Die gesellschaftliche Relevanz visueller Kommunikation nimmt immer weiter zu. Postmoderne Bildparodien sind Teil dieser Kultur. Dabei erschöpfen sie sich nicht im Aspekt des Komischen. Die Autorin erläutert am Beispiel ausgewählter Werke von Sigmar Polke, dass Bildparodien eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Geschichte als autoritativer Instanz darstellen. Ihre Untersuchung von postmodernen Bildparodien als ästhetischer Praxis und Intervention in bestehende (Herrschafts-)Diskurse entwickelt neue Analysestrategien und fördert damit unter medienkritischer Perspektive ein generelles "Lesenlernen" von Bildern, das im Museum ebenso nützlich ist wie auf Social Media.
Das Werk leitet unter Berücksichtigung von rechtsdogmatischen, rechtssoziologischen und rechtsvergleichenden Aspekten sowie mit Blick auf den Diskussionsstand in der Moral- und Rechtsphilosophie ein Recht auf Zugang zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung durch Elternschaft her und definiert damit neue Maßstäbe für den europäischen Menschenrechtsschutzstandard und den Grundrechteschutz. Gemeint ist das Recht, das eigene Wesen durch die Beziehung zu einem Kind - als integraler Bestandteil der eigenen Identität - zu formen und zu entwickeln. Darauf aufbauend untersucht die Arbeit die Auswirkungen auf eine Neugestaltung des deutschen Rechts der Reproduktionsmedizin und skizziert die notwendigen Folgeänderungen im Familienrecht.
Althusser ist der dunkle Fleck der politischen Theorie. Seine verfemten und kaum erforschten Beiträge sind dennoch prägend für das kritische Denken der Gegenwart. Interessanterweise beruhen seine Interventionen wiederum zentral auf seinen eigenen umfangreichen und nachgelassenen Lektüren des politischen Denkens der Frühen Neuzeit. Die Studie zeichnet daher erstmals und umfänglich Althussers Bearbeitungen von Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau und Montesquieu nach. Darauf aufbauend wird verdeutlicht, wie sich hieraus Althussers bis heute wirkende Neubegründung des Marxismus erhebt. Dabei wird sichtbar, wie sich gerade das von Althussers vielen bedeutenden Schülern fortgeführte postmarxistische Paradigma durch dessen Lektüren der bürgerlichen Denker des Staates formiert.
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Wir sind umgeben von einer Vielzahl an Informationsströmen, die uns selbstverständlich erscheinen. Um diese digitalen Kulturen zu beschreiben, entwickeln medienwissenschaftliche Arbeiten Theorien einer Welt im Fluss. Dabei erliegen ihre Diagnosen oftmals einem Technikfetisch und vernachlässigen gesellschaftliche Strukturen. Der Autor legt eine systematische Kritik dieser Theoriebildung vor. Dazu zeichnet er die Geschichte der Rede von strömenden Informationen in der Entwicklung digitaler Computer nach und diskutiert, wie der Begriff für Gegenwartsbeschreibungen produktiv gemacht werden kann.
Although Leontief was and still is one of the most recognized names in economics, inextricably linked to the development of input-output techniques, he remained fiercely critical of other economists' works and of the state of economic science during his whole life. To understand his bitterness, we go back to the root of the split between Leontief and the rest of the economics profession, through an examination of the debates that took place in the late 1940s. From his input-output model, conceived as an operational theory of economic interdependencies, Leontief drew a specific approach to economic policy and planning which had a lot of success with government agencies, explaining how he could durably sustain his split from the profession.
Although Leontief was and still is one of the most recognized names in economics, inextricably linked to the development of input-output techniques, he remained fiercely critical of other economists' works and of the state of economic science during his whole life. To understand his bitterness, we go back to the root of the split between Leontief and the rest of the economics profession, through an examination of the debates that took place in the late 1940s. From his input-output model, conceived as an operational theory of economic interdependencies, Leontief drew a specific approach to economic policy and planning which had a lot of success with government agencies, explaining how he could durably sustain his split from the profession.
Although Leontief was and still is one of the most recognized names in economics, inextricably linked to the development of input-output techniques, he remained fiercely critical of other economists' works and of the state of economic science during his whole life. To understand his bitterness, we go back to the root of the split between Leontief and the rest of the economics profession, through an examination of the debates that took place in the late 1940s. From his input-output model, conceived as an operational theory of economic interdependencies, Leontief drew a specific approach to economic policy and planning which had a lot of success with government agencies, explaining how he could durably sustain his split from the profession.
Many ethical questions have been raised regarding the use of social media and the internet, mainly related to the protection of young people in the digital environment. In order to critically address the research question "who is responsible for ethically protecting minors in the digital environment?", this paper will review the main literature available to understand the role of parents, the government, and companies in protecting young people within the digital environment. We employed a holistic process that covers a state-of-the-art review and desk research. The article is divided into four sessions; (1) Government Policies from the European Union (EU) Perspective; (2) Parental Control; (3) An Overview of Companies and the Private and Self-Regulation Sectors; and (4) the Ethical Dilemma. Throughout, we reviewed specific topics regarding the potentially harmful content for young people within the digital environment, questioned how ethical concerns shape content and interactions online and discussed how internet parenting styles impact risks and opportunities for young people in the digital world. Finally, we analysed the research question contrasting it with the main findings in this review and offered recommendations.
