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Introduction. The relationship of IT specialists to representatives of other professional groups is built in different ways – from cooperation to conflicts. The important practical significance of the analysis of this problem actualizes the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the study and diagnosis of relations between IT specialists and representatives of other socio-professional groups based on an appeal to values. This is important for a holistic understanding of the trends in the development of the social structure of modern society.Methodology and sources. The multi-paradigm platform of work is formed on the ideas of two directions. Firstly, the fundamental principles of the theory of P.A. Sorokin on the sociodynamics of values in the process of social development are used; the ideas of D.A. Leontiev on the connections of individual and group values; approaches to the construction of methodological procedures for diagnosing values, set out in the works of V.A. Yadov and N.I. Lapin. Another part of the study is formed on the provisions M. Grannoweter's theory of the strength of weak ties. The methodological procedure of the study is based on the technologies for assessing the relevance of professions proposed by J. Holland.Results and discussion. On the basis of network models of relations between IT specialists, it is shown that interaction with professionals of various professional groups is carried out in different ways. The professional groups with which IT specialists develop tense relations are shown, which is due to the specifics of their professional competencies. The sociodynamics of changes in professional values is revealed as the status and role positions of IT specialists change.Conclusion. The conducted research shows that the attitudes of IT specialists to actors of other professional groups of external social interaction are built inconsistently and ambiguously. Relationships between IT professionals and other professions are formed more like relationships oriented towards different values and variables. In this sense, a group of IT professionals can be perceived as a special case. Unlike relationships within the group of IT professionals themselves, relationships with professionals of other specialties are predominantly situational in nature and are more likely determined by some specific conditions and circumstances, specific people and specific factors than by the unity or solidarity of professional values and interests.

It is a commonplace statement of modern historiography that aft er the transfer of the Don Cossack Host from the jurisdiction of the Ambas-sadorial Prikaz to the Military Collegium in 1721 it completely lost its autonomy. In recent years, however, such an assessment of the infl uence of the Emperor's Edict of 3 March 1721 on the position of the Don Cossacks is reconsidered. Th eir status in the post-Petrine period can be clarifi ed through the study of personal letters of the Russian autocrats to the Don. Th e research aims to show Empress Anna Ioannovna's attitude to the Don Cossacks on the basis of the letters she sent during the Russian-Turkish war (1735–1739). Th e letters as a form of cor-respondence between the supreme power and the Don Cossacks' community are examined in the context of the historical-typological approach to the study of historical sources, which involves the formulaic analysis. Th e article deals with the following topics: the place of letters in the system of legislative and clerical materials of the Russian state and the Russian Empire, the requirements to the letters, established by Peter I in the course of his reforms of state administration, the procedure of creation of letters in the personal offi ce of the Empress (Cabinet of Ministers) and the Senate, and peculiarities of letters, sent to the Don. Th e research of the imperial letters of 1735–1739 leads to the conclusion that during this period the Don Cossack Host was in a state of "special subjection": on the one hand, like during the rule of Peter the Great, it was directly subordinated to the autocrat, while enjoying at the same time a certain degree of independence, on the other hand, it received letters of diplomatic character from Anna Ioan-novna. Th e letters of 1735–1739 reveal the principle of mutual benefi t as the basis of relations between the Russian supreme power and the Don Cossack Host. Th is principle was declared inviolable not only in Anna Ioannovna's correspondence, but also earlier, in the Tsar's letters in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Radical changes in relations between Russian authorities and the Don Cossack Host started in the 1770s.

ABSTRACT: The debate between private and public education is a widely discussed issue in personal and policy forums globally. In Nepal, private schools have grown significantly due to the perceived advantages associated with them. This paper tests if there are significant differences in labor-market outcomes for individuals educated in private schools compared to those educated in public schools. Research Methodology and Data: We employ nationally representative household survey data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS III), conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Nepal in 2010/11, utilizing the Living Standards Measurement Survey (LMSS) methodology developed by the World Bank. We apply the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to examine the relationship between educational attainment and four distinct measures of labor-market outcomes: labor force participation, employment status, job security, and wage income. Initially, we estimate these outcomes separately for individuals in private education and those in public education. Subsequently, we calculate and analyze whether the disparities in estimated values can be attributed to differences in education. Our findings reveal significant labor-market disparities between individuals participating in private education and those in public education. Those with private education display lower rates of labor force participation and reduced employment rates, suggesting fewer working hours. However, those employed within this group enjoy more secure salaried positions. Furthermore, private education is linked to higher wage incomes, primarily attributable to longer educational periods. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition demonstrates that most of these disparities are associated with variations in educational backgrounds. Consequently, the results highlight the role of segregated education in contributing to labor-market inequality, emphasizing the impact of private schools in exacerbating economic disparities in Nepal. The findings underscore the significance of educational attainment in ameliorating disparities between individuals educated in public and private schools. To address these issues, policymakers should concentrate on strategies aimed at increasing the duration of education for public school students, such as providing free, quality higher education. By narrowing the educational gap between private and public institutions, the nation can work towards diminishing wage and job security disparities, fostering a more equitable society. These findings also have relevance for countries grappling with similar socio-economic challenges, initiating essential policy discussions.

