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Polazeći od uverenja da u savremenom svetu postoji izuzetno visok nivo uzajamnezavisnosti država i regiona, odnosno nedeljivost bezbednosti na globalnom nivou,Republika Srbija se u svom delovanju na spoljnopolitičkom planu zalaže za afirmacijukoncepta kooperativne bezbednosti. Smatrajući da se razvijanjem procesa saradnje nabilateralnom i multilateralnom planu može znatno doprineti nacionalnojbezbednosti, zalaže se za jačanje uloge Ujedinjenih nacija kao svetske organizacije,dobijanje statusa članice Evropske unije i aktivno učešće u programu NATO"Partnerstvo za mir", uz stav o neutralnosti zemlje u odnosu na postojeće vojne saveze.Tokom prethodne decenije (naročito poslednjih nekoliko godina) evidentna jeekspanzija u pogledu upotrebe Vojske Srbije u multinacionalnim operacijama. Uzizuzetno povećanje broja angažovanih pripadnika Ministarstva odbrane i Vojske Srbije,proširen je i okvir delovanja – pored misija Ujedinjenih nacija naša zemlja učestvuje iu multinacionalnim operacijama Evropske unije.Kao jedan od osnivača Pokreta nesvrstanih zemalja, u uslovima blokovske podelesveta, Jugoslavija je među članicama Ujedinjenih nacija bila veoma zapažena zbog svogučešća u mirovnim misijama, čime je davala konkretan doprinos očuvanju mira u svetu.U izmenjenim međunarodnim okolnostima nakon "hladnog rata", priroda sukoba u svetuse bitno promenila (sa međudržavnog, težište sukoba je pomereno na nivo unutardržava), a samim tim i način njihovog rešavanja. Nastavljajući tradiciju učešća umirovnim operacijama Ujedinjenih nacija, naša zemlja daje znatan doprinos savremenimmultidimenzionalnim operacijama. ; Starting from the belief that there is a very high level of interdependence betweencountries and regions in the modern world, that is indivisibility of security at a global level, theRepublic of Serbia, acting on its foreign policy plan, advocates affirmation of cooperativesecurity concept. Considering the fact that development of cooperation at a bilateral andmultilateral level can significantly contribute to national security, it advocates strengthening ofthe role of the UN as the world organization, getting the status of the EU member and activeparticipation in the NATO programme "Partnership for Peace", taking into account the opinionon neutrality of the country in relation to the existing military alliances.During the previous decade (particularly the last couple of years) the expansion in termsof the Serbian Armed Forces engagement in multinational operations has been obvious. Inaddition to a significant increase in the number of the engaged Ministry of Defence and SerbianArmed Forces personnel, the engagement framework has been expanded – besides the UNmissions our country participates in the EU multinational operations, as well.As one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement, in the condition of the worlddivision into blocs, Yugoslavia was rather noticeable among the UN members due to itsparticipation in peacekeeping missions, thus giving a concrete contribution to peacekeeping inthe world. In the changed international circumstances after the Cold War, the nature of conflictsin the world has largely changed (the focus of conflicts has been transferred from intercountry toa level of intracountry conflicts), and the way of their resolution, as well. Following the traditionof participation in the UN peacekeeping operations, our country gives a significant contributionto contemporary multidimensional operations.

Semi-natural grasslands are essential habitats for pollinators. They provide high diversity of floral resources, but the amount of floral resources is strongly affected by the timing of mowing. For pollinator species that are active throughout the season, it is important that pollen and nectar are available over the entire summer at spatially relevant scales [1]. A key task for semi-natural grassland conservation is to understand the link between timing of mowing and the phenology of the plant species providing floral resources. Environmental schemes normally include recommendations for when to mow, but these are often simplifications of the traditional practices, which shaped the species rich meadows. Several of these schemes focus on one late cut [2]. In this project we investigated the linkage between flower resources for pollinators and traditional mowing practices of hay meadows. The study was performed in an agricultural landscape with a high cover of small parcels of semi-natural hay meadows in the village Botiza in Maramures, Romania where species richness of plants in the meadows is extremely high. By studying this low-intensity farmland we generated knowledge about management methods that can be used in other parts of Europe where such landscapes are lost. We botanically surveyed 37 meadows that were cut early, intermediate, or late in the season. The surveys were performed in the beginning of August, a couple of weeks before the late cut. We recorded all herb and scrub species, phenological stages and the number of reproductive units per species. These were used as indicators for flower resources for pollinators. Data were analysed in DCA and GLM. The species richness was not affected by the mowing time but the speceis composition of species flowering at late mown hay meadows were diferent compared to in the hay meadows mowed early or intermediately. The proportion of species flowering and flower density were highest in the early mown meadows. Estimations based on phenological stages showed that late mown meadows are the main pollen source in July, whereas meadows mown early are the main source in the end of the season. The results demonstrate that heterogeneous mowing times yields floral resources for pollinators throughout the summer season. Various mowing times at a scale relevant for pollinators therefore need to be considered in pollinator conservation in agro-ecosystems. This study (project no 230278) was funded by The Research Council of Norway and the Swedish Biodiversity Centre, (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and the museum of the Romanian Peasant. 1. Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., et al., Conservation of Pollinators in Traditional Agricultural Landscapes-New Challenges in Transylvania (Romania) Posed by EU Accession and Recommendations for Future Research. PloS one, 2016. 11(6) 2. Wehn, S., et al., Adaptive biodiversity management of semi-natural hay meadows: The case of West-Norway. Land Use Policy, 2018. 72 ; peerReviewed

