John Harding was the senior probation officer/community service in the Nottinghamshire Home Office pilot area from 1972 to 1974. He was the Chief Probation Officer for Inner London from 1993 to 2001. In this short comment piece, the author provides an insightful personal account of the introduction and implementation of community service in England and Wales.
This book explores mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion involved in practices of community building through an ethnographic study of a neighborhood restaurant in Amsterdam. It presents important insights into the advantages and empowering effects of professional, top down community building in a disadvantaged neighborhood, as well as its tensions and contradictory outcomes. The core argument of the study is that, in spite of the abserved restaurant's well-intended and well-organized attempts to create an inclusive and heterogeneous local community, it instead established one both exclusive and homogeneous. Through a set of community building practices and discourses of "deprivation" and "ethnic and racial otherness," the construction of collective fear for ethnic and racial "others" was indirectly facilitated among the white, working class visitors. As a result, insurmountable barriers were erected for non-white and non-native Dutch residents to become part of the local community. This project speaks to social scientists as well as social workers, governments, and policy-makers concerned with issues of social cohesion, informal networks, and professional community building in disadvantaged urban settings.
Providing services to communities while providing education and training for social work practice in communities is at the core of this paper. These activities are discussed and reviewed in the context of social work in communities. Social work field placements (internships) in communities can provide positive learning experiences for students and excellent services to communities. The Winslow Project, a two-year community-focused placement for two group of first year master of social work (M.S.W.) Students is described and the results of this project are discussed. In order to fulfill a commitment to the community concept, students need a well-defined concept of group and community practice in order to provide the range and quality of services that are required for social work practice in the 21st's century global community paradigm. Providing social work intervention practices in the community is paramount to the further development of social work as a profession. It will also provide support and encouragement for communities to provide these supportive services within the community context. Social work history is rich with the type of models necessary for this to occur.
This paper examines the major factors affecting the pattern of black ethnic minority interest group affiliation to the Wolverhampton Council for Community Relations (WCCR). The study views group affiliation within the general context of the financial and administrative interrelationships between WCCR, the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) and Wolverhampton Corporation. The political setting is one in which councillors, local authority officials and community leaders prefer to involve themselves in a policy process where decisions are taken which ensure stability in the political environment. The desirability of maintaining stability, particularly from the point of view of those associated with the more formal aspects of policy-making, is evident to the extent that policy formulation and implementation relies, for its effectiveness upon the consent of the community. This consent in the field of race relations has invariably been difficult to achieve because of the cleavages between the black and white communities and within the black community itself. The resolution of the resulting conflicts provides the rationale for the existence of local community relations councils (CRCs) which actively seek to maintain, and where necessary, restore stable community relations.
Much of the interest in community care has stemmed from a feminist concern with the burdens placed on women as carers and, more recently, the needs of women who are cared for as well as those carrying out caring work. Less has been written on the extent to which community care policy meets the different needs of men and women. This article draws on qualitative interview material to explore issues surrounding community psychiatric care for younger people, against a backdrop of increasing over-representation of men in hospital admissions, and asks how far community psychiatric care fails young men more than young women.
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Volume 37, Issue 9, p. 1554-1568
BACKGROUND: Global health has been directed to providing solutions to various health issues cross-nations, and nurses have received wide recognition as a key health workforce to reduce health disparities globally. Nurses involved in global health research are required to implement evidence-based global nursing practices based on the assessments of local health needs. AIM: To assess health needs and to suggest future interventions in rural communities of Vietnam. METHODS: A multifaceted rapid participatory appraisal with information pyramid was used applying mixed methods from six sources: existing record review, surveys of community residents, surveys of healthcare providers, focus group discussions with community leaders, informal discussions with governmental health administrators and observations of community health station (CHS) facilities. RESULTS: The majority used the CHSs as primary health facilities with high satisfaction for services currently provided. However, there were needs for the stations to provide more comprehensive services including chronic diseases, and for healthcare providers to improve their competences. Community leaders showed high interest in health information for chronic diseases and strong commitment to involvement in the activities for health of their communities. The findings suggest future interventions in the areas of the enhancement of CHS' functions, human resources and the self-care capacity of community residents. CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS: The rapid participatory appraisal approach emphasizing community participation and partnership was a useful tool to compile accurate information about the current needs of the community on health, the preparedness of healthcare services to meet community's demands and about community capacity. This process is fundamental to nurses, who initiate global health projects in resource-limited international countries, to generate evidences regarding practice, research and policy for taking responsibilities in promoting the sustainable development goals. ; restriction
