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ABSTRACTThrough a series of game‐theoretical models, this study systematically examines decision making in cross‐functional teams. It provides a framework for the design of an organization‐specific decision‐making process and for the alignment of a team's microdecision with the "optimal" decision that maximizes the firm's payoff. This study finds that even without changing the team leader, firms could change and even dictate the team's microdecision outcome via adjusting the team member's seniority, empowering team members with veto power or involving a supervisor as a threat to overrule the team decision. This finding implies that to reposition products in the marketplace, structuring cross‐functional teams' microdecision‐making processes is essential.

Are decisions by political parties more or less accepted than direct-democratic decisions? The literature on parties as brand names or labels suggests that the existence of political parties lowers information and transaction costs of voters by providing ideological packages. Building on this important argument, we posit that this informational rationale for parties is not universally applicable and is contingent on the context of the decision that is made. Intermediary political decision-making institutions may impose additional costs on voters in situations where the decision is perceived to be personally important to the individual voter. We conduct an experimental online vignette study to substantiate these claims. The results imply that a combination of representative democracy and direct democracy, conditional on the distribution of issue importance among the electorate, is optimal with regard to acceptance of a decision.

European Journal of Political Economy 5 (1989) 177-201. doi:10.1016/0176-2680(89)90044-X ; Received by publisher: 0000-01-01 ; Harvest Date: 2016-01-04 12:21:47 ; DOI:10.1016/0176-2680(89)90044-X ; Page Range: 177-201

In this paper we investigate how, next to traditional economic factors, governance and political arguments may contribute to the determination of the corporate income tax rates. Therefore we .rst extend a standard model of tax competition in order to introduce those new arguments; we nest that model in the theory of lobbying. Then we propose an empiri-cal test of that extension using two international data sets and we show that good governance reduces the rates; parliamentary system, especially plurality election, and religious or nationalist executives, push rates up-ward. Regarding traditional economic factors, economic openness has a negative effect on rates and market size has a positive one; though not robust, interaction among neighbors plays a role. JEL: H73, H70. Keywords: Taxation and political institutions, tax competition, lobbying, governance.

In this paper we investigate how, next to traditional economic factors, governance and political arguments may contribute to the determination of the corporate income tax rates. Therefore we .rst extend a standard model of tax competition in order to introduce those new arguments; we nest that model in the theory of lobbying. Then we propose an empiri-cal test of that extension using two international data sets and we show that good governance reduces the rates; parliamentary system, especially plurality election, and religious or nationalist executives, push rates up-ward. Regarding traditional economic factors, economic openness has a negative effect on rates and market size has a positive one; though not robust, interaction among neighbors plays a role. JEL: H73, H70. Keywords: Taxation and political institutions, tax competition, lobbying, governance.

European Journal of Political Economy 5 (1989) 177-201. doi:10.1016/0176-2680(89)90044-X ; 2016-03-04T18:47:27Z

Acknowledgement -- An approach to build analytics capability to solve business problems -- Introduction: the practice of analytics and the associated "conundrum" -- Where to begin : managing organization's data inventory for effective decision support -- Useful approaches to mining information : building intuition of tools -- Resolving business problems with (predictive analytics) : scoping the objectives -- Communicating analytical output: numbers or narratives -- Analysis to analytics : building the infrastructure -- The analytic "state of affairs" -- Perspectives on knowledge process adoption in emerging economies -- Appendix 1 Railroad cleaning service (case) -- Appendix 2 ABV tyre company (case) -- Appendix 3 Marketing mix modelling -- Appendix 3a note on regression models -- Appendix 4 Logit modelling : a note -- Appendix 5 Interview guide for our industry research -- Appendix 6 Select cases of analytics adoption in Indian organizations -- About the authors

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses people's participation in local decision-making in Canada. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Canada. To access the full version of the report on Canada, other practices regarding people's participation in local decision-making and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

The depleting effect of repeated decision making is often referred to as decision fatigue. Understanding how decision fatigue affects medical decision making is important for achieving both efficiency and fairness in health care. In this study, we investigate the potential role of decision fatigue in orthopedic surgeons decisions to operate, exploiting a natural experiment whereby patient allocation to time slots is plausibly randomized at the level of the patient. Our results show that patients who met a surgeon toward the end of his or her work shift were 33 percentage points less likely to be scheduled for an operation compared with those who were seen first. In a logistic regression with doctor-fixed effects and standard errors clustered at the level of the doctor, the odds of operation were estimated to decrease by 10.5% (odds ratio=0.895, pamp;lt;.001; 95% CI [0.842, 0.951]) for each additional patient appointment in the doctors work shift. This pattern in surgeons decision making is consistent with decision fatigue. Because long shifts are common in medicine, the effect of decision fatigue could be substantial and may have important implications for patient outcomes. ; Funding Agencies|Ostergotland County Council (ALF project); Ragnar Soderberg foundation; Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg foundation [MMW2014.0187]

Abstract: Policy-related research in general, and Impact Assessments in particular, are too loosely connected to decision-making processes. The result is often sub-optimal or even undesirable, as one of two situations arises: 1) much research is done; however, those with the real power to make decisions do not make use of all of the resulting information, or 2) advocates of contrary opinions struggle with each other, using policy-related research as ammunition. To avoid these unwanted situations, the connection between the world of knowledge and the world of decisionmaking should be carefully constructed, by connecting the process of decision-making to the academic research and carefully developing research goals in response to the demands of decision-makers. By making these connections in a stepwise manner, knowledge may generate new insights and views for involved decision-makers and stakeholders, thus changing perceptions and problem definitions. In this way, these actors learn about the possibilities of several alternatives as well as each other's perceptions, and thus can make educated decisions leading to the most desirable and socially acceptable solution. The way this proposed method works is illustrated using two cases in The Netherlands: the project "Mainport Rotterdam" (the enlargement of the port of Rotterdam), the project "A fifth runway for Amsterdam Airport (Schiphol)".