International audience ; Air pollution is an increasingly concerning issue in urban areas because of its impact on citizens' health. To tackle pollution effectively, accurate monitoring is a must. Precise stations managed by governmental or specialised institutions do exist, but they are both costly and bulky, which limits the potential to deploy them densely. However, recent progress in micro, connected sensors brings new alternative deployment schemes for dense monitoring by low-cost, imprecise sensors. For such a deployment to be relevant relative to urban air quality monitoring aspects, we are concerned with maintaining the system's properties over time. Indeed, one of the major drawbacks of cheap sensors is their drift: chemical properties degrade over time and alter the measurement accuracy. We challenge this issue by designing distributed, online recalibration procedures. We present a simulation framework modelling a mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) and we assess the system's measurement confidence using trust propagation paradigms. As WSN calibrations translate to information exchange between sensors, we also study means of limiting the number of such transmissions by skipping the calibrations deemed least profitable to the system.
International audience ; Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014–2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis
International audience ; Air pollution is an increasingly concerning issue in urban areas because of its impact on citizens' health. To tackle pollution effectively, accurate monitoring is a must. Precise stations managed by governmental or specialised institutions do exist, but they are both costly and bulky, which limits the potential to deploy them densely. However, recent progress in micro, connected sensors brings new alternative deployment schemes for dense monitoring by low-cost, imprecise sensors. For such a deployment to be relevant relative to urban air quality monitoring aspects, we are concerned with maintaining the system's properties over time. Indeed, one of the major drawbacks of cheap sensors is their drift: chemical properties degrade over time and alter the measurement accuracy. We challenge this issue by designing distributed, online recalibration procedures. We present a simulation framework modelling a mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) and we assess the system's measurement confidence using trust propagation paradigms. As WSN calibrations translate to information exchange between sensors, we also study means of limiting the number of such transmissions by skipping the calibrations deemed least profitable to the system.
International audience ; Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014–2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis
Thèse présentée sous la forme d'une "thèse article" ; Objectif : Toute altération qualitative ou quantitative du sommeil peut avoir des conséquences métaboliques, cardiovasculaires, psychologiques, ou sur la performance physique et cognitive. Les militaires représentent une population à haut risque de troubles du sommeil. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire les habitudes de sommeil et la prévalence des troubles du sommeil chez des soldats projetés en opération extérieure (OPEX). Matériel et Méthodes : Cette étude observationnelle, prospective, par questionnaires, a été menée dans quatre régiments déployés en OPEX en 2017. Le diagnostic des troubles du sommeil était établi selon les critères de l'International Classification of Sleep disorder. L'échelle de somnolence d'Epworth (SSE) était utilisée pour évaluer la somnolence diurne.Résultats : 498 questionnaires ont été analysés (96% d'homme, âge moyen : 25-45 ans). Le dépistage des troubles du sommeil révélait que 16% (n=37) des patients présentaient un trouble du sommeil (7% (n=16) d'hypersomnie, 8% (n=18) de syndrome d'apnée obstructif du sommeil, 1% (n=3) d'insomnie). Le dépistage de la somnolence diurne par le SSE retrouvait 30% (n=70) de patients somnolents dont 17% (n=41) de patients très somnolents. La somnolence diurne excessive était corrélée à une moindre performance (Chi2=25, ddl=1, p<0,001). Discussion : Il y a moins de troubles du sommeil chez ces militaires jeunes et entrainés que dans la population générale, mais ils restent trop fréquents tout comme la somnolence diurne excessive. Cela témoigne probablement d'une dette de sommeil chronique et d'une méconnaissance des règles d'hygiène du sommeil.Conclusion : L'existence d'une corrélation entre somnolence et performance vient souligner la nécessité d'une hygiène de sommeil correcte, d'une sélection appropriée des militaires projetés, et l'importance du repos avant la projection en OPEX.