The low level of development of this topic in Russian historiography can be explained by the fact that, most often, this problematics is considered through the prism of general issues of culture of the Soviet period, party and state cultural policy, aspects of intelligentsia studies.This study aims at identifying the artistic concept of the leftist direction in the visual arts of the early 20th century, considering its variability, showing its origins, relations with the Soviet government and within the artistic environment, analyzing the reasons for its prohibition and exodus for many decades.The article pays special attention to the genesis of the very concept of "leftist art", which was applied both in relation to new radical trends and in relation to the work of artists who considered themselves among the proletarian culture. The article attempts to separate the concepts of "avant-garde", "modernism", "futurism". The authors focus on the art of the avant-garde, whose representatives, at the time of the Bolsheviks' coming to power, took all the key positions and began to actively promote their creativity. The article pays attention to the reform of art education, as a result of which the Academy of Arts and the Higher Art School were abolished, and the Petrograd Art Training Workshops were created instead, where previous teaching methods were cancelled, talented masters were dismissed, and disciplines based on the principles of the avant-garde were introduced into education in the majority. The authors outline the changes in the traditions of museology, when, by the decision of the avant-gardists, museums began to be headed not by art historians, but by artists themselves, who became responsible for opening exhibitions and acquiring new works of art — at public expense and mainly of an avant-garde orientation.Based on archival materials and periodicals of the 1920s, the article analyzes the tasks of Soviet cultural policy, the art views of Soviet political leaders and art historians who were on the new government's side. The authors consider the political views of representatives of proletarian culture (Proletkult) and the reasons for their disagreements with party leaders. The article substantiates the conclusion about the discrepancy in the understanding of the role of fine art among the government, avant-garde artists, and Proletkult representatives.

The subject of research is the theoretical and methodological foundations of business ecosystems of companies. The purpose of the article is a study of features of process of forming and development of ecosystems, and also parameters that influence on her development status in a medium-term and long-term period. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical provisions of the innovation economy, a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: induction and deduction, system-structural analysis and synthesis, analogy and modeling, economic and statistical method, abstract and logical method and monographic method. Results of the article. It is established that in today's rapidly changing market conditions, the formation of ecosystems by companies is a progressive direction of economic development. However, these business models should be fully connected with business, or rather, small and medium-sized businesses should form the fundamental basis of the ecosystem, the main resource of which should be human capital and information. The concentration of these components will allow a business entity to develop new and modernize existing products, thereby better meeting consumer needs and, as a result, introducing the next stages of innovative development of humanity. Field of application of results. The results can be used in the activities of agricultural, processing, and trading enterprises, as well as in the research and educational process of agricultural universities. Conclusions. The development of IT technologies is provoking changes in the nature of competition: in the near future, it will not be individual market participants who will compete in the market, but new business models, such as ecosystems, which are able to fully meet the needs and expectations of consumers. Given the current trends in the international business environment, it is easy to predict that in the future, individual economic actors will not be able to maintain a leading position in any market segment and that they will be replaced by business models that are able to focus their efforts not only on the production of competitive products. Given recent events, the level of corruption, the share of the shadow economy, and the dynamics of macro-financial indicators, it is safe to assume that the country will continue to experience a decline in economic activity. In such circumstances, it is appropriate to look for new approaches to stimulate business.

Today, solid solutions based on antimony and bismuth tellurides are among the most widely used materials for the p-legs of thermoelectric converters used at room temperature and below. This paper presents the results of a study of galvanomagnetic properties (electrical conductivity σ, Hall coefficient RH, Hall mobility of charge carriers μH) of thermoelectric solid solutions (Bi1-хSbх)2Te3 in the range of compositions close to pure antimony telluride (x = 1 – 0.96) at temperatures T = 80 K and T = 300 K.

