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The present paper studies the EU consumer sentiment - heating oil stock prices relationship given the recent changes in the EU economy with the assistance of threshold cointegration. According to our findings, the existence of linearity against threshold cointegration is rejected for all the variables with the exception that of skewness, while the estimation of the threshold vector error correction model does not confirm the short-term dynamics in most cases. Having in mind that oil prices can affect economic activity in real and financial terms and is perceived as news by the consumers, the conclusion reached is in line with the existing literature, according to which consumer confidence is strongly affected by the news dissemination and by the signals of economic growth. The major practical implication of the study is the policy makers' acquisition with tools to create economic condition that improve consumer confidence and promotes economic growth ; peer-reviewed

"This book analyses the European legal framework on inland water transport in light of the most recent legislation adopted and how the main Member States of Central Western Europe have implemented it. Specifically, the book provides an innovative tool of analytical and systematic study of the various legislative EU measures that regulate the inland waterways transport sector, as well as for the comparative study and analysis of the relevant measures of implementation adopted by the afore-mentioned Member States. Each EU legislative measure is first explained in general terms and then commented on in detail with a specific analysis of the most significant articles, following a precise logical sequence of the topics; the corresponding national implementing measures are also examined in detail* describing any different ways of transposing the EU regulation, also with regard to any differences in approach by the Member States relative to the possibility of any derogations or exemptions from compliance with some measures, which is often provided for by the EU regulation. This approach is significantly useful for (i) a more systematic and user-friendly understanding of the EU regulatory framework, (ii) an equally better understanding of how EU measures have been transposed into national legislation and (iii) a revision of this European and domestic legislation, where appropriate. Furthermore, the book is very useful for policy-makers of countries that are not members of the European Union (i.e. policy-makers from countries worldwide that have inland waterways), as they will have a reference tool to evaluate the possibility of reviewing their own regulation with a view to making it more similar to the EU one should the latter be better. While preparing the book, analyses of the preparatory work of the legislation played a great role, as they are very useful for better understanding the legislative initiatives and the reasons for the choices made. Analysis of the doctrine and jurisprudence also played a great part. This allows the reader to have a thorough understanding of the subject from a scientific point of view and from the point of view of practical application"--

In this short but authoritative book, the nature and purpose of the European Constitution are explained by someone involved in its preparation. The author discusses how it was drafted, and tackles some much debated questions: whether it promises any enhancement of democracy in the EU, whether it implies that the EU is becoming a superstate, and whether it will strengthen the principle of subsidiarity and the protection of human rights.

The spirit of Pontignano? / Lorenzo Gaeta -- Methodological introduction / Edoardo Ales -- Contingent work : a conceptual framework / Antonio Lo Faro -- Equal treatment as a problem : Germany and agency work / Olaf Deinert -- Making contingent work conditional : fixed term and temporary agency contracts in Belgian law / Filip Dorssemont -- Externalising the workforce : lessons from France / Pascal Lokiec -- Do we really wish you were here? Hungary and distance work / Erika Kovács -- Re-structuring the standard employment relationship : Italy and the increasing protection contract / Maurizio del Conte -- Re-addressing self-employment : Spain and the new entrepreneurship / Jos Manuel Gómez Muñoz -- Inverting the flexicurity paradigm : the United Kingdom and the zero hours contract / Jeff Kenner -- Collective regulation of contingent work : from traditional forms of contingent work to crowdwork ? a German perspective / Johannes Heuschmