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The action which has been undertaken for more than two months by the ICRC in Cyprus, in accordance with article 3 of the Geneva Conventions relative to conflicts not of an international character, has recently achieved some appreciable success.

Die Einigung Europas ist einerseits weit fortgeschritten, während sie andererseits gleichzeitig größere Defizite aufweist. Diese Ambivalenz der Lage kennzeichnet auch die außenpolitische Handlungsfähigkeit der EG. In dem Beitrag werden in drei Schritten verschiedene Handlungsmarken Westeuropas in der internationalen Politik ausgelotet. Zunächst wird die historische Entwicklungslinie zur späteren Einbeziehung der Außenpolitik in den Gemeinschaften nachgezeichnet. Es wird gezeigt, welchen mentalen Reserven aus der Tradition herkömmlichen außenpolitischen Agierens heraus eine europäische Außenpolitik begegnet. Im zweiten Schritt werden das Potential und das Instrumentarium der außenpolitischen Handlungsfähigkeit der EG skizziert. Drei Instrumente stehen zur Verfügung: Außenhandel, Assoziierung und "Europäische Politische Zusammenarbeit". Damit verfügt die Gemeinschaft über alle klassischen Mittel der Außenpolitik. Die Analyse der Außenpolitik der EG in den letzten Jahren verweist jedoch auch auf eine Reihe von Limitierungen der außenpolitischen Handlungsfähigkeit der EG. Es fehlen eine gemeinsame Strategie und einheitliche Vertretung, ein Konsens über Ziele und Interessen, Transparenz und Effizienz der Entscheidungsprozeduren. Die Konzentration auf die Methode des kommunikativen Konsenses wird als hinderlich bewertet. Für die bisherige Entwicklung wird festgestellt, daß die Reaktion der EG in internationalen Krisen unentschlossen, unpräzise und ohne Wirkung ist. Neueste Entwicklungen lassen allerdings Korrekturen in den neunziger Jahren erwarten. (ICA)

Inefficiency of the international community in ending the Yugoslav civil war; role of the EEC, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and UN.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is at the center of the international monetary system. Such a position allows this institution to influence monetary relations among all subjects that enter into such relations. The aim of this paper is to ensure a better understanding of the establishment and operation of the International Monetary Fund, as well as the structure of the International Monetary Fund and its impact on the international monetary system. In this context, the paper addresses the question of whether the International Monetary Fund has the ability to be the main actor in regulating international monetary relations. In order to provide the whole picture, this paper first analyzes the reasons for the establishment of the International Monetary Fund, its legal position and organization. In particular, the authors focus on the changing role it played within the Bretton Woods International Monetary System, and the role it plays today.

On April 9, 1949, the International Court of Justice gave its judgment in the Corfu Channel Case. By eleven votes to five the Court gave judgment that the People's Republic of Albania was responsible under international law for the explosions which occurred on October 22, 1946, in Albanian waters and for the damage and loss of life resulting therefrom; by ten votes to six it reserved for further consideration the assessment of the amount of compensation; by fourteen votes to two it gave judgment that the United Kingdom did not violate the sovereignty of Albania by reason of the acts of the British Navy in Albanian waters on October 22, 1946; and it unanimously gave judgment that the acts of the British navy during the course of the minesweeping activities on November 12 and 13, 1946 did constitute violation of the sovereignty of Albania.

International crimes, such as crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes, are committed by individuals. However, individuals rarely commit such crimes for their own profit. Instead, such crimes are often caused by collective entities. Notable examples include the 'dirt war' in Argentina in the 1970s and 1980s, the atrocities committed during the Balkan Wars in the early 1990s and the crimes committed during the ongoing armed conflicts in the Darfur area in Sudan. Referring to Darfur, the Prosecutor of the ICC noted in 2008 that, although he had indicted a few individuals, 'the information gathered points to an ongoing pattern of crimes committed with the mobilisation of the wohle state apparatus' ... (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)

Japan, the largest net exporter of investment plays one of key roles in the in-ternational capital flows and has a serious impact on the global trends in this important dimension of international economic relations. Vast amounts of for-eign direct investment (FDI) outflow are important for the Japanese national economy as well, since Japanese overseas production in some areas reaches 40% and is an important part of its industrial potential. However, FDI inflow remains low, indicating an unbalanced participation of Japan in the international capital flows. Japan in international capital flows presents a field for complex numerous research. This article concentrates on analysis of dynamics and geographical structure of capital flows, reveal the trends, and estimate the effect of Abenomics.

ch 1. Introduction --ch. 2.The nature of international organisations --ch. 3.Conceptions of a new legal actor --ch. 4.The United Nations era --ch. 5.International organisations as a forum for treaty-making --ch. 6.Constitutive treaties of international organisations --ch. 7.Treaty-making by international organisations --ch. 8.Towards a codified law of treaties for international organisations --ch. 9.The 1986 Vienna Convention : preliminary questions and procedural aspects --ch. 10.The 1986 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Between States and International Organizations or Between International Organizations --ch. 11.The invisible continent : concluding remarks.