The geospatial industry is forecasted to have an enormous growth in the forthcoming years and an extended need for well-educated workforce. Hence ongoing education and training play an important role in the professional life. Parallel, in the geospatial and IT arena as well in the political discussion and legislation Open Source solutions, open data proliferation, and the use of open standards have an increasing significance. Based on the Memorandum of Understanding between International Cartographic Association, OSGeo Foundation, and ISPRS this development led to the implementation of the ICA-OSGeo-Lab imitative with its mission "Making geospatial education and opportunities accessible to all". Discussions in this initiative and the growth and maturity of geospatial Open Source software initiated the idea to develop a framework for a worldwide applicable Open Source certification approach. Generic and geospatial certification approaches are already offered by numerous organisations, i.e., GIS Certification Institute, GeoAcademy, ASPRS, and software vendors, i. e., Esri, Oracle, and RedHat. They focus different fields of expertise and have different levels and ways of examination which are offered for a wide range of fees. The development of the certification framework presented here is based on the analysis of diverse bodies of knowledge concepts, i.e., NCGIA Core Curriculum, URISA Body Of Knowledge, USGIF Essential Body Of Knowledge, the "Geographic Information: Need to Know", currently under development, and the Geospatial Technology Competency Model (GTCM). The latter provides a US American oriented list of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of workers in the geospatial technology industry and influenced essentially the framework of certification. In addition to the theoretical analysis of existing resources the geospatial community was integrated twofold. An online survey about the relevance of Open Source was performed and evaluated with 105 respondents worldwide. 15 interviews (face-to-face or by telephone) with experts in different countries provided additional insights into Open Source usage and certification. The findings led to the development of a certification framework of three main categories with in total eleven sub-categories, i.e., "Certified Open Source Geospatial Data Associate / Professional", "Certified Open Source Geospatial Analyst Remote Sensing & GIS", "Certified Open Source Geospatial Cartographer", "Certified Open Source Geospatial Expert", "Certified Open Source Geospatial Associate Developer / Professional Developer", "Certified Open Source Geospatial Architect". Each certification is described by pre-conditions, scope and objectives, course content, recommended software packages, target group, expected benefits, and the methods of examination. Examinations can be flanked by proofs of professional career paths and achievements which need a peer qualification evaluation. After a couple of years a recertification is required. The concept seeks the accreditation by the OSGeo Foundation (and other bodies) and international support by a group of geospatial scientific institutions to achieve wide and international acceptance for this Open Source geospatial certification model. A business case for Open Source certification and a corresponding SWOT model is examined to support the goals of the Geo-For-All initiative of the ICA-OSGeo pact.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in The Philosophy of Homelessness: Barely Being on 6th August 2018, available online: http://www.routledge.com/9781138709737 ; A Philosophy of Homelessness is, in a number of respects, a ground-breaking work. It critically analyses the, for the most part, ordinary assumptions by which most of us in the developed world appear to live our daily, ordinary lives. These ordinary assumptions include rights of ownership, and the ability through ownership to fashion one's own living environment, for example by being able to decorate, add to and modify one's home, and therefore to express some agency about place, belonging and being; the capacity to engage in an economic system in such a way that allows a distance, an abstraction, a dissociation of the participant, including the participant's body, from that which is being exchanged; as well as a more general ontology that identifies and establishes the personal, the private, the condition that this - whatever this might be - being mine, again, including one's own body, and the intimate cradle of one's self, and thus one's soul. Our research about homelessness, we suggest, discloses these facets of our contemporary, mundane neoliberal experience as products of an economy of being that forges our beliefs and practices about who and what we are. This critical analysis, amounting to a philosophy, is engendered from the mundane experiences of a community of chronically homeless people; a community that we have known and been part of for over three years. For example: the taken for granted experiences of shopping and belonging are discussed through the prism of heroin dealers and addicts; the process of being a couple and wanting to have a family is understood via a homeless couple's struggle to live together and have a baby; the attempt to achieve financial independence is discussed by way of enforcers who collect drug debts for organised criminals; and themes of intimacy and privacy are explored through the lives of homeless sex-workers. Whilst the daily events of the homeless people that populate this work are arresting enough in themselves, it is their implications, their ontological and political implications, that are most shocking and telling about the brutal and parlous state of contemporary first world society, and the growing number of marginalised and dispossessed that it begets. The appeal of this powerful work therefore extends beyond an ethnographic and sociological analysis of homelessness in urban Britain; it provides a concrete opening for those interested in a radical critique, at the quotidian level of realisation, of the current global crisis of neoliberal beliefs and forms of organization. There are no other books on the market that undertake this work in this intimate, gritty, disturbing and irreverent way. By way of structure it achieves this by foregrounding in each chapter the lives of specific homeless people, which illustrate and develop the themes of being homeless.

