Suchergebnisse

This volume is about an ongoing long-term research initiative led by researchers from the School of Dentistry at the University of Adelaide. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the studies of the teeth and faces of Australian twins and their families that have extended over more than thirty years.

The Trouble with Twin Studies questions popular genetic explanations of human behavioral differences based upon the existing body of twin research. Psychologist Jay Joseph outlines the fallacies of twin studies in the context of the ongoing decades-long failure to discover genes for human behavioral differences, including IQ, personality, and the major psychiatric disorders. This volume critically examines twin research, with a special emphasis on reared-apart twin studies, and incorporates new and updated perspectives, analyses, arguments, and evidence.

Der Beitrag versucht darzustellen, wie die bürgerliche deutsche Psychologie am Ende der klassischen Zeit die Zwillingsmethode einordnet. Der Autor zeigt, daß bei Gottschaldt und noch deutlicher bei Roth Fragestellungen und theoretische Positionen entwickelt wurden, die sehr modern, weil dialektisch anmuten. Gottschaldts und Roths Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Vererbung, Umwelt und Ich auf die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung werden in größeren Passagen referiert. Auch das im strengen Sinne Vererbte ist nicht unveränderlich angeboren, sondern zeigt eine mehr oder weniger große Variationsbreite in seinen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, die von der Umwelt abhängig sind, lautet die zentrale These. Menschliche Handlungen sind nicht die Folgen von starren Eigenschaften, sondern steuerungsfähige Prozesse. Wichtigstes Erziehungsziel ist verantwortliche Handlungsfähigkeit, die zur Auseinandersetzung mit Erbe und Umwelt befähigt. (pka)

Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Dedication -- About the Author -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Twin Types: More Than Just Two -- Abstract -- Twin types: not just two -- Chapter 2: Living Laboratories: Double Designs and Multiple Methods -- Abstract -- Twins and twin methods -- Novel twin and twin-like designs -- Genetic studies -- Cross-cultural considerations -- Chapter 3: Mythconceptions About Twin Conceptions-I -- Abstract -- Chapter 4: Mythconceptions About Twin Conceptions-II -- Abstract -- Chapter 5: Identical or Fraternal? Telling Twins Apart -- Abstract -- Chapter 6: Biological Complexities, Myths, and Realities -- Abstract -- Chapter 7: Mind Readers? Twin Telepathy, Intelligence, and Elite Performance -- Abstract -- Chapter 8: Going to School and Speaking Out Loud -- Abstract -- Chapter 9: Human Behavioral Variations: Sex and Sex Differences -- Abstract -- Chapter 10: Good Twin-Evil Twin and Other Family Ties -- Abstract -- Chapter 11: Twins, Clones, and Other Extraordinary Pairs -- Abstract -- Chapter 12: Twin Spouses and Unrelated Look-Alikes: New Views -- Abstract -- Chapter 13: Of Two Minds: Old Questions and Fresh Answers -- Abstract -- Looking back -- Switched at birth and reared apart -- Worth a second look -- Mirror-mirror -- Two to one? -- Lost and found -- Multiple birth mothers and female twin daughters -- Special twins-special needs -- Gene hunt -- Appendix 1: What About Hellin's Law? And Does Weinberg Rule? -- Appendix 2: Right-Handed or Left-Handed? -- Appendix 3: Polar Body Twins: A Primer -- Appendix 4: Nancy L. Segal's Ten Classic Books on Twins -- Appendix 5: Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations -- Index

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. The Jim Twins (February - March 1979) -- 2. 15,000 Questions × 137 Pairs -- 3. Early Findings (1979 - 1983) -- 4. Sexual Orientation, Cognition, and Medical Traits (1984 - 1987) -- 5. Pivotal Papers: Personality and IQ (1988 and 1990) -- 6. Job Satisfaction, Cardiac Characteristics, and More (1989 - 1990) -- 7. Psychopathology and Religiosity (1990) -- 8. Dental Traits, Allergies, and Vocational Interests (1991 - 1992) -- 9. Creativity, Work Values, and Evolution (1992 - 1993) -- 10. Family Environments, Happiness, Sensation Seeking, and the MMPI (1994 - 1997) -- 11. "Larks" and "Owls," Ego Development, and Authoritarianism (1998 - 2002) -- 12. Twin Relationships, Social Attitudes, and Mental Abilities (2003 - 2005) -- 13. Sexual Development, Fluctuating Asymmetry, Body Size, and the Structure of Intelligence (2006 and Beyond) -- 14. Questions, Answers, and Twin Studies of the Future -- Appendix A: Funding Sources -- Appendix B: Glossary -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index.

In Identical Twins: The Social Construction and Performance of Identity in Culture and Society, Ncube conceptualises twin identity as a multi-layered dynamic that changes through performance, and explores twin identity through a social constructionist approach. Also addressing aspects of being misunderstood, as well as the idea of misunderstanding oneself, this is fascinating reading for students and researchers in critical and cultural psychology, and anyone interested in twin studies. Relocating the explanations that we gather in social research, including in qualitative research in psychology, the book focuses its enquiry on the social practices and interactions that people engage in with each other, not delving 'inside' the person. Using real-world twin accounts, the book maps out the social construction of twin identity, and allows for the twins' own voices to be examined in relation to twin experiences. Until now, mainstream twin studies have mostly sought to explain social phenomena about twins from 'inside' the person, providing their explanations in terms of internal entities such as personality structures with an obvious underlying essentialist assumption. By examining the theories of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, Ncube shows that the 'identity' of twins is managed in both an academic and cultural context, and in relation to specific audiences.

Twin Studies: Illustrious and Ignoble -- Separated by Design: Policy and People -- Inside the Twin Study: How Did It Work? -- Familiar Strangers: Twin Brothers with Twin Sisters -- Kathy and Betsy: "The Biggest Thing in My Life" -- Media Inquiry: Sixty Minutes -- Anne and Susan: Dancing Solo -- Melanie and Ellen: Identical, but Not the Same -- Doug & Howard: Parallel Lives -- Identical Triplets: Three Versions of the Same Song -- Sharon: Twinless Again -- In Search of the Findings: Unpublished or Unavailable? -- The Book That Never Was: Yale University Press -- Justin: Not Just a Doppelgänger? -- Paula and Elyse: Artists From Afar -- Paula and Marjorie: Opportunities Lost -- Michele and Allison: Fraternal, Almost Identical -- Letters of Protest: Oscars and Emmys -- Professional Standards: Codes of Conduct, Legalities and Moralitie -- Controversies: Over or Unfinished?

"As long as she can remember, Leah Dieterich has had the mysterious feeling that she's been searching for a twin--that she belongs as one of an intimate pair. It begins with friends, dance partners, and her own reflection in the mirror as she studies ballet growing up; continues with physical and emotional attractions to girlfriends in college; and leads her, finally, to Eric, whom she moves across the country for and marries. But her steadfast, monogamous relationship leaves her with questions she can't answer about her sexuality and her identity, so she and her husband decide to try an open marriage. How does a young couple make room for their individual desires, their evolving selfhoods, and their artistic ambitions while building a life together? Can they pursue other sexual partners, even live in separate cities, and keep their original passionate bond alive? Vanishing Twins looks for answers in psychology, science, pop culture, art, architecture, Greek mythology, dance, and language to create a lucid, suspenseful portrait of a woman testing the limits and fluidities of love"--

This volume examines cutting edge research in the study of biology and politics. Following an introduction from the editors it is divided into two main sections. The first part of the book explores the linkage between evolution, genetics and politics with initial chapters on abandoned baby legislation, a model of action and norms, and the biopolitics of primates. The next four chapters have a special focus on the use of twin studies to study political phenomena and provide a biological critique of twin studies, phenotypic measurement issues and twin studies, a survey of twin studies research, and an example of using twin studies to explore politically relevant behaviour. The second section looks at the relationship of brain science to our understanding of politics. With respect to the applicability of brain science it features chapters summarizing what literature exists as well as how to use neuroimaging techniques to study political behaviour