The study was carried out on cast polycrystalline samples obtained by the method of crystallization from the melt followed by long-term annealing in vacuum at a temperature of T = 650 K. Galvanomagnetic properties were measured by the standard dc-method, the experimental cell was cooled with liquid nitrogen. The measurement error of RH and σ did not exceed ± 5%.

It is shown that the introduction of the first portions of Bi2Te3 leads to a sharp decrease in σ, which is associated with a high degree of disorder of the crystal lattice. In the range of compositions x = 0.99 – 0.9825, the concentration dependences of σ(x) and μH(x) revealed anomalous growth of σ and μH. The presence of concentration anomalies is associated with the transition from dilute to concentrated solid solutions. An assumption is made about the percolation nature of the phase transition. Within the framework of the problem of spheres of percolation theory, within the framework of the task of spheres of the theory of percolation the radius of the deformation sphere of an impurity atom (Bi) is estimated. The obtained value is consistent with the short-range potential of the impurity. It is shown that the position of the anomalies in the σ(x) and μH(x) dependences does not change with the decrease in temperature down to 80K.

Thus, the observation of concentration anomalies of the properties for the solid solution (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 is another confirmation of the hypothesis about the universal nature of the behavior of solid solutions at a low impurity concentration. The detected anomalies must be taken into account when developing methods for increasing the thermoelectric performance of materials by creating solid solutions and doping.

The establishment of permanent, national consultative bodies for Indigenous Peoples is rare, but insight can be gained from comparative experiences such as the Sámi Parliament of Finland, previous advisory bodies for Aboriginal People in Australia, and more recently progress by the Khoisan in South Africa. Advisory bodies for Indigenous Peoples at the national level are often the victim of competing expectations. Governments tend to approach advisory bodies as fora for consultation on terms that are, in essence, dictated by government with the outcome being little more than non-binding recommendations, whilst Indigenous Peoples seek a form of co-government arrangement whereby there is some legal or policy requirement for their advice to be actively sought and sincerely considered, even if such advice is not legally binding. Four questions are the subject of this article: (1) how should an advisory body be composed; (2) what should be the policy or functional areas on which consultation must take place; (3) what is meant by an obligation to consult or to negotiate; and (4) can laws or policies be judicially challenged if there was a failure to consult, or if there is a failure to give effect to the advice received from the advisory body? The conclusion is reached that the enforceability of good faith negotiation or consultation obligations is principally found in the conduct and goodwill of governments, rather than by way of judicial review and oversight. Courts are unlikely to evaluate the substance of negotiations whereby the merit or reasonableness of proposals and counter-proposals become a matter for judicial consideration. Courts have, however, shown a greater willingness to consider procedural aspects of consultation such as the actions, behaviour, and conduct of the parties during the course of consultation, but with acknowledgment that at law good faith consultation does not necessarily imply a veto; it does not legally mandate an agreement; and it does not preclude a party standing firm in its position. It is noted that even in those cases where courts have enforced consultation obligations, actual consultation is usually directed at local projects that involve access to traditional lands, and not to general consultative rights or duties at a national level about national socio-economic policies.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the interpretation of Spanish dance in the choreographic productions by A. Gades. The research methodology. A set of methods typical for art analysis is applied. To study the peculiarities of the interpretation of Spanish dance in the choreographic productions by A. Gades, the problem-logical and general scientific method of modeling is applied, as well as the iconological method, that enabled a formal analysis and determination of symbolic meanings by revealing the national and cultural roots of the dance. Scientific novelty. The production activity of the leading Spanish choreographer Antonio Gades is studied; the peculiarities of the interpretation of Spanish dance in the process of working on stage productions are considered. For the first time in domestic art history, the choreographic performances by A. Hades «Blood Wedding, or Bodas de Sangre» («Blood Wedding, or Bodas de Sangre», 1974), «Flamenco Suite» («Flamenco Suite», 1989), «Fuenteovejuna» («Fuenteovejuna», 1994) are analysed. Conclusions. The study of the productions by A. Hades revealed a peculiar choreographic handwriting, the originality of the choreographer's decision and the individuality of plastic interpretations of Spanish dances. In the process of creating choreographic productions full of conceptual unity and depth, the master positions Spanish dance as a universal style with huge expressive possibilities, which allows him to non-verbally represent classic works of European literature in different parts of the world, in particular «Bloody Wedding» by F. García Lorca, «Fuenteovejuna» by Lope de Vega, «Carmen» and others. According to A. Hades, any work of art can be understood only in the unity of its content, means of artistic expression and cultural reminiscences (memory, echo, echo, which lead to comparison with something), which provide a kind of "connection of times" in the mind the viewer. The choreographer demonstrates this approach in the process of translating famous Spanish literary and dramatic works into the language of dance, turning to national dances, in particular the Pasodoble ballroom dance, Spanish folk dances Bolero, Cachucha, Muneira, Segidilla, Sarabanda, Sardana, Fandango, as well as dances in the southern Spanish Flamenco style.
Key words: Spanish dance, dance interpretation, flamenco, Antonio Gades, stage choreography, choreographic productions.