The simulation of large complex dynamical systems such as a fire in road tunnels is necessary but costly. Therefore, there is a crucial need to design efficient models. Coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and 1D network modeling simulations of a fire event, a multiscale method, can be a useful tool to increase the computational efficiency while the accuracy of simulations is maintained. The boundary between a CFD model (near field) and a 1D model (far field) plays a key role in the accuracy of simulations of large systems. The research presented in this paper develops a novel methodology to select the interface boundary between the 3D CFD model and a 1D model in the multiscale simulation of vehicle fire events in a tunnel. The development of the methodology is based on the physics of the fluid structure, turbulent kinetic energy of the dynamical system, and the vortex dynamics. The methodology was applied to a tunnel with 73.73 m(2) cross section and 960 m in length. Three different vehicle fire scenarios were investigated based on two different heat reslease rates (10 MW and 30 MW) and two different inlet velocities (1.5 m/s and 5 m/s). all parameters upstream and downstream of the fire source in all scenarios were investigated at t = 900 s. The effect of changes in heat release rate (HRR) and air velocity on the selection of an interface boundary was investigated. The ratio between maximum longitudinal and transversal velocities was within a range of 10 to 20 in the quasi-1D region downstream of the fire source. The selected downstream interface boundary was 12D(h) m downstream of the fire for the simulations. The upstream interface boundary was selected at 0.5 D-h m upstream the tip of the object when the velocity was greater than equal to the V-c. In the simulations with backlayering (V < V-c), the interface boundary was selected 10 m further from the tip of the backlayering (1.2 D-h). An indirect coupling strategy was utilized to couple CFD models to 1D models at the selected interface boundary; then, the coupled models results were compared to the full CFD model results. The calculated error between CFD and coupled models for mean temperature and velocity at different cross sections were calculated at less than 5%. The findings were used to recommend a modification to the selection of interface boundary in multiscale fire simulations in the road tunnels and more complex geometries such as mines. ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [200-2014-59669] ; This research was developed under Contract No. 200-2014-59669, awarded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Objective In Colombia, the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) is 12.8%. To describe a standardized follow-up until 12 months of 1138 premature and/or LBW included in the Yopal KMCP (2014 -2015).Materials and Methods Prospective cohort.Results The patients are from the subsidized health care system (Colombia government), 58.2% live in the city and 24.6% at more than two hours from the city; 80.6% of parents are stable couples and 78.9% are employed; 69% of mothers started prenatal control from the first trimester. The most frequent obstetric pathologies were urinary tract infection and pre-eclampsia; 97% of deliveries were in the hospital; 55% by caesarean section. Majority of infants were late preterm; 13.3% passed through the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with 27% ventilated and 5.9% oxygen-dependent at discharge. At 6 months more than 50% had exclusive breastfeeding. Ophthalmology screening was performed in 54% (4.6% retinopathy), optometry in 72% and audiology in 70% (4.7% with hearing deficit). At 12 months 4.4% had abnormal neurological exam and 95% complete vaccines schedule. Lost to follow up was 35% and mortality 0.4%.Conclusion It is important to implement KMCP in intermediate and isolated cities to ensure a high-risk follow-up for all LBW and / or premature babies, to detect somatic, sensory or neuro-psychomotor development anomalies and to perform timely interventions. ; Objetivo En Colombia, la incidencia de prematurez y bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es del 12,8%. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el seguimiento estandarizado hasta 12 meses de 1 138 prematuros y/o BPN, atendidos en el Programa Madre Canguro (PMC) de Yopal durante 2014 y 2015.Materiales y Métodos Estudio de cohorte prospectiva.Resultados Los pacientes eran del sistema subsidiado. El 58,2% vivía en la ciudad y 24,6% a más de dos horas de la ciudad. El 80,6% de los padres eran parejas estables y 78,9% tenía empleo. El 69% de las madres inició control prenatal desde el primer trimestre. Las patologías obstétricas más frecuentes fueron la infección urinaria y la pre-eclampsia. El 47% de los partos fueron intrahospitalarios, 55% por cesárea. La mayoría eran prematuros tardíos. El 13,3% pasaron por cuidados intensivos con 27% ventilados y 5,9% oxígeno-dependientes al egreso. A los seis meses, más del 50% tenía lactancia materna exclusiva. Se realizó tamizado de oftalmología en 54% (4,6% retinopatía), de optometría en 72% y de audiología en 70% (4,7% con déficit de audición). A los 12 meses 4,4% tenían examen neurológico anormal y 95% vacunas completas. La deserción fue de 35% y la mortalidad de 0,4%.Conclusiones Es importante implementar PMC en las ciudades intermedias de Colombia que manejan BPN y/o prematuros para asegurar un seguimiento de alto riesgo que detecte anomalías del desarrollo somático, sensorial o neuro-psicomotor y realizar intervenciones oportunas.

