The pattern of positive habituation of parents is in the form of familiarizing children to do good activities. Parents provide firmness to the child's character of tolerance and caring for the environment. The model of parenting is applied as authoritarian parenting, democratic and situational.PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM KELUARGA MELALUI POLA ASUH ORANG TUAPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peran dan modal pola asuh orang tua terhadap anak dalam upaya membentuk karakter toleransi dan peduli lingkungan. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif naturalistik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran orang tua dalam membentuk karakter toleransi dan peduli lingkungan dapat melalui orang tua sebagai motivator, sebagai pengawas, sebagai pelindung jasmani dan rohani, sebagai pembimbing, mendidik dan sebagai panutan atau role model untuk memilihara dan membentuk anak. Pembentukan karakter toleransi dan peduli lingkungan pada anak diberikan melalui pemberin bekal keterampilan untuk saling menghargai dengan sesama teman, orang tua membentuk kegiatan yang merangsang karakter toleransi dan peduli lingkungan, orang tua menerapkan pembiasaan yang positif. Pola pembiasaan positif orang tua dilakukan dengan membiasakan anak melakukan kegiatan yang baik. Orang tua memberikan ketegasan terhadap anak karakter toleransi dan peduli lingkungan. Model pola asuh orang tua yang diterapkan seperti pola asuh otoriter; demokratis dan situasional.

Homeostasis of metabolism and regulation of stress‐signaling pathways are important for plant growth. The metabolite 3′‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphate (PAP) plays dual roles as a chloroplast retrograde signal during drought and high light stress, as well as a toxic by‐product of secondary sulfur metabolism, and thus, its levels are regulated by the chloroplastic phosphatase, SAL1. Constitutive PAP accumulation in sal1 mutants improves drought tolerance but can impair growth and alter rosette morphology. Therefore, it is of interest to derive strategies to enable controlled and targeted PAP manipulation that could enhance drought tolerance while minimizing the negative effects on plant growth. We systematically tested the potential and efficiency of multiple established transgenic manipulation tools in altering PAP levels in Arabidopsis. Dexamethasone (dex)‐inducible silencing of SAL1 via hpRNAi [pOpOff:SAL1hpRNAi] yielded reduction in SAL1 transcript and protein levels, yet failed to significantly induce PAP accumulation. Surprisingly, this was not due to insufficient silencing of the inducible system, as constitutive silencing using a strong promoter to drive hpRNAi and amiRNA targeting the SAL1 transcript also failed to increase PAP content or induce a sal1‐like plant morphology despite significantly reducing the SAL1 transcript levels. In contrast, using dex‐inducible expression of SAL1 cDNA to complement an Arabidopsis sal1 mutant successfully modulated PAP levels and restored rosette growth in a dosage‐dependent manner. Results from this inducible complementation system indicate that plants with intermediate PAP levels could have improved rosette growth without compromising its drought tolerance. Additionally, preliminary evidence suggests that SAL1 cDNA driven by promoters of genes expressed specifically during early developmental stages such as ABA‐Insensitive 3 (ABI3) could be another potential strategy for studying and optimizing PAP levels and drought tolerance while alleviating the negative impact of PAP on plant growth in sal1. Thus, we have identified ways that can allow future dissection into multiple aspects of stress and developmental regulation mediated by this chloroplast signal. ; We received financial support from the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (CE140100008) and scholarships to SYP (ANU), WP (Thai Government and ScAWAKE), and KXC (ANU).

Introduction: The development of new therapies to induce self-tolerance has been an important medical health challenge in type 1 diabetes. An ideal immunotherapy should inhibit the autoimmune attack, avoid systemic side effects and allow a-cell regeneration. Based on the immunomodulatory effects of apoptosis, we hypothesized that apoptotic mimicry can help to restore tolerance lost in autoimmune diabetes. Objective: To generate a synthetic antigen-specific immunotherapy based on apoptosis features to specifically reestablish tolerance to a-cells in type 1 diabetes. Methods: A central event on the surface of apoptotic cells is the exposure of phosphatidylserine, which provides the main signal for efferocytosis. Therefore, phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides were generated to simulate apoptotic cells recognition by antigen presenting cells. The effect of antigen-specific phosphatidylserine-liposomes in the reestablishment of peripheral tolerance was assessed in NOD mice, the spontaneous model of autoimmune diabetes. MHC class II-peptide tetramers were used to analyze the T cell specific response after treatment with phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with peptides. Results: We have shown that phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and impair autoreactive T cell proliferation. When administered to NOD mice, liposome signal was detected in the pancreas and draining lymph nodes. This immunotherapy arrests the autoimmune aggression, reduces the severity of insulitis and prevents type 1 diabetes by apoptotic mimicry. MHC class II tetramer analysis showed that peptide-loaded phosphatidylserine-liposomes expand antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. The administration of phosphatidylserine-free liposomes emphasizes the importance of phosphatidylserine in the modulation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell expansion. Conclusions: We conclude that this innovative immunotherapy based on the use of liposomes constitutes a promising strategy for autoimmune diseases. ; This work was supported by a grant from Spanish Government (FIS PI12/00195). IPA was supported by AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya. MVP and RA are supported by the Health Dept. of the Catalan Government, Generalitat de Catalunya. Special thanks to Ms. M.A. Cardus and her family for their generous donation

