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ALTHOUGH STATES ENGAGING IN FREE TRADE MAY GO TO WAR AGAINST EACH OTHER, FREE TRADE NEVERTHELESS PROMOTES THE AVOIDANCE OF WAR, ALTHOUGH NOT NECESSARILY DIRECTLY NOR INSTANTANEOUSLY. FREE TRADE PROMOTES PROSPERITY AND PROSPERITY PROMOTES DEMOCRACY. DEMOCRACIES DO NOT FIGHT EACH OTHER -- THAT IS, THEY CONSTITUTE SEPARATE ZONES OF PEACE. IN ADDITION, THERE IS SOME FEEDBACK FROM ZONES OF PEACE, WHETHER DEFINED BY HEGEMONY OR ALLIANCES, TO FREE TRADE. IN ORDER TO EXPLOIT THESE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE SAKE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND PEACE, THE WEST SHOULD MAINTAIN ITS UNITY AND DEEPEN ITS COMMITMENT TO FREE TRADE. UNFORTUNATELY, SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS ARE BOTH INFLUENTIAL IN DEMOCRACIES AND OPPOSED TO FREE TRADE. FREE TRADE AND RENT-SEEKING ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH ONE ANOTHER. THE FUTURE WORLD ORDER DEPENDS ON WHETHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIES SUCCEED IN SUBDUING SPECIAL INTERESTS OR WHETHER SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS UNDERMINE PROSPERITY IN THE SHORT RUN AND DEMOCRACY AND PEACE IN THE LONG RUN.

Description based on: 1989/90; title from cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article provides some of the first individual-level evidence for the domestic salience of territorial issues. Using survey data from more than 80,000 individual respondents in 43 separate countries, we examine how conflict affects the content of individual self-identification. We find that international conflict exerts a strong influence on the likelihood and content of individual self-identification, but this effect varies with the type of conflict. Confirming nationalist theories of territorial salience, territorial conflict leads the majority of individuals in targeted countries to identify themselves as citizens of their country. However, individuals in countries that are initiating territorial disputes are more likely to self-identify as members of a particular ethnicity, which provides support for theories connecting domestic salience to ethnic politics. That conflict has variegated effects on identity formation suggests the relationship is not endogenous. Our within-case analysis of changes in Nigerian self-identifications further demonstrates that individuals are quite susceptible to the types and locations of international conflict.