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung der Republik Südsudan seit ihrer Gründung am 09.07.2011 und der dort aktiven Friedensmission der Vereinten Nationen aus einem völkerrechtlichen Blickwinkel. Die United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) wurde mit besonderem Fokus auf dem Schutz der Zivilisten untersucht, wodurch auf Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse geschlossen werden konnte, welche das Völkerrecht im Hinblick auf aktuelle und künftige Peacekeeping Operationen geprägt oder verändert haben. Anhand einer Gegenüberstellung der wichtigsten Resolutionen des Sicherheitsrats und einzelner Zwischenfälle wurde erkannt, dass die enorme Machtzentralisierung unter Präsident Salva Kiir und der SPLM, die extremen ethnischen Spannungen zwischen den Gruppen der Nuer und Dinka, die angespannte Grenzsituation zur Republik Sudan sowie die große Skepsis im Hinblick auf die Unparteilichkeit der Mission die Hauptprobleme bei der Mandatsumsetzung bilden. Zusätzlich zu all den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Aspekten, welche die Operation erschweren, gilt es sich noch der schwierigen Umgebung sowie der enormen Lebensmittelknappheit, unter der die rund 12,2 Mio. Bürger leiden, zu stellen. Bei der Bewältigung dieser Herkulesaufgabe kam es bereits zu umfassenden Fortentwicklungen der ursprünglich von den Vereinten Nationen eingesetzten Mission. So wurden unter anderem Fact-finding Missions zur besseren Determinierung des Mandats eingesetzt und inter-operative Kooperationen zum Ausgleich für mangelnde Kapazitäten eingeleitet. Die Einführung eines Frühwarnmechanismus und einer Regional Protection Force für die effektivere Reaktion auf Konfliktsituationen verbesserte die Mandatsumsetzung ebenfalls. Unabhängige Spezialermittlungen haben dabei geholfen, eine effizientere Ausgestaltung der Operation zu ermöglichen und waren daher für die Zukunft von UNMISS besonders wertvoll. ; The presented thesis describes the development of the Republic of South Sudan since its foundation on July 9th 2011 and the local peacekeeping mission of the United Nations from a perspective of public international law. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) was examined with focus on the protection of civilians, whereby findings and developments were found, which have made an impact on current as well as future peacekeeping operations and the public international law. With the help of a confrontation of the most important Security Council Resolutions and single, selected incidents it was found, that the extreme centralization of power under President Salva Kiir and his party the SPLM, the enormous ethnical tensions between the groups of the Nuer and Dinka, the difficult border situation to the Republic of Sudan and the skepticism regarding to the impartiality of the mission should be the main problems concerning the mandate implementation. In addition to all these political and social aspects, there is the extreme food shortage and the tough environment, the approximately 12,2 Mio. inhabitants of South Sudan have to cope with, which makes the accomplishment of the tasks for the UN-personnel even harder. During the last couple of years huge enhancements compared to the original mission have already been made. Amongst other things fact-finding missions for a better mandate-determination were established and an inter-operative cooperation was initiated to help out with shortages concerning personnel and gear. The establishment of an early-warning-mechanism and a Regional Protection Force helped to make a quicker reaction in situations of conflict possible and therefore improved the mandate implementation. Independent special investigations helped to achieve a more efficient way of operating and were therefore very precious for the future of UNMISS. ; vorgelegt von Camille Bernhart ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)2679563

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui (1) Biografi I Gusti Ayu Rija; (2) nilai-nilai karakter yang tersurat dan tersirat dari sosok I Gusti Ayu Rija; dan (3) nilai-nilai karakter dari I Gusti Ayu Rija yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar sejarah di SMA berbasis kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan sejarah yaiutu: (1) pengumpulan sumber (heuristic); (2) kritik sumber; (3) interpretasi; dan (4) penulisan sejarah (historiografi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa I Gusti Ayu Rija adalah putri ke-3 dari 7 bersaudara dari pasangan I Gusti Bagus Negara (putra generasi ke XI puri Anyar) dengan I Gusti Ngurah Rai dari Katiasa. I Gusti Ayu Rija lahir di puri Anyar, masa kecilnya kebanyakn dihabiskan bergaul dengan masyarakat biasa sehingga tumbuh besar menjadi seorang pejuang masa revolusi fisik di Buleleng 1946-1949. Nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung pada sosok I Gusti Ayu Rija antara lain: (1) relegius; (2) jujur; (3) disiplin; (4) bertanggung jawab; (5) kerja keras; (6) percaya diri; (7) mandiri; (8) sadar diri; (9) patuh pada aturan sosial; (10) respek; (11) demokratis; (12) nasionalis; (13) suka menolong; (14) tangguh; dan (15) berani mengambil resiko. Nilai-nilai karakter I Gusti Ayu Rija dapat dimasukkan dalam sumber belajar sejarah SMA berbasis kurikulum 2013 kelas XI pada materi pokok "Perjuangan mempertahankan kemerdekaan dari ancaman sekutu dan Belanda".Kata Kunci : Biografi, Nilai-Nilai Karakter, Kurikulum 2013 This study aims to know (1) I Gusti Ayu Rija's biography; (2) the values of explicit and implicit character of the figure I Gusti Ayu Rija; and (3) of character values of I Gusti Ayu Rija which can be used as a source of learning in high school history curriculum based on 2013. This study uses historical writing namely: (1) the collection of resources (heuristic); (2) source criticism; (3) interpretation; and (4) the writing of history (historiography). The results showed that I Gusti Ayu Rija is the daughter of the 3rd of seven children of the couple I Gusti Bagus Negara (son generation to Anyar castle XI) with I Gusti Ngurah Rai from Katiasa. I Gusti Ayu Rija was born in the castle Anyar, mostly spent her childhood mingle with ordinary people that grow up to be a fighter the physical revolution in Buleleng 1946-1949. Character values embodied in the figure of I Gusti Ayu Rija, among others: (1) religious; (2) to be honest; (3) discipline; (4) is responsible; (5) hard work; (6) self-reliant; (7) independently; (8) self-conscious; (9) comply with social rules; (10) respect; (11) democratic; (12) nationalist; (13) prefer; (14) resilient; and (15) take risks. The values of I Gusti Ayu Rija characters can be entered in the source-based high school curriculum learning the history of class XI in 2013 on the subject matter "The struggle to defend the independence of the threat of allies and the Netherlands".keyword : Biography, Values Character, Curriculum 2013

Objetivo En Colombia, la incidencia de prematurez y bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es del 12,8%. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el seguimiento estandarizado hasta 12 meses de 1 138 prematuros y/o BPN, atendidos en el Programa Madre Canguro (PMC) de Yopal durante 2014 y 2015.Materiales y Métodos Estudio de cohorte prospectiva.Resultados Los pacientes eran del sistema subsidiado. El 58,2% vivía en la ciudad y 24,6% a más de dos horas de la ciudad. El 80,6% de los padres eran parejas estables y 78,9% tenía empleo. El 69% de las madres inició control prenatal desde el primer trimestre. Las patologías obstétricas más frecuentes fueron la infección urinaria y la pre-eclampsia. El 47% de los partos fueron intrahospitalarios, 55% por cesárea. La mayoría eran prematuros tardíos. El 13,3% pasaron por cuidados intensivos con 27% ventilados y 5,9% oxígeno-dependientes al egreso. A los seis meses, más del 50% tenía lactancia materna exclusiva. Se realizó tamizado de oftalmología en 54% (4,6% retinopatía), de optometría en 72% y de audiología en 70% (4,7% con déficit de audición). A los 12 meses 4,4% tenían examen neurológico anormal y 95% vacunas completas. La deserción fue de 35% y la mortalidad de 0,4%.Conclusiones Es importante implementar PMC en las ciudades intermedias de Colombia que manejan BPN y/o prematuros para asegurar un seguimiento de alto riesgo que detecte anomalías del desarrollo somático, sensorial o neuro-psicomotor y realizar intervenciones oportunas. ; Objective In Colombia, the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) is 12.8%. To describe a standardized follow-up until 12 months of 1138 premature and/or LBW included in the Yopal KMCP (2014 -2015).Materials and Methods Prospective cohort.Results The patients are from the subsidized health care system (Colombia government), 58.2% live in the city and 24.6% at more than two hours from the city; 80.6% of parents are stable couples and 78.9% are employed; 69% of mothers started prenatal control from the first trimester. The most frequent obstetric pathologies were urinary tract infection and pre-eclampsia; 97% of deliveries were in the hospital; 55% by caesarean section. Majority of infants were late preterm; 13.3% passed through the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with 27% ventilated and 5.9% oxygen-dependent at discharge. At 6 months more than 50% had exclusive breastfeeding. Ophthalmology screening was performed in 54% (4.6% retinopathy), optometry in 72% and audiology in 70% (4.7% with hearing deficit). At 12 months 4.4% had abnormal neurological exam and 95% complete vaccines schedule. Lost to follow up was 35% and mortality 0.4%.Conclusion It is important to implement KMCP in intermediate and isolated cities to ensure a high-risk follow-up for all LBW and / or premature babies, to detect somatic, sensory or neuro-psychomotor development anomalies and to perform timely interventions.