Along the coast of North-West Africa, among the richest waters over the word, fish supply is important at both socio-economic and cultural levels. In this region, the small pelagic fish are the most abundant marine resources and are monitored using hydroacoustic stock assessment methods since more than three decades. These surveys have allowed providing to local authorities a sound scientific basis for deciding about the management of pelagic fisheries. A specific challenge is to know the representativity of these surveys with respect to the stocks targeted. In this work, we confirm this representativity for Sardinella aurita stock while for S. maderensis, a part of the stock could have not been sampled and for pour Ilisha africana and Ethmalosa fimbriata these surveys are not the best tool. Furthermore, Northward shifts in the distribution of sardinella in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem are recorded in this work and have been attributed to the redistribution of upwelling intensity and productivity, resulting in the abundance of sardinella decreasing in the inter-tropical coastal region. Here for the first time using independent observational time series, we report a robust northward shift in S. aurita since 1995 and attribute it to the strong ocean warming in the region. The observed spatial shifts in biomass in the last 20 years are of the same order of magnitude as those recorded for surface isotherms. Such changes will impact policy considerations in the management of food security in several West African countries and should be considered with respect to "Intended Nationally Determined Contributions". ; Le long des côtes nord-ouest africaines, parmi les plus poissonneuses au monde, les ressources halieutiques sont importantes tant du point de vue socio-économique que culturel. Les petits poissons pélagiques sont suivis au niveau sous régional depuis plus de trois décennies en s'appuyant sur les méthodes hydroacoustiques d'évaluation de stocks. Ces campagnes ont ainsi permis de fournir aux gouvernants une base scientifique en matière de prise de décision à des fins d'aménagement des pêcheries pélagiques. Un défi spécifique est de connaitre leur représentativité par rapport aux stocks ciblés. Nous rassurons sur cette représentativité sur la couverture de Sardinella aurita par ces campagnes. Par contre, pour S. maderensis une partie du stock ne serait pas échantillonnée et la méthode n'est pas adaptée pour Illisha africana et Ethmalosa fimbriata. Nous reportons des déplacements vers le nord dans la répartition de S. aurita et d'autres espèces de pélagique, attribués à la redistribution de l'intensité et de la productivité des upwellings [découpé en 5 sous zones du sud Maroc au sud Sénégal], diminuant ainsi l'abondance de la sardinelle dans la région côtière intertropicale. Pour la première fois en utilisant des séries chronologiques d'observation indépendantes à la méso-échelle, nous montrons un changement vers le nord dans la distribution de S. aurita depuis 1995 et l'attribuons au fort réchauffement de l'océan dans la région. De plus les changements spatiaux observés dans la biomasse de S. aurita au cours des 20 dernières années sont du même ordre de grandeur que ceux enregistrés pour les isothermes de surface. De tels changements auront une incidence sur les considérations politiques dans la gestion de la sécurité alimentaire dans plusieurs pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest.
High rates of occupational training-related lower-limb musculoskeletal [MSK] overuse injuries are reported for British Army recruits during basic training. Foot-drill is a repetitive impact loading occupational activity and involves striking the ground violently with an extended-knee [straight-leg] landing. Foot-drill produces vertical ground reaction forces [vGRF] equal to and/or greater than those reported for high-level plyometric exercises/activities. Shock absorbing footwear aid in the attenuation of the magnitude of vGRF, resulting in a reduced risk of lower-limb MSK overuse injury when running. The potential shock absorbing characteristics of standard issue British Army footwear on the magnitude of vGRF and temporal parameters of foot-drill are scant. Therefore, this study sought to determine the magnitude of, and examine changes in vGRF and temporal parameters of foot-drill across three types of British Army footwear. Sampled at 1000hz, the mean of eight-trials from fifteen recreationally active males were collected from four foot-drills; stand-at-ease [SaE], stand-at-attention [SaA], quick-march [QM] and halt. Analysis of a normal walk was included to act as a comparison with quick-march. Significant main effects [P
In this paper we will try to introduce some of the information that a group of 14 experts from different countries is discussing regarding odour regulations. The aim is to publish the first critical review over odour legislation in several parts of the world, analysing not only from a descriptive way any single regulation, but also from a critical point of view. This review will try to identify points to improve and will offer alternatives to some common issues when dealing with regulating the odour impact. The final paper will be published in a Journal not determined yet. ; Peer reviewed
Thèse présentée sous la forme d'une "thèse article" ; Objectif : Toute altération qualitative ou quantitative du sommeil peut avoir des conséquences métaboliques, cardiovasculaires, psychologiques, ou sur la performance physique et cognitive. Les militaires représentent une population à haut risque de troubles du sommeil. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire les habitudes de sommeil et la prévalence des troubles du sommeil chez des soldats projetés en opération extérieure (OPEX). Matériel et Méthodes : Cette étude observationnelle, prospective, par questionnaires, a été menée dans quatre régiments déployés en OPEX en 2017. Le diagnostic des troubles du sommeil était établi selon les critères de l'International Classification of Sleep disorder. L'échelle de somnolence d'Epworth (SSE) était utilisée pour évaluer la somnolence diurne.Résultats : 498 questionnaires ont été analysés (96% d'homme, âge moyen : 25-45 ans). Le dépistage des troubles du sommeil révélait que 16% (n=37) des patients présentaient un trouble du sommeil (7% (n=16) d'hypersomnie, 8% (n=18) de syndrome d'apnée obstructif du sommeil, 1% (n=3) d'insomnie). Le dépistage de la somnolence diurne par le SSE retrouvait 30% (n=70) de patients somnolents dont 17% (n=41) de patients très somnolents. La somnolence diurne excessive était corrélée à une moindre performance (Chi2=25, ddl=1, p<0,001). Discussion : Il y a moins de troubles du sommeil chez ces militaires jeunes et entrainés que dans la population générale, mais ils restent trop fréquents tout comme la somnolence diurne excessive. Cela témoigne probablement d'une dette de sommeil chronique et d'une méconnaissance des règles d'hygiène du sommeil.Conclusion : L'existence d'une corrélation entre somnolence et performance vient souligner la nécessité d'une hygiène de sommeil correcte, d'une sélection appropriée des militaires projetés, et l'importance du repos avant la projection en OPEX.
