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Purpose: The article aims to analyze relations between the direction of production of agricultural enterprises in the European Union and the level of investment in the years 2005-2018. As the research hypothesis assumed, the directions of agricultural enterprises' production in the European Union influence their level of investment. The additional aim is to draw attention to the most critical issues reflecting the significance of finances in investment decisions of agricultural enterprises. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study covers all the European Union member countries. The one-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was used to achieve the research objective. Findings: The studies prove that agricultural enterprises' directions in the European Union substantially diversify their values of the investment level. The most significant differences in the investment level were observed between the agricultural enterprises specializing in granivores and milk and the plant production agricultural enterprises. Practical Implications: The investment activities of agricultural enterprises result from their market activity and modernization of their assets. Decisions made by enterprises depend on their financial resources and have a significant impact on their development opportunities. The growth of owned fixed assets or the improvement of their quality may substantially contribute to the increase of the production potential of agricultural enterprises involved in plant production and animal production. Originality/Value: The existing literature does not present a detailed differentiation of the level of investment in individual types of farms, in line with the FADN methodology. ; peer-reviewed

The future of European Monetary Union (EMU) stands as one of the most important economic issues of the era. The author argues that in the event of macroeconomic shocks, rather than acting as a cohesive force, EMU could give rise to disunity. As EMU is not an optimal currency area, asymmetric shocks affecting each country differently could be critical to its future. The success of EMU depends upon the ability of institutions in the EU to satisfy the monetary and fiscal policy demands of sufficient numbers of national constituents, interest groups, and multinational corporations. This book employs principles from public choice to analyze the EU institutions that participate in the monetary policy making process of EMU and assesses whether they have the mechanisms to cope with asymmetric macroeconomic shocks. In particular, it examines the European Council, Council of Ministers, European Commission, European Parliament and the European Central Bank. This book provides an invaluable critique of the EMU plan and will be of interest to scholars of European economics, macroeconomics and public choice

1. Introduction -- Takis Tridimas and Paolisa Nebbia -- 2. Why Harmonise? -- Stephen Weatherill -- 3. Export of Goods and Services within the Single Market: Reflections on the Scope of Articles 29 and 49 EC -- Wulf-Henning Roth -- 4. And Then There Were Two: Products and Citizens in Community Law -- Jukka Snell -- 5. EMU and Financial Services -- John Usher -- 6. Internal Market and the Harmonisation of European Contract Law -- Paolisa Nebbia -- 7. The Development of the Ex-ante Control Mechanism Regarding Implementation of the Internal Market -- Rodolphe Munoz -- 8. The Member States' Powers to Adopt Emergency Measures in the Context of the Genetically Modified Food -- Feed Regulation -- Sara Poli -- 9. At the Borderline between Community and Member States' Competence: The Triple-Exceptional Character of Article 297 EC -- Martin Trybus -- 10. Competition and Free Movement: Their Place in the Treaty -- Peter Oliver -- 11. New Directions in EC Competition Law -- Giorgio Monti -- 12. The Future of Merger Control in the EC -- Penelope Kent, Vicky Allsopp and Penny English -- 13. State Intervention and the Internal Market -- Erika Szyszczak -- 14. Competition and Protected Services in the EU: Abuse of Dominance by Public Sector Undertakings and the Onward March of Article 86 -- Dermot Cahill -- 15. Justifying State Aid: The Financing of Services of General Economic Interest -- Andrea Biondi -- 16. State Aids and Bankruptcy -- Dimitris N Triantafyllou -- 17. Public Procurement and the Internal Market of the Twenty-First Century: Economic Exercise versus Policy Choice -- Christopher Bovis -- 18. The Institutional Architecture of the European Social Model -- Brian Bercusson -- 19. The Future of Sex Equality -- Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella and Annick Masselot -- 20. Partnership Rights, Migration and EC Law -- Helen Toner -- 21. The Race Directive, Institutional Racism and Third Country Nationals -- Fernne Brennan -- 22. Bio-Rights, Common Values and Constitutional Strategies -- Susan Millns -- 23. Biomedicine, Bioethics and the European Union -- Melanie Latham

Tax policy has a significant impact on the tourism sector, its development, employment, and the decision of tourists to visit a destination. The impact of tax policy on the price of tourism services also reflects on the tourism and travel sector's competitiveness level. The subject of this paper is tax policy in the area of tourism in Serbia and some neighboring and European Union countries (Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania). The aim of the paper is the analysis of tax rates in the tourism sector in the countries under consideration, and the level of tourism sector's competitiveness in terms of the impact of tax policy on business and investment. Methodological basis in this paper relies on the World Economic Forum data (WEF) on Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). Research has shown unfavorable position of Serbia, as well as most countries in the region, in terms of effects of tax policy on business and investment. ; Poreska politika ima značajan uticaj na poslovanje turističkog sektora, njegov razvoj, zaposlenost, ali i na odluku turista o poseti neke destinacije. Uticaj poreske politike na visinu cena usluga u turizmu odražava se i na nivo konkurentnosti sektora turizma i putovanja. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu jeste poreska politika u oblasti turizma u Srbiji i zemljama u okruženju, od kojih su neke članice Evropske unije (Hrvatska, Crna Gora, Albanija, Makedonija, Bugarska, Slovenija. Mađarska, Rumunija). Cilj rada je analiza stope poreza u sektoru turizma u analiziranim zemljama i sagledavanje nivoa konkurentnosti turističkih privreda sa aspekta uticaja poreske politike na podsticanje poslovanja i podsticanje investicija. Metodološku osnovu u ovom radu čine podaci Svetskog ekonomskog foruma (World Economic Forum – WEF) o Indeksu konkurentnosti turizma i putovanja (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index – TTCI). Istraživanje je pokazalo da je pozicija Srbije, ali i većine zemalja u okruženju nepovoljna sa aspekta efekata poreske politike na ...

This article investigates the competences of school leaders needed to develop learning communities (LCs) in the context of European school governance systems. It shows the output of a two-years project "School Governance to build a Learning Community" supported by European Union, with the involvement of Sweden, The Netherlands, Italy, Greece and Romania. Basing on an empirical research, we designed an "European Training Path" for school leaders who want to build LCs. The training path is planned to be sharable in the EU countries and, at the same time, differentiable on the basis of each country's particular needs. ; peer-reviewed

"The perspectives of academics and practitioners are brought together in this insightful work, which examines the war on terrorism, the Iraq war and the roles of NATO and the EU. The book analyzes the new threats posed by terrorist strikes and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction despite the total failure of Cold War conceptions of deterrence. It also delineates the key issues and problems that have arisen from the NATO and EU double enlargement and from the new NATO-Russian relationship. Casting light on the global and regional ramifications of the crisis, as well as the tensions in the transatlantic relationship caused by the war with Iraq, NATO and the European Union addresses the key policy questions that concern the maintenance of global peace and security."--Provided by publisher.

Intro -- Contents -- A European Crisis: Perspectives on Refugees, Europe, and Solidarity -- A Common Commitment: Civil Society and European Solidarity in the 'Refugee Crisis' -- Resisting Euroscepticism and Anti-refugee Populism in Europe: The Portuguese Case -- Bringing Solidarity and Hostility to EU borders: The Calais Camps at the Heart of French-UK Securitization of Immigration Process -- Not Securitizing Migration? Lessons From Spain -- The Refugee Crisis and the Re-imagined Politics of Belonging: Political Discourses on the Western Balkan Route -- The Vanishing European Dream: The Double Crisis of Migration and European (Dis)Integration -- Turkey as a 'Strategic Partner' of the European Union during the Refugee Crisis: The Challenges and Prospects -- The European Union Crisis as a Crisis of Equality -- From Identity to Morality Politics: Croatia's Nation-State-Building During the Crisis -- EU Responses to Refugee Migration: the End of (Security) Community? -- Note on contributors.

"Many citizens, politicians and political activists voice concern about the political influence of business in the European Union (EU). But do business interests really pull the strings in Brussels? Contrary to what is widely expected, this book shows that business interests are no more influential than other interests in shaping contemporary EU policies. Andreas Dür, David Marshall, and Patrick Bernhagen present an original argument that stresses the role of public actors in facilitating or impeding interest groups' lobbying success. Novel data on a large number of legislative proposals on the EU's agenda and three case studies present strong support for this argument. In this process, The Political Influence of Business in the European Union offers new insights in how lobbying success depends on the demand and supply of information as well as new ideas on how to measure lobbying success. The book advances a fresh perspective on the question of business power and sheds new light on why business interests often lose in the policy struggle."