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Abstract
Late antique political Platonism was not unoriginal in its thought. The paper takes as an example the Justinianic dialogue On Political Science (ca. 550), which creatively engages with Plato's political works. It shows that the dialogue tries – and manages, as I argue – to combine two apparently inconsistent Platonic models: what I call the "divine" model, in which a philosopher-king endowed with divine knowledge rules unhindered by civic laws; and the "human" model, characterized by the rule of law. The divine model comes mostly from Plato's Republic and Statesman; the human one, from the Laws. On Political Science demonstrates that its (anonymous) author was acquainted with these three Platonic texts, in addition to other texts. That is philologically noteworthy, but also philosophically interesting: the dialogue manages to integrate the two models into a common framework. It puts forward an original political model, in which a philosopher-king, although endowed with divine knowledge, still has to be bound by civic laws because of his human frailty. The article concludes by discussing the polemical import the dialogue could have had in its Justinianic context.

The interest for the past represents one of the key elements of history of education and science andthe interrelation between the historical disciplines and the development of the societies has been proven to bemore than complex.From antiquity to contemporary society many scholars and laymen have reached for theaccomplishments, materials, arts and science, and even "wisdoms" and "truths" of the ancient "nations" and"civilizations", in their attempt to make new breakthroughs in science, or, even more important, to look for ideasand solutions to crucial acute and future problems and challenges of mankind.Yet, in the modernity, and especially in the period after the French revolution, the rapid growth andtransformation of the society brought new ideas for the future development of humanity. For many radicalprotagonists of "via moderna" historicism and the relation with the past and the traditions represented the worstpossible approach towards the development of science, education and society as a whole. Many modernscientists and educators in the twentieth century were striving to purify the science and knowledge from themyths, traditions and subjectivities or the past in order to create a better and a more humane society, which isnot struggling with the accumulated problems but rather looks towards the future and its upcoming challenges.Finally, in the last decades of the twentieth century the great global social and political changes andturmoil and the new trends of self-reflective research and relativism in social sciences have seriouslychallenged the ideas of value-neutral and absolute knowledge. The new scientific research in the last decadesin the fields of archaeology, history, sociology, anthropology and political science has revealed the greatinterrelation and the influence of the social, cultural and political developments over science, as well as thegreat impact of the knowledge, prejudices and misconceptions created by the scientists in the development ofthe contemporary society.Therefore, today the scientists and educators in the social fields, and especially in the disciplinesrelated to the past and the personal and collective identities, have an even greater responsibility for the sociopoliticalimpact of the dissemination of the knowledge that has proven to represent an important buildingmaterial for the future of all societies.

Intro -- CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A U.S. CARBON CYCLE SCIENCE PLAN* -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION -- SECTION 2. HISTORY AND CONTEXT -- 2.1. The 1999 U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan -- 2.2. Implementation of the 1999 Science Plan -- 2.3. Other Relevant Developments Since the 1999 Science Plan -- 2.4. Successes and Remaining Challenges -- SECTION 3. FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE QUESTIONS -- 3.1. Question 1: How Do Natural Processes and Human Actions Affect the Carbon Cycle on Land, in the Atmosphere, and in the Oceans? -- 3.2. Question 2: How Do Policy and Management Decisions Affect the Levels of the Primary Carbon-Containing Gases, Carbon Dioxide and Methane, in the Atmosphere? -- 3.3. Question 3: How Are Ecosystems, Species, and Natural Resources Impacted by Increasing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, ahe Associated Changes in Climate, and by Carbon Management Decisions? -- 3.4. The Critical Role of Observations -- 3.5. Dealing with Uncertainty -- SECTION 4. SCIENCE PLAN GOALS -- 4.1. Goal 1: Provide Clear and Timely Explanation of Past and Current Variations Observed in Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 - and the Uncertainties Surrounding Them -- 4.1.1. Motivation -- 4.1.2. Progress over the Last Decade -- 4.1.3. Major Uncertainties -- 4.1.4. Scientific Directions -- Establish a Continuity Plan and Continue Expansion of Carbon Observing Networks -- Conduct Manipulative Experiments and Process Studies to Provide Mechanistic Understanding of Responses and Feedbacks to Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Climate -- Develop Models Capable of Constraining Process-Based Understanding of Carbon Flux Variability -- 4.1.5. Related Issues.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Realism and Utopianism in World Affairs -- No Peace without Arms -- Perpetual Peace? -- Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism -- On the Study of International Relations -- World Politics in the Mid-Twentieth Century -- The Economic Road to War -- The Tragic Element in Modern International Conflict -- The Study of International Politics -- Courage or Perdition? -- Beyond National Interest -- Reflections on the State of Political Science -- History and Diplomacy as Viewed by a Diplomatist -- The Role of the Learned Man in Government -- The Ethical Dimensions of Diplomacy -- Realism, Neorealism, and American Liberalism.

White and deadly : sugar and the sweet taste of freedom -- Tragedies of emancipation : freedom, sex, and theft after slavery -- Thwarting neoliberalism : boredom, dysfunction, and other visionless challenges -- Freedom as climate destruction : guts, dust, and toxins in an era of consumptive sovereignty.

This book evaluates the early history of embodied cognition. It explores for the first time the life-force (Lebenskraft) debate in Germany, which was manifest in philosophical reflection, medical treatise, scientific experimentation, theoretical physics, aesthetic theory, and literary practice esp. 1740-1920. The history of vitalism is considered in the context of contemporary discourses on radical reality (or deep naturalism). We ask how animate matter and cognition arise and are maintained through agent-environment dynamics (Whitehead) or performance (Pickering). This book adopts a nonrepresentational approach to studying perception, action, and cognition, which Anthony Chemero designated radical embodied cognitive science. From early physiology to psychoanalysis, from the microbiome to memetics, appreciation of body and mind as symbiotically interconnected with external reality has steadily increased. Leading critics explore here resonances of body, mind, and environment in medical history (Reil, Hahnemann, Hirschfeld), science (Haller, Goethe, Ritter, Darwin, L. Büchner), musical aesthetics (E.T.A. Hoffmann, Wagner), folklore (Grimm), intersex autobiography (Baer), and stories of crime and aberration (Nordau, Döblin). Science and literature both prove to be continually emergent cultures in the quest for understanding and identity. This book will appeal to intertextual readers curious to know how we come to be who we are and, ultimately, how the Anthropocene came to be