Posant ses bases sur la nature réticulaire des fêtes jésuites, reflet de l'organisation administrative et des visées universelles de la Compagnie de Jésus, l'étude se propose de comprendre l'effet de la fête en réseau sur la réception des messages qu'elle véhicule et qu'elle construit. Pour ce faire, elle s'attache à l'analyse des fêtes qui se déroulèrent en France pendant l'année 1622, mettant en relation le réseau des fêtes de canonisation de saint Ignace de Loyola et de saint François Xavier avec celui des entrées solennelles de Louis XIII. L'analyse synchronique de ces fêtes a enfin l'ambition de montrer comment elles établissaient un réseau à la fois conceptuel et concret fondé sur des pratiques de représentation et de démonstration du pouvoir politique, en contribuant à la fabrication de l'image de la monarchie et du souverain de France.
International audience ; Many active European volcanoes and volcano observatories are island-based and located far from their administrative "mainland". Consequently, Governments have developed multisite approaches, in which monitoring is performed by a network of individuals distributed across several national research centers. At a transnational level, multinational networks are also progressively emerging. Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) is one such example. Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes of the World, and is located at the greatest distance from its "mainland" than any other vulnerable "overseas" site, the observatory being 9365 km from its governing body in Paris. Effusive risk is high, so that a well-coordinated and rapid response involving near-real time delivery of trusted, validated and operational product for hazard assessment is critical. Here we review how near-real time assessments of lava flow propagation were developed using rapid provision, and update, of key source terms through a dynamic and open integration of near-real time remote sensing, modeling and measurement capabilities on both the national and international level. The multi-national system evolved during the five effusive crises of 2014–2015, and is now mature for Piton de la Fournaise. This review allows us to identify strong and weak points in an extended observatory system, and demonstrates that enhanced multi-national integration can have fundamental implications in scientific hazard assessment and response during an on-going effusive crisis
International audience ; Dealing with the energy management of a single converter hybrid power pack involving battery and super capacitor, the real condition simulation and the preliminary experimental results have been hereby given. Through of a suitable management of both super capacitors (Scaps) state of charge and the dc bus voltage, smoothed power demand is assigned to the battery pack, whereas high frequency power demand is managed by the Scaps pack. Because military vehicle application is the target of the related application, security-based constraints namely battery pack temperature, current and voltages thresholds, are taken into account. The developed energy management is applied through 16-bits Microchip microcontroller dsPIC33EP512MU810 by means of CAN and CANopen communication. The presented results need to be refined owing to the sampling time issues of the used CAN bus frames.
International audience ; Dealing with the energy management of a single converter hybrid power pack involving battery and super capacitor, the real condition simulation and the preliminary experimental results have been hereby given. Through of a suitable management of both super capacitors (Scaps) state of charge and the dc bus voltage, smoothed power demand is assigned to the battery pack, whereas high frequency power demand is managed by the Scaps pack. Because military vehicle application is the target of the related application, security-based constraints namely battery pack temperature, current and voltages thresholds, are taken into account. The developed energy management is applied through 16-bits Microchip microcontroller dsPIC33EP512MU810 by means of CAN and CANopen communication. The presented results need to be refined owing to the sampling time issues of the used CAN bus frames.
Part 3: Adoption and Diffusion ; International audience ; XBRL has been established as a financial reporting standard in the last 15 years. Many countries already adopting XBRL-based reporting system. In some countries it mandated by the government and for the other voluntary. IT adoption and implementation already existed as a separate process. To get more comprehensive analysis, this article aims to propose a unified conceptual model for IT adoption and implementation processes. A literature review on inter-organizational system (IOS) was conducted to reach that objective. This resulted in a conceptual framework represented by factors influencing adoption and implementation, levels of adoption and arrangement of the system. This framework will be used in further empirical study of XBRL reporting system or in broader, analysing the implementation of inter-organizational system.
