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This research asks why the European Union (EU) 'uploads' financial regulation to international regulatory fora in some (few) cases, 'downloads' it in (many) other cases or neither. It uses the concept of 'regulatory capacity' with reference to the EU and the USA. It argues that the presence (or absence) of robust domestic regulatory templates strengthen (or weaken) the ability of these jurisdictions to shape international standards produced by regulatory fora. Timing is also important in that whichever of the two manages to be out in front and shape international standards in a given sector wins first-mover advantages. The paper considers variations across the main financial services (banking, securities and insurance) as well as over time. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractPaid household labor has fertilized the development of national economies, while also nourishing the capitalist labor systems that has allowed globalization to thrive. However, this transnational sector has remained historically invisible, devalued, and unprotected from national and international legislative frameworks. In 2010, the International Labor Organization (ILO) finally embraced this challenge through two years of negotiations on the world's first international convention to assure "Decent Work for Domestic Workers." These tripartite debates set the stage for the largest inclusion of "actual workers" in policy making. The debates also mobilized the world's first international domestic workers' movement. This report from the field highlights a distinct process whereby workers themselves played a pivotal role in the creation of international labor policy. According to International Domestic Workers Federation president Myrtle Witbooi, this "new beginning" set "a benchmark for decent work and social equality."

AbstractMotivationStrategic foresight is gaining traction for anticipating changes in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world—one which will require different mindsets and approaches. Yet international development co‐operation practitioners have been slow to adopt foresight.PurposeWhat promises and pitfalls should development practitioners consider in order to integrate strategic foresight into their work?Methods and approachWe review the literature on strategic foresight applied to development. We draw on reflections from the articles included in this special issue. We incorporate the International Development Research Centre's experiences and early insights on the use of foresight for development.FindingsStrategic foresight provides tools to anticipate long‐term and potentially disruptive change. To apply the approach effectively, organizations need to understand the debates about foresight. But no one size fits all: organizations must identify where and how foresight can best be used; be clear on its purpose, use, and end‐users; be sensitive to how foresight intersects with broader calls for decolonizing development and the future; and should adapt methods to different sociocultural contexts.Connecting foresight practitioners and international development actors to explore potential synergies between these two worlds offers opportunities to innovate.Policy implicationsTraditional, short‐term strategic planning, and reactive responses to emerging crises, are increasingly ill‐suited to a VUCA world. To be fit for the future, international development actors must consider adding proactive longer‐term anticipatory planning—that accommodates more systematic understanding and appreciation of plausible futures—to reactive responses.

This article focuses on personalities, or individual differences, of world political leaders. After arguing that international relations theory has experienced a turn toward decision makers, I briefly overview one of the dominant approaches to the study of leader personality in foreign policy: Leadership Trait Analysis. While this research includes a number of important studies that directly challenge traditional understandings of international relations and engage with international relations theory, I argue that the subfield of personality studies in foreign policy is ripe for new theoretical and methodological developments. In the final section of this article, I outline several specific areas for future research, including a connection between foreign policy-personality approaches and the growing body of work on political leadership.

Die vorligende Arbeit befasst sich mit den Kommunikationsmitteln, welche in den internationalen Beziehungen Ägypten und den Großstaaten des Vorderasiens wie Hatti, Assur, Babylonien und Mitanni sowie anderen Staaten wie Arzawa und Alasia in der späten Bronzezeit nachzuweisen sind; gemeint ist der Zeitraum ca. 1450 bis 1200 v. Chr. Diese Periode wird häufig als die Zeit derinternationalen Diplomatie im Vorderen Orient bezeichnet, ist sie doch durch die guten internationalen Beziehungen zwischen Ägypten und den Statten Vorderasiens gekennzeichnet, die vielfach durch politische Heiraten gefördert und durch Vertragsschüssel gesichert wurden. Diese Periode, die vor allem ind den Literature auch amarna-Zeit genannt wird, beginnt mit der Regierungszeit Amenophis III. und endet mit der 18. Dynastie in Ägypten. ; This work deals with the means of communications in the late Bronze Age, which characterized the international relationships between Egypt and the great States of the ancient near east such as Hatti, Assur, Babylon and Mitanni as well as the other countries including Arzawa and Alasia. It covers the periode from ca. 1450 to 1200 B. c. This Periode is regarded as the era of the international diplomacy and known also as the Amarna Age.

Purchasing power adjusted incomes applied in cross-country comparisons are measured with bias. In this paper, we estimate the purchasing power parity (PPP) bias in Penn World Table incomes and provide corrected incomes. The bias is substantial and systematic: the poorer a country, the more its income tends to be overestimated. Consequently, international income inequality is substantially underestimated. Our methodological contribution is to exploit the analogies between PPP bias and the bias in consumer price index (CPI) numbers. The PPP bias and subsequent corrected incomes are measured by estimating Engel curves for food, which is an established method of measuring CPI bias.