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Der Globale Militarisierungsindex des BICC bildet alljährlich das relative Gewicht und die Bedeutung des Militärapparats von Staaten im jeweiligen Verhältnis zur Gesellschaft als Ganzes ab. Das vorliegende Update des GMI 2014 basiert auf Daten des Jahres 2013 (d. h. den aktuellsten vorliegenden Zahlen) und umfasst 152 Staaten. Der GMI des BICC wird durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (bmz) gefördert. Unter den zehn Ländern mit den höchsten Militarisierungsgraden befinden sich mit Israel, Singapur, Armenien, Syrien, Russland, Zypern, Südkorea, Jordanien, Griechenland und Aserbaidschan (Reihenfolge 1 bis 10) drei Staaten aus dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten, zwei aus Ostasien sowie fünf aus West- und Ost europa. Die hohe Militarisierung in diesen Ländern findet insbesondere in umfassenden Rüstungsbeschaffungen Ausdruck. Die Ursachen für die allgemein hohe Militarisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind vielfältig. Die Verteidigung bestehender autoritärer Regime vor möglichen internen Gegnern gehört ebenso dazu wie externe Konflikte und potenzielle äußere Bedrohungen. Insgesamt ist davon auszugehen, dass die Militarisierung in der Region auf einem hohen Niveau verbleiben wird oder noch weiter ansteigt. Die beiden in den Nagorny Karabach-Konflikt involvierten, zu Europa gehörenden Nachbarstaaten Armenien (platz 3) und Aserbaidschan (platz 10) haben sehr hohe Militarisierungsgrade und steigerten in den vergangenen Jahren ihre Militärausgaben erheblich. Diese Militarisierung ist jedoch nicht isoliert zu sehen ist. Russland (platz 5) liefert Rüstungsgüter an beide Konfliktparteien im Südkaukasus und verfolgt seit 2008 selbst eine umfassende Militärreform. Zwischen 2009 und 2013 sind innerhalb der europäischen NATO-Staaten die Ausgaben für Ausrüstung und Beschaffung um mehr als neun Milliarden Euro gefallen. Dennoch zeigen einige hohe Militarisierungsgrade (Griechenland: 9, Estland: 21, Türkei: 24, Bulgarien: 27, Portugal: 28). Mit Singapur (platz 2) und Südkorea (platz 7) befinden sich zwei Staaten aus Ostasien unter den zehn höchst militarisierten Ländern der Welt. Singa pur reagiert mit Beschaffungen auf ungelöste Territorialfragen und die chinesische anti-access/area-denial Strategie. Südkoreas hohe Militarisie rung muss im Kontext des anhaltenden Kriegszustandes mit Nordkorea aber auch mit unge lösten Territorialfragen mit Japan und China im Gelben Meer gesehen werden.

Mit dem Aufkommen nationalstaatlicher Gedanken in Indonesien war auch die Idee verbunden, sich der Pesantren für Bildungs- und Dortentwicklungsaufgaben zu vergewissern. Die Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung hat sich in den beiden letztgenannten Bereichen seit Ende der 70er Jahre stark engagiert. U.a. fand vom 9.-13. Juli 1987 in Berlin ein internationales Seminar statt mit dem Titel THE IMPACT OF PESANTREN ON EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA". Es sollte in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Forschungsschwerpunkt "Alternative Bildung" der TU Berlin einigen Fragestellungen nachgehen, die sich in der pädagogischen und politischen Auseinandersetzung mit Pesantren immer wieder stellen. (DIPF/Orig.)

The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

English Can we identify common themes characterizing the social work profession across cultures? Using Italian social workers' representations of their profession three core issues are identified that recur in international debates. Reconciling contradictory elements might be one of the common characteristics of the social work project across different countries. French Peut-on identifier des thèmes communs caractérisant les professions sociales à travers les cultures? En utilisant les représentations des travailleurs sociaux italiens sur l'identité de leur profession j'identifie trois questions centrales récurrentes dans les débats internationaux. Réconcilier des éléments contradictoires peut être une des caractéristiques communes du projet du travail social à travers différents pays. Spanish Podemos identificar temas comunes que caracterizan la profesión del trabajo social en diferentes culturas? Utilizando las representaciones que hacen los trabajadores sociales italianos de su profesión, yo identifico tres asuntos principales que son recurrentes en debates internacionales. Reconciliar elementos contradictorios es probablemente una de las características mÁs comunes de los proyectos de trabajo social alrededor del mundo.

Adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit and elaborated at the Johannesburg Conference a decade later, sustainable consumption occupies an increasingly prominent political position. Numerous governmental ministries and supranational organisations have produced sustainable consumption plans. However, actual programmatic initiatives have been limited to modest information and education campaigns as policy proposals are constrained by political contexts. Researchers have documented flows of materials and energy, but have disregarded the political and economic dynamics thatanimate throughput movements. Inattention to factors that propel the global metabolism, scholarship largely failed to anticipate the ongoing global financial collapse. Work on the household economics and macroeconomics of consumption is reviewed and an international political economy of (un)sustainable consumption is developed. Realignment of theglobal economic order will require renegotiation of the tacit agreements that the USA strikes with its trading partners and the design of more efficacious systems of production and consumption. (Environmental Politics/ FUB)

International Law Situated is the first study in the series of International Law Monographs by the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights . It is an analysis of both theoretical ambition and practical relevance examining the existential and professional situation of the international lawyer from a range of different perspectives. How do international lawyers think about cultural difference and similarity? What is the role of historical facts in international law and practice? How do lawyers construe notions such as `community' or `humanity'; what role is played therein by normative ideas about similarity and difference; or of the good life? What kinds of ethical considerations are implicit in international law and how should practitioners think about them? This book provides a general framework for responding to these questions and shows their impact and relevance through doctrinal and case contexts. It argues for an emphasis on the individual jurist and her situation as an adviser, an advocate, an analyst, and a decision-maker