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To describe the design and rationale of the Healthy Community Neighborhood Initiative (HCNI), a multicomponent<br />study to understand and document health risk and resources in a<br />low-income and minority community.</p><p><strong>Design</strong>: A community-partnered participatory research project.<br />Setting: A low-income, biethnic African American and Latino neighborhood in South Los Angeles.</p><p><strong>Participants</strong>: Adult community residents aged >18 years.</p><p><strong>Main Outcome Measures</strong>: Household survey and clinical data collection; neighborhood characteristics; neighborhood observations; and community resources asset mapping.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: We enrolled 206 participants (90% of those eligible), of whom 205 completed the household interview and examination,<br />and 199 provided laboratory samples. Among enrollees, 82 (40%) were aged >50 years and participated in functional status<br />measurement. We completed neighborhood observations on 93 street segments; an average of 2.2 (SD=1.6) study participants<br />resided on each street segment observed. The community asset map identified 290 resources summarized in a Community Resource Guide given to all participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The HCNI communityacademic partnership has built a framework to assess and document the individual, social, and community factors that may influence clinical and social outcomes in a community at high-risk for preventable chronic disease. Our project suggests that a community collaborative can use<br />culturally and scientifically sound strategies to identify community-centered health and social needs. Additional work is needed to<br />understand strategies for developing and implementing interventions to mitigate these disparities. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(1):123-132; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.123</p>
Public secrets are the information the public chooses to keep from itself. Architecture is required to both house and operate these secrets. Community sanctions are arguably a public secret. This study analyses the most visible aspects of community sanctions, probation and parole offices, to understand whether and how their architectural features help keep the system hidden. By analysing photographs of such offices, I argue that not only do the building features help maintain community corrections as a public secret, but they also keep the systems secret from the public. I also argue that keeping the offices intentionally obscured may also impact how those under supervision are viewed by the general public.
"During my years caring for patients, the most common pathology I saw was not heart disease or diabetes; it was loneliness. Loneliness is also associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression, and anxiety" (Murthy, Harvard Business Review, 2017). Loneliness, or social alienation, can occur even when surrounded by people. More than half a century ago, psychologists began examining the relationship between individuals, their communities, and the surrounding social environment. At the landmark Swampscott Conference in 1965, and in the context of deinstitutionalization of mental health care and the civil rights movement, psychologists discussed the concept of "community psychology" as a way to address broader social issues that influenced mental health and community well-being. Recognizing that a multidisciplinary approach was needed, many psychologists proposed gathering and synthesizing data that looked at the cultural, economic, social, political, and environmental aspects that shape and influence lives and communities. Community psychology seeks to address social issues within communities that can contribute to individual and societal problems. Doctoral training programs in community psychology were established and community-based research projects were implemented"--
Community Land Trusts are established models designed to protect the maintenance of vulnerable communities in certain territories. The figure emerges in the United States in the 1960s, tied to civil rights movements and the population living in rural areas. The present article will evaluate the potentialities and limits of the application of the Community Land Trusts instrument in Brazil as resistance and biopotent practice in an urban space marked by high percentages of irregularity and by a serious situation of socio-spatial inequality. In a context that worsens after the mega-events at the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century and with the democratic rupture and deepening of neoliberal logic in cities from 2016 onwards, it is necessary and urgent to establish new practices and forms of property management in a way to draw possible subversions to the logic of Power. CLTs are proposed here as a form of subversive legal practice, either from the defense of the design of a specific legislation on the subject, or by the use of existing legal instruments in order to base the creation of an emancipatory proprietary model. ; O Community Land Trust é um modelo estabelecido com vistas à proteção de permanência de comunidades vulneráveis. Ela surge nos Estados Unidos, na década de 1960, atrelada aos movimentos por direitos civis e à população residente em áreas rurais. Este artigo busca avaliar as potencialidades e os limites de sua aplicação no Brasil enquanto resistência e prática biopotente em um espaço urbano marcado por elevados percentuais de irregularidade e por uma grave situação de desigualdade socioespacial. Em um contexto que agrava após os megaeventos no início da segunda década do século XXI e com a ruptura democrática e o aprofundamento da lógica neoliberal nas cidades a partir de 2016, torna-se necessário e urgente o estabelecimento de novas práticas e formas de gestão da propriedade que desenhem possíveis subversões à lógica do Poder. Os Community Land Trusts são propostos aqui como forma de prática jurídica subversiva, seja a partir da defesa da necessidade de uma legislação própria sobre o tema, seja pela utilização dos instrumentos jurídicos já existentes de forma a basear a criação de um modelo proprietário emancipatório.