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al. ; [Introduction]: The development of new therapies to induce self-tolerance has been an important medical health challenge in type 1 diabetes. An ideal immunotherapy should inhibit the autoimmune attack, avoid systemic side effects and allow β-cell regeneration. Based on the immunomodulatory effects of apoptosis, we hypothesized that apoptotic mimicry can help to restore tolerance lost in autoimmune diabetes. ; [Objective]: To generate a synthetic antigen-specific immunotherapy based on apoptosis features to specifically reestablish tolerance to β-cells in type 1 diabetes. ; [Methods]: A central event on the surface of apoptotic cells is the exposure of phosphatidylserine, which provides the main signal for efferocytosis. Therefore, phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides were generated to simulate apoptotic cells recognition by antigen presenting cells. The effect of antigen-specific phosphatidylserine-liposomes in the reestablishment of peripheral tolerance was assessed in NOD mice, the spontaneous model of autoimmune diabetes. MHC class II-peptide tetramers were used to analyze the T cell specific response after treatment with phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with peptides. ; [Results]: We have shown that phosphatidylserine-liposomes loaded with insulin peptides induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and impair autoreactive T cell proliferation. When administered to NOD mice, liposome signal was detected in the pancreas and draining lymph nodes. This immunotherapy arrests the autoimmune aggression, reduces the severity of insulitis and prevents type 1 diabetes by apoptotic mimicry. MHC class II tetramer analysis showed that peptide-loaded phosphatidylserine-liposomes expand antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. The administration of phosphatidylserine-free liposomes emphasizes the importance of phosphatidylserine in the modulation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell expansion. ; [Conclusions]: We conclude that this innovative immunotherapy based on the use of liposomes constitutes a promising strategy for autoimmune diseases. ; This work was supported by a grant from Spanish Government (FIS PI12/00195). IPA was supported by AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya. MVP and RA are supported by the Health Dept. of the Catalan Government, Generalitat de Catalunya. ; Peer reviewed

В статье представлена концепция журналистской деятельности в сфере этнополитической коммуникации. Автор анализирует условия выполнения журналистикой функций политического института. Обоснование участия журналистики в процессах коммуникации в конкретных ситуациях социально-политического взаимодействия обусловливается спецификой субъектов коммуникаций. В статье выделены аспекты журналистской деятельности в условиях этнополитических коммуникаций, определена специфика и представлены возможные варианты анализа. Анализируется интерпретация понятия «толерантность» в зависимости от политического и культурного контекста. Определяется значение толерантности как коммуникативной совместимости. В статье анализируются расхождения в интерпретации толерантности по линиям «большинство меньшинство» и «естественные искусственные (конструируемые) сообщества». Предлагается модель анализа коммуникаций с учётом характеристик согласований: политических, международных, экономических, социальных, культурных, исторических, религиозных, демографических, расово-антропологических, языковых, экологических и психологических. Подвергается критике современный нормативный подход к регулированию этнополитических коммуникаций. Рассматривается интерпретация толерантности, формируемая в журналистском сообществе, как коммуникативной, идеологической культурно-мировоззренческой открытости и состояния равноправного этнополитического, этнокультурного диалога. ; In article the concept of journalistic activity in the sphere of ethno-political communication is presented. The author analyses the conditions for journalism to execute the political institution functions. The rationale for journalism participation in the communication processes in specific situations of social and political relations due to the specifics of the communications subjects. The article highlights the aspects of journalistic activities in the conditions of ethno-political communications, defined specificity and presents possible options analysis. The author examines the concept of "tolerance" depending on the political and cultural context, defines the value of tolerance as communication compatibility. The article analyses the differences in the interpretation of tolerance along the lines of "majority minority" and "natural artificial (imagined) community". The author proposes a model of communications analysis, taking into account the characteristics of compatibility: political, international, economic, social, cultural, historical, religious, demographic, racial-anthropological, linguistic, environmental, and psychological. In the article the author criticizes the modern regulatory approach to the management of ethno-political communications, discusses the interpretation of tolerance formed in the journalistic community as a communicative, ideological, cultural and attitudinal openness and equal status of ethno-political, ethno-cultural dialogue.