El período 2007-2015 en Argentina es usualmente caracterizado como un período de alta conflictividad política. Del universo de conflictos políticos que tuvieron lugar en este período, nos interesamos en aquellos cuyo desarrollo se produjo dentro de las instituciones judiciales argentinas y, más específicamente, en aquellos en los cuales la judicialización fue promovida « desde arriba ». A los efectos de comprender este fenómeno, procedemos en tres tiempos. En un primer tiempo, analizamos los diferentes elementos institucionales, socio-históricos y políticos que nos permiten dibujar los contornos de la judicialización argentina. El sistema de control de constitucionalidad, los antecedentes de juicios por delitos de lesa humanidad y los cambios en el modelo económico tienen una importancia mayor en esta sección. Seguidamente, analizamos como la institución judicial es política y como hace política. Mostraremos que la institución judicial siempre intervino en asuntos políticos en Argentina. Analizaremos también los cambios en la manera en que los jueces introducen su voz en el espacio público enfocándonos en la creación de la agencia de prensa del Podes Judicial: el "Centro de Información Judicial". Analizaremos, a través la dupla conceptual judicialización- juridización, como la aparición de discursos políticos dentro de la institución judicial produce conflictos en el campo jurídico. Finalmente, en una tercera parte, analizamos el funcionamiento de la judicialización de la política durante el período 2007-2017 teniendo como eje central el caso de la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual y complementando con el análisis de otros casos. ; En Argentine, la période allant de 2007 à 2015 est généralement considérée comme un moment de forte conflictualité politique. Parmi les divers conflits, nous nous intéresserons ici à ceux qui ont eu lieu au sein des institutions judiciaires et ceux dont la judiciarisation a été promue « par le haut ». Pour comprendre le fonctionnement de ce phénomène, nous développerons une analyse sociologique et juridique en trois temps. Premièrement, nous analyserons les éléments institutionnels, socio-historiques et politiques qui dessinent les contours de la judiciarisation argentine, dont les composantes majeures sont le système de contrôle de constitutionnalité, les antécédents des procès pour crimes contre l'humanité et les changements économiques. Puis, nous analyserons comment l'institution judiciaire est politique et fait de la politique. Nous montrerons d'abord que l'institution judiciaire a toujours participé aux affaires politiques en Argentine, mais qu'il existe néanmoins des changements dans la façon dont les juges font entendre leur voix dans l'espace public. À cet égard, nous aborderons la création de l'agence de presse du pouvoir judiciaire, le « Centre d'Information Judiciaire ». À travers l'étude du couple conceptuel judiciarisation. Pour finir, nous étudierons en troisième partie, à la lumière des analyses précédentes, le fonctionnement de la judiciarisation de la politique entre 2007 et 2015, à travers l'étude d'un exemple concret, à savoir celui de la Loi des Services de Communication Audiovisuelle, dont nous compléterons l'analyse en faisant appel à d'autres exemples.

Accumulation and toxicity of cadmium, lead and thallium in duckweed (Lemna minor L.) The toxicity and accumulation of lead, cadmium and thallium in the aquatic plant Lemna minor was investigated, using a modification of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standard growth inhibition test. Plants were cultured in modified Swedish Institute Standard (SIS) at pH 6.5±0.5 under 85 µmol m-2 S-1 at 25°C and exposed to a wide range of lead, cadmium, and thallium concentrations from environmentally realistic to very high concentrations (0.001, 0.01,0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 µmol L-1) for seven days. Various physico-biochemical endpoints were measured after seven days of exposure. The concentrations of dissolved lead, cadmium, and thallium remaining in the residual solutions, and accumulation of lead, cadmium and thallium in fronds and roots were assessed using Inductively Couple Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Over the exposure duration, lead, cadmium, and thallium concentrations in solution decreased rapidly and chlorosis was observed in fronds exposed to the three highest lead, cadmium, and thallium concentrations. After seven days of exposure, there were significant decreases in the relative growth rate (RGR), relative frond area (RFA), pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid) and activity of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 µmol L-1Pb, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 µmol L-1cd, 0.01,0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 µmol L-1TI. However, our results suggested that root elongation based on relative growth rate of L. minor will be an optimal and relevant endpoint in compare to other endpoints. As expected, results demonstrated that root elongation was concluded that root length was most predictive of a dose response model compared to the rest of growth endpoints and physiological and biochemical endpoints when assessing toxicity of lead, cadmium and thallium using L. minor. Toxicity testing for the floating macrophytes should include root elongation measurement which alone will be sufficient to meet sensitivity and variability requirements for toxicity testing. Cellular concentrations of lead, cadmium, and thallium were higher in roots than fronds, whereas more lead, cadmium, and thallium was adsorbed to the extracellular matrix of fronds than roots. The bio - concentration factor (BCF; i.e. lead concentration in plant tissue at day seven relative to residual lead concentration in the growth medium at day seven) indicates that L. minor is a good accumulator of lead, cadmium, and thallium particularly at lower concentration, but the physiological data shows that these metals toxic at concentrations that can be encountered in wastewater treatment facilities. The translocation factor (TF) value was found to be less than 1. Though, lead, cadmium and Thallium was mostly stored in roots, only minor amounts of lead, cadmium and thallium were trans located to fronds. ; KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