Introduction. The purpose of the paper is to show the prospects of the problem of actual infinity for understanding the ways of New European classical epistemology. The relevance of the work is due to the need to fill a gap in the history of New European epistemology, which today makes it difficult to understand the essence of its crisis. Such a lacuna was formed by the lack of grounds for the transition from the probabilistic concept of natural science, which takes into account apophaticism associated with the idea of actual infinity, to positive science, which presupposes a positive understanding of actual infinity.Methodology and sources. The author of the paper reconstructs and critically analyzes the attempts of the founders of New European science (Galileo and Descartes) to reform the ontological project of Nikolai Kuzansky due to the need for a positive understanding of the actual infinity. The author distinguishes between the reception of the problem of actual infinity in the New European philosophy and its objective state. Based on a comparative analysis, the author of the article establishes the identity of the logic of the development of the problem of actual infinity in the studies of Zeno of Elea and in New European epistemology, thereby testifying to its enduring significance.Results and discussion. The author shows that in the development of the problem of actual infinity, an objective regularity manifests itself, consisting in the fact that an unjustified assumption of the possibility of changing physical nature on the basis of the actual infinite really leads to a change in nature, but only the basis for this change is not actual, but potential infinity. This logic was reproduced in the history of New European epistemology. Thereby, mathematical natural science really turned out to be possible, but not on what its creators put in the basis (actual infinity), but on a derivative of it (potential infinity), and as a result it strengthens the position of supporters of non-classics.Conclusion. The problem of actual infinity makes it possible to understand the logic of the development of New European epistemology from its genesis to the modern crisis, and shows a deep interconnection between these two points.

PurposeThis paper addresses the emergence of strategic agility as adaptive capability to face the need to adapt to a constantly changing environment. Special emphasis is paid to governance mechanisms as a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities, investigating the dynamics and outcome in regards to the digitalization of supply chains and its socio-economic relations of its members.Design/methodology/approachA multiple-case study method is applied to explain the impact of a digitalization initiative in the form of an I4.0 implementation in a supply chain context. Building on qualitative in-depth interviews of experts in managerial positions, 16 cases from the manufacturing industry involving an I4.0 implementation across the supply chain were analyzed. Based on a conceptual design science approach, the CIMO logic (context, intervention, mechanisms and outcome) framework is used to investigate the interplay between agility as a dynamic capability and governance mechanisms.FindingsThe studied cases demonstrate an intensification of synergistic combinations of inter-firm resources to manage digitalization across the supply chain (SC). With the implementation of I4.0, competitive advantage along the SC takes higher priority over the competitive advantage in the individual or dyadic perspective. Strategic agility as a dynamic capability to cope with and adapt to the changing environment is hereby crucial emphasizing relational SC governance (SCG) as essential as a microfoundation to adjust the structure and management of SCs. Relationships, which allow competitive advantage as a SC balance out traditional power mechanisms within the SC hierarchy. Trust, collaboration and flexibility, aligned with common incentives in generating competitive advantages enable the SCs to mitigate uncertainty and risk while preventing opportunistic behavior.Practical implicationsThe study offers SCM managers in-depth insights into strategic agility and how to address the recent challenge of digitalization successfully. Identifying crucial dynamics within SCG mechanisms based on first-hand use cases, practical success factors for implementing I4.0 to optimize effectiveness and efficiency can be derived how to structure and manage future SCs.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the first insights examining the implications of digitalization and the role of strategic agility as a capability to adapt. Investigating the microfoundation of governance within this capability, this research provides insights on the socio-economic level, while discussing specific mechanisms how relationships of SCs evolve proposing relevant insights for future research.