Although Leontief was and still is one of the most recognized names in economics, inextricably linked to the development of input-output techniques, he remained fiercely critical of other economists' works and of the state of economic science during his whole life. To understand his bitterness, we go back to the root of the split between Leontief and the rest of the economics profession, through an examination of the debates that took place in the late 1940s. From his input-output model, conceived as an operational theory of economic interdependencies, Leontief drew a specific approach to economic policy and planning which had a lot of success with government agencies, explaining how he could durably sustain his split from the profession.
Reflexivity increases the reliability of qualitative research studies and can fuel conversations as to how field researchers make judgments of complex challenges that are simultaneous of a practical, scientific and ethical nature. In this paper, I will reflect on the collection of empirical data for two case studies on the role of the European Union in the regulation and remediation of labour rights violations in the Kenyan floriculture industry and the South Korean electronics industry. This paper has two intertwined objectives. First, this paper explores reflexivity on my research experience and the use of methods in empirical fieldwork. Second, this paper questions the Anglo-American elements of my research, which had been reinforced by my School's Research Ethics Committee. I explain how the contexts of research institutions and research participants can starkly differ and may not always be attuned to each other. I suggest that awareness of and training in "positive ethics" might be useful to deal with such issues.
ABSTRACT: In an interview with Pratiques Revue Barthes poses a question of profound relevance to legal education: how to reinscribe desire in the folds of a space of institutional knowledge? Most of the time we worry about the content in teaching. But the task is not only focused there, he warns. The real problem is to know how values or desires that are not foreseen by the institution can be put into the content, in the temporality of a class. How to make the university community a community of desire? How to forge a poetics of thinking that enhances the affirmation of the whole community? The present work aims to address these questions considering two references: the law & psychoanalysis movement, and a spinozian reading of education. In this framework, it is argued that, insofar as desire is built with law and not outside of it, as pre-Freudian political thought tends to argue, the articulation between law and psychoanalysis is precisely the appropriate space for its deployment and understanding. A legal education as the politics of desire is thus offered as a key to rethinking new practices that make it possible to displace instrumental rationalities, debureaucratize knowledge and open new temporalities that challenge the demands for immediacy of cognitive capitalism. Likewise, a Spinozian view of the educational field is proposed that renews the political imagination, teaches us to distrust closures and conceives the collective as a poetic force that generates the world. A Spinozian reading of teaching bets on a thought of the educational field far from technocracies and close, instead, to the political as poiesis, as a collective construction of the freedom to think. This implies, first of all, reading the encounter between concept and affection. Because, in short, as Spinoza well teaches: nobody knows what a body is capable of. ; Fil: Gorali, Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Filosofía del Derecho, Lecturas Contemporáneas Acerca del Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Gorali, Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Filosofía del Derecho, El conocimiento del Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Gorali, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV). Cátedra Sociología Jurídica. Avellaneda, Argentina ; Facultad de Derecho ; RESUMEN: En una entrevista realizada en la revista Pratiques, Barthes plantea una pregunta de profunda relevancia para la enseñanza jurídica: ¿cómo reinscribir el deseo en los pliegues de un espacio de saber institucional? La mayoría de las veces nos preocupamos por los contenidos en la enseñanza. Pero la tarea no se centra solamente allí, advierte. El verdadero problema es saber cómo se puede poner en el contenido, en la temporalidad de una clase valores o deseos que no están previstos por la institución. ¿Cómo hacer de la comunidad universitaria una comunidad de deseo? ¿Cómo forjar una poética del pensar que potencie la afirmación de la comunidad política toda? El presente trabajo pretende abordar estos interrogantes a partir de dos referencias: el movimiento derecho y psicoanálisis, y una lectura spinoziana de la educación. Una enseñanza jurídica como política del deseo se ofrece así como una clave para repensar nuevas prácticas que posibiliten desplazar racionalidades instrumentales, desburocratizar los saberes y abrir nuevas temporalidades que problematicen la demandas de inmediatez del capitalismo cognitivo. Asimismo se propone una mirada spinoziana del campo educativo que renueve la imaginación política, enseñe a desconfiar de las clausuras y conciba a lo colectivo como una fuerza poética generadora de mundo. Una lectura spinoziana de la enseñanza apuesta a un pensamiento del campo educativo lejos de las tecnocracias y cerca, en cambio, de lo político como poiesis, como construcción colectiva de la libertad de pensar.