Družinska mediacija se je v Sloveniji na okrožnih in ostalih sodiščih začela intenzivno uveljavljati z letom 2010, in sicer po sprejemu Zakona o alternativnem reševanju sodnih sporov leto prej. Zakon v 4. členu namreč določa obveznost prvostopenjskim sodiščem (okrajnim, okrožnim in delovnim) ter višjim sodiščem in Višjemu delovnemu in socialnemu sodišču, da sprejmejo in uveljavijo programe alternativnega reševanja sporov, v okviru katerih je obvezno potrebno zagotoviti mediacijo kot obliko ARS. Družinska mediacija kot podvrsta mediacije je proces, v katerem nepristranska tretja oseba pomaga udeležencem, ki so se znašli v situaciji razpada družine, še posebej parom ob ločitvi ali razvezi, da se bolje sporazumevajo med seboj ter se sporazumno in zavestno odločijo o nekaterih ali vseh zadevah glede ločitve, razveze, otrok, financ ali lastnine ter tako pripomorejo k izboljšanju komunikacije med strankama. Magistrsko delo na kratko predstavi pojem alternativnega reševanja sporov ter podlago za izvajanje programov alternativnega reševanja sporov, natančneje pa se osredotoči na sam pojem družinske mediacije, na njene podlage za izvajanje v Sloveniji ter njena temeljna načela, posebnosti in prednosti. Del magistrskega dela so tudi predstavljeni statistični podatki posameznih okrožnih sodišč od začetka izvajanja družinske mediacije posameznega okrožnega sodišča do leta 2017 glede števila zadev, ki se rešujejo z družinsko mediacijo, ter sama uspešnost družinske mediacije. Ta se osredotoča na pojem uspešnosti družinske mediacije ter možnemu trendu naraščanja uspešnosti zaradi vedno večje urejenosti družinske mediacije na zakonodajnem področju. ; Family mediation has been intensely enforced in district courts since 2010 due to adoption of the Law of alternative dispute resolution in litigation one year prior. The law regulates that all first instance courts (district and labour courts), higher courts and The higher labour and social court must accept and enforce alternative dispute resolution programs in which mediation is an important method they must provide within those programs. Family mediation is a process in which the third, neutral person helps the participants, who are a part of a family breakup, especially couples throughout divorce, to communicate better with each other and that the participants agreeably and conciously make decisions about some or all matters referring their divorce, finances, children or property during their dispute. This third neutral person helps the participants improve their communication with each other. Master's thesis represents alternative dispute resolution program and the legislative basis for implementation of ADR programs. It focuses more precisely on the concept of family mediation, its legislative basis for implementation in Slovenia, fundamental principles of family mediation, special features and advantages of family mediation. An important part of master's thesis are statistics of district courts on family mediation from the beginning until 2017 about the number of cases, which are being solved with the help of family mediation and the number of cases that have been succesfully solved with the family mediation. It focuses on possible trends of constant higher number of succesfully closed cases with family mediation and its connection to better legislative basis of ADR in Slovenia.

El período 2007-2015 en Argentina es usualmente caracterizado como un período de alta conflictividad política. Del universo de conflictos políticos que tuvieron lugar en este período, nos interesamos en aquellos cuyo desarrollo se produjo dentro de las instituciones judiciales argentinas y, más específicamente, en aquellos en los cuales la judicialización fue promovida « desde arriba ». A los efectos de comprender este fenómeno, procedemos en tres tiempos. En un primer tiempo, analizamos los diferentes elementos institucionales, socio-históricos y políticos que nos permiten dibujar los contornos de la judicialización argentina. El sistema de control de constitucionalidad, los antecedentes de juicios por delitos de lesa humanidad y los cambios en el modelo económico tienen una importancia mayor en esta sección. Seguidamente, analizamos como la institución judicial es política y como hace política. Mostraremos que la institución judicial siempre intervino en asuntos políticos en Argentina. Analizaremos también los cambios en la manera en que los jueces introducen su voz en el espacio público enfocándonos en la creación de la agencia de prensa del Podes Judicial: el "Centro de Información Judicial". Analizaremos, a través la dupla conceptual judicialización- juridización, como la aparición de discursos políticos dentro de la institución judicial produce conflictos en el campo jurídico. Finalmente, en una tercera parte, analizamos el funcionamiento de la judicialización de la política durante el período 2007-2017 teniendo como eje central el caso de la Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual y complementando con el análisis de otros casos. ; En Argentine, la période allant de 2007 à 2015 est généralement considérée comme un moment de forte conflictualité politique. Parmi les divers conflits, nous nous intéresserons ici à ceux qui ont eu lieu au sein des institutions judiciaires et ceux dont la judiciarisation a été promue « par le haut ». Pour comprendre le fonctionnement de ce phénomène, nous développerons une analyse sociologique et juridique en trois temps. Premièrement, nous analyserons les éléments institutionnels, socio-historiques et politiques qui dessinent les contours de la judiciarisation argentine, dont les composantes majeures sont le système de contrôle de constitutionnalité, les antécédents des procès pour crimes contre l'humanité et les changements économiques. Puis, nous analyserons comment l'institution judiciaire est politique et fait de la politique. Nous montrerons d'abord que l'institution judiciaire a toujours participé aux affaires politiques en Argentine, mais qu'il existe néanmoins des changements dans la façon dont les juges font entendre leur voix dans l'espace public. À cet égard, nous aborderons la création de l'agence de presse du pouvoir judiciaire, le « Centre d'Information Judiciaire ». À travers l'étude du couple conceptuel judiciarisation. Pour finir, nous étudierons en troisième partie, à la lumière des analyses précédentes, le fonctionnement de la judiciarisation de la politique entre 2007 et 2015, à travers l'étude d'un exemple concret, à savoir celui de la Loi des Services de Communication Audiovisuelle, dont nous compléterons l'analyse en faisant appel à d'autres exemples.