AbstractBackgroundChemical pollution forms a severe threat for human and environmental health. While the risks for European lowland water bodies are well known, there is little knowledge on remote aquatic ecosystems and particularly mountain lakes, despite their importance for the provision of freshwater. Here, we critically review the current knowledge on the exposure and risk by chemical pollution for mountain lakes and present a tiered approach on how to advance effectively our understanding in the future.ResultsGenerally, pollutant monitoring data are currently incomplete, with many regions and substances having been only poorly investigated. More reliable data exist only for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, there is increasing evidence that even remote mountain lakes are exposed to a wide range of organic pollutants. Among them potent pesticides currently used in agricultural and biocidal applications, such as diazinon and permethrin. The exposure of mountain lakes to pollutants follows a complex pattern. Pollutants are introduced into mountain lakes via the atmospheric deposition and run-off from the watershed, but also local sources, like tourism and pastoralism. Our risk assessment and recent biomonitoring studies suggest that there are widespread chronic toxic risks on crustacean in mountain ranges. If mountain ranges are exposed to tourism and pastoralism, even acute toxic effects on crustacean are possible. Thereby, the vulnerability of mountain lakes to toxic effects has to be expected to be particularly high due to the harsh environmental conditions at high altitudes, the organism's traits, the insular position of mountain lakes and a lower species richness with increasing altitudes. Furthermore, there is little knowledge on the biological processes leading to the degradation of chemical pollutants under the environmental and ecological conditions of mountain ecosystems.ConclusionWhile the exposure and sensitivity of mountain aquatic ecosystems is currently poorly investigated, the existing data suggest that it is very likely that also water bodies as remote as mountain lakes do suffer from pollution-induced toxicity. To verify this suggestion and expand the existing knowledge, it is necessary that future studies combine a more holistic pollution monitoring with exposure modelling and links to biological effects. Only then will it be possible to obtain a more reliable understanding of the impact of chemical pollution on aquatic mountain ecosystems and to protect these fragile ecosystems.

The energy crisis experienced by the European Union and representing a serious non-military threat to its security has not bypassed Spain. This is a country with a high degree of dependence on hydrocarbon imports. However, the energy crisis there has a number of specific features. It began in autumn 2021, when Algeria – the main supplier of gas to Spain – severed diplomatic relations with Morocco and closed the gas pipeline GME passing through its territory. In March 2022, yielding to the pressure of Rabat, Madrid changed its position on Western Sahara, de facto recognizing its belonging to Morocco. Since the start of the special military operation in Ukraine and before the acceptance of the Moroccan autonomy plan, everything indicated that Spain could play a key role in meeting the EU new energy security needs through its privileged relationship with Algeria. Having temporarily normalized its relations with Morocco, Spain missed the opportunity to become a European gas hub, ceding this role to Italy. Currently, the very structure of the Spanish energy sector is changing, and the country is going to close all operating nuclear power plants. Madrid is betting on diversifying energy supplies, the Algerian gas is being replaced by the American LNG. Russian gas supplies to Spain, previously not so significant, continue to decrease. The country is set to make a serious contribution to the energy transition since it has numerous renewable energy sources, technologies, production capacities and developed infrastructure. Events in Ukraine have accelerated the already existing energy crisis. As energy prices increased, Spain put forward the initiative for the European Union to approve emergency measures to deal with it. The solution, according to Madrid, is the acceleration of the energy transition. Brussels has actually allowed Spain to set top prices for gas that is used to generate electricity, thus lowering the bills for customers. Within the EU framework Madrid has achieved recognition of the special energy status of the Iberian Peninsula, and together with France and Portugal intends to build a new gas pipeline that will supply Europe with green hydrogen and, in the transition period, with natural gas. In general, Spain, although not without difficulties, is rather successfully coping with the current energy crisis.