Development of maritime trade and war at sea during the modern era led to the appearance of new and extremely harsh lifestyles. From the end of the 17th century onwards, French doctors began to write specifically about the health and material living conditions of sailors. Through these writings, and particularly through printed material, a specialised medical discourse was gradually being structured, mainly under the influence of British authors and under pressure from the monarchy and from officers worried about the casualties of the Seven Years' War. However, these works were not only linked to the context of Franco-British rivalry and exchange, as shown by the continuity of publications beyond the upheavals of the Revolution. Above all, they meet the needs of the entire maritime world. The aim was therefore to inform lay people such as officers, captains and, more rarely, all sailors, to encourage them to take measures to protect their men and to provide a framework for the action of those providing care on board. These works contribute much more to the preservation of the health of these sailors than to the reform and adaptation of their medical care. This study focuses on the conditions of birth and development of a literary genre dedicated to the 'preservation of the health of seafarers' in France from the beginning of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. This issue lends itself to the analysis of the rhetorical, literary and epistemological aspects of these printed works as much as to the exploration of the conceptions and practices at the service of the health of crewmen. ; Le développement du commerce maritime et de la guerre sur mer durant l'époque moderne entraîne l'apparition de modes de vie inédits et extrêmement durs. Dès la fin du XVIIe siècle, des médecins français se mettent à écrire spécifiquement sur la santé et les conditions matérielles d'existence des marins. Se révèle progressivement, au travers de ces écrits, et particulièrement des imprimés, un discours médical ...
summary following Alexis de Tocqueville, many contemporary authors have seen the vitality of local associations an essential element for the health of democracies. However, many of them forget that partnership is for Tocqueville a response to a particular social phenomenon: the democratic individualism that happily captured in his observation of the 19th century American society. This work seeks to deepen the notion of democratic individualism put forward by Tocqueville in Democracy in America and its potential effects on freedom, and analyses the scope of its proposal to associate itself with this phenomenon. Contrary to contemporary authors who only seem to meet decentralisation and efficiency criteria and ignore the phenomenon of individualism, the article suggests that mere local association is not enough to save democracy from its pathologies. ; RESUMEN Siguiendo a Alexis de Tocqueville, numerosos autores contemporáneos han visto en la vitalidad de las asociaciones locales un elemento esencial para la salud de las democracias. Sin embargo, muchos de ellos olvidan que la asociatividad es para Tocqueville una respuesta a un fenómeno social concreto: el individualismo democrático que lúcidamente captó en su observación de la sociedad estadounidense del siglo XIX. El presente trabajo busca profundizar en la noción de individualismo democrático expuesta por Tocqueville en La Democracia en América y sus potenciales efectos sobre la libertad, y analiza el alcance de su propuesta de asociatividad frente a este fenómeno. A diferencia de lo que postulan autores contemporáneos que solo parecen atender a criterios de descentralización y eficiencia e ignoran el fenómeno del individualismo, el artículo sugiere que la mera asociatividad local no basta para salvar a la democracia de sus patologías
Summary: The main purpose of this article is to understand the concept and experience of the Cold War in South America in the 1960s and 1970s — given that it was in the Southern Cone where the so-called National Security regimes were most effectively developed — and, at the same time, to penetrate the way in which those regimes created a type of state of a highly military nature. For this work, documentation and oral sources have been inspected in various places — Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Israel — for several years, for various purposes, all of which are linked to the study of the military phenomenon. Following an analysis of some of this information for this article, it is concluded that, in the total and permanent war against Communism, the authority of the military state, founded at source to protect civil society from authoritarianism, became final and the deified, tiráic state became final. ; Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal comprender el concepto y la experiencia de la guerra fría en Sudamérica en los años sesenta y setenta del siglo XX -dado que fue en el Cono Sur en donde se desarrollaron con más eficacia los regímenes llamados de Seguridad Nacional- y, al mismo tiempo, penetrar en el modo en que esos regímenes crearon un tipo de Estado de carácter netamente militar. Para este trabajo se ha inspeccionado documentación y fuentes orales en distintos lugares -Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Israel-, durante varios años, con fines diversos, ligados todos ellos al estudio del fenómeno militar y, tras el análisis de parte de esa información para este artículo, se concluye que, en la guerra total y permanente contra el comunismo, la autoridad del Estado militar, fundado en origen para proteger del autoritarismo a la sociedad civil, se volvió despótica y el Estado deificado, tiránico.
In a new and updated edition, Writing Histories: Imagination and Narration is a book for anyone wanting to write histories that capture the imagination and challenge the intellect. It aims to show that historical narrative and imagination can work together to produce works of history that are a pleasure to read. Nine historians reflect on their work as writers, exploring some of the most difficult and interesting questions any history-writer faces: how to get started, how to find a 'voice', how to enliven a description or a narration, and how to find a worthwhile structure. Contributors also suggest how historians can convey multiple perspectives, 'show' rather than tell, foreground the research process, find inspiration from music, painting and landscape, and use literary techniques such as metaphor. The book will be a useful text for teachers and students in history-writing classes and informal groups. There are suggestions for group exercises, and advice on how to conduct writing workshops. Many historians, however, both students and established writers, will continue to write in relative isolation. This book is also intended for them. This updated edition of Writing Histories has a new introduction written by Ann Curthoys, and an updated bibliography.