BACKGROUND The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), launched in 2000, has the target of eliminating the disease as a public health problem by the year 2020. The strategy adopted is mass drug administration (MDA) to all eligible individuals in endemic communities and the implementation of measures to reduce the morbidity of those suffering from chronic disease. Success has been recorded in many rural endemic communities in which elimination efforts have centered. However, implementation has been challenging in several urban African cities. The large cities of West Africa, exemplified in Nigeria in Kano are challenging for LF elimination program because reaching 65% therapeutic coverage during MDA is difficult. There is therefore a need to define a strategy which could complement MDA. Thus, in Kano State, Nigeria, while LF MDA had reached 33 of the 44 Local Government Areas (LGAs) there remained eleven 'urban' LGAs which had not been covered by MDA. Given the challenges of achieving at least 65% coverage during MDA implementation over several years in order to achieve elimination, it may be challenging to eliminate LF in such settings. In order to plan the LF control activities, this study was undertaken to confirm the LF infection prevalence in the human and mosquito populations in three urban LGAs. METHODS The prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) of Wuchereria bancrofti was assessed by an immuno-chromatography test (ICT) in 981 people in three urban LGAs of Kano state, Nigeria. Mosquitoes were collected over a period of 4 months from May to August 2015 using exit traps, gravid traps and pyrethrum knock-down spray sheet collections (PSC) in different households. A proportion of mosquitoes were analyzed for W. bancrofti, using dissection, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The results showed that none of the 981 subjects (constituted of <21% of children 5-10 years old) tested had detectable levels of CFA in their blood. Entomological results showed that An. gambiae s.l. had W. bancrofti DNA detectable in pools in Kano; W. bancrofti DNA was detected in between 0.96% and 6.78% and to a lesser extent in Culex mosquitoes where DNA was detected at rates of between 0.19% and 0.64%. DNA analysis showed that An. coluzzii constituted 9.9% of the collected mosquitoes and the remaining 90.1% of the mosquitoes were Culex mosquitoes. CONCLUSION Despite detection of W. bancrofti DNA within mosquito specimens collected in three Kano urban LGAs, we were not able to find a subject with detectable level of CFA. Together with other evidence suggesting that LF transmission in urban areas in West Africa may not be of significant importance, the Federal Ministry of Health advised that two rounds of MDA be undertaken in the urban areas of Kano. It is recommended that the prevalence of W. bancrofti infection in the human and mosquito populations be re-assessed after a couple of years.

This was the situation: the new immigrants to Texas were becoming quite a problem. They were coming across the river in droves. Some were legal and some were undocumented. Some were living on land they had legally acquired and some were squatters, living on land that belonged to others. The legal immigrants were being followed by family members who were arriving without proper papers. The government was frustrated and trying desperately to come up with a solution. Many were good people, hard workers. But as a group, they would mostly keep to themselves. They wouldn't assimilate. They wouldn't acculturate. They refused to learn the language. Most were of a different religion from that which was most common in their new country. There was talk of posting the military all along the river. The borders and immigration laws needed to be enforced. The government passed a law prohibiting all new immigration to Texas from the neighboring republic. The military was in fact sent to ports of entry to turn back those without proper documents, and though the trend slowed, illegal immigration continued at a worrisome pace. Sound familiar? These issues were being discussed in Texas almost 200 years ago. The years I'm talking about here were the 1820's and early 1830's, before the battle of the Alamo, before the battle of San Jacinto. The immigrants were not Mexican, but rather, Anglo Texans coming in from Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee and other southern states. The river the immigrants were crossing was not the Rio Grande, but the Sabine, the border between Texas and Louisiana. The concerned government was not in Austin but in Mexico City. Texas, of course, belonged to Mexico at the time. The military they wanted to put on the eastern border was the Mexican Army. They didn't do it, but they did place small military contingents at ports of entry along the coast. The language the immigrants would not learn was Spanish. That was part of the deal. If they got cheap land, they agreed to become Mexican citizens and learn Spanish. Most did not. The religion they would not embrace was Catholicism, even though that was part of the deal, too. As Mexican citizens, they were supposed to become Catholic. Most did not. Priests lived among them, but there was little effort to enforce that requirement. Culture and religion, after all, are far better anchored than laws. It is surprising to see how trends, in some ways, have reversed themselves over a couple of centuries. I'm not interested in getting into the high weeds of politics here. I'll leave the cautionary tales to others. But I do find this a good illustration of a historical adage coined by Twain and affirmed by Churchill: "History may not repeat itself, but it does rhyme."