In the article, the author continues to acquaint the reader with representatives of the IMEMO scientific elite – academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who lead the most important areas of research at the Institute. Research teams engaged in the development of specific problems are united around them. Academician Aleksey Arbatov, prominent researcher and politician, deputy of the State Duma in 1994–2003, heads the IMEMO Center for International Security, which he has created. Its developments are implemented in real politics, and are also highly appreciated in the national and international expert community. Irina Semenenko, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, heads the Center for Comparative Socio-Economic and Political Studies at the Institute. She is known as a major specialist in the field of comparative political research, a comparative analysis of socio-political changes in the modern world. In the sphere of her professional attention there are tendencies of political transformations in Western countries and Russia. I. Semenenko has priority in developing the theory and methodology for studying identity as a resource for social development. Sergey Afontsev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, began his career at IMEMO as a laboratory assistant and has come a long way to the position of Deputy Director, Head of the Department of Economic Theory. He is known as one of the most authoritative experts on fundamental and applied economic problems. His professional interests include a wide range of issues: international political economy, economic and political models for analyzing the processes of economic policy formation, managing global economic processes, applied issues of foreign trade and industrial policy, attracting investments and managing economic specialization, Russian-European economic relations. Another major theoretical economist, Rostislav Kapelyushnikov, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has been fruitfully working at IMEMO for a long time: he is one of the best specialists in Russia in the new institutional economics, the Russian labor market, and methodological problems of economic science. All these specialists are the pride of IMEMO. They largely determine the high rating of the Institute as the most authoritative think tank in Russia in studying the problems of the modern world development.

"Reorganization" in accordance with the current Russian legislation is understood as such a significant change in a legal entity that falls under the five named in Art. 57 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation forms (merger, accession, division, spin-off of a legal entity, transformation). The goals of reorganization in the normal (ordinary) conditions of the activity of a legal entity may be different (expanding the territory or areas of activity, optimizing the management structure, etc.). In the current conditions - the introduction of large-scale restrictive measures (sanctions) by foreign states and international organizations against Russian legal entities - the state also turned to the use of reorganization to form certain measures of influence (counteraction) on such restrictive measures, based on the fact that their introduction puts Russian legal entities in a disadvantageous position compared to competitors from unfriendly states, since it deprives them of the opportunity to access their property located (recorded) in foreign states. This problem was especially acute for Russian credit institutions, whose assets were "frozen" as a result of the introduction of restrictive measures. To overcome the negative consequences of this, a special decision was made - the possibility of reorganizing a credit institution in the form of a spin-off of a Russian legal entity from it, to which the assets of the credit institution, to which access is restricted, can be transferred (Federal Law No. 292-FZ of July 14, 2022 "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation, invalidation of paragraph six of part one of Article 7 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On State Secrets", suspension of the operation of certain provisions of legislative acts of the Russian Federation and on the establishment of specific features of the regulation of corporate relations in 2022 and 2023"). The content of this Law, its differences from the norms that regulate reorganization in ordinary conditions, became the subject of analysis for the author of this article. The author shows which legal decisions are insufficiently developed from a legal and technical point of view, and which decisions can (and should) "move" over time from the category of extraordinary to ordinary

The purpose of this study is to highlight the current problems of the author's right to remuneration for contractual use of a work. One of the tasks of the study is to develop practical recommendations for ensuring the author's right to remuneration for contractual use through the prism of justice, taking into account the EU acquis. The work is based on the methods of synthesis and analysis, comparative legal method and formal logical method. The author's concept of fair remuneration of the author is proposed, which should be understood as a set of means for exercising the right to remuneration for contractual and non-contractual use of the work on favorable terms for the author. Fair remuneration shall be applied to the right of remuneration of the author for non-contractual use within the exceptions and limitations of economic rights, as well as for the contractual disposal of economic rights to a work, in which the author is the primal subject. The means of realization of fair remuneration include the form of author's remuneration and the terms of contracts that strengthen the position of the author. In the copyright law of Ukraine, the concept of fairness of author's remuneration as a general concept has a narrow meaning. The concept of fair remuneration in the copyright law of Ukraine applies exclusively to the non-contractual lawful use of works within the exceptions and limitations of economic rights, for which the payment of remuneration is provided on the basis of a direct indication of the law. It is proposed to extend the concept of fair remuneration not only to the non-contractual lawful use of works, but also to the contractual use of works, taking into account the proportionality of the author's participation in the income from the use of his works. Relevant amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" are proposed to provide information on the amount of remuneration received, amendments to the contract in terms of the amount of remuneration in case of its disproportionately low size. It is proposed to determine the author's remuneration in contracts for the transfer of economic rights and license agreements primarily in the form of royalty, which is a percentage of the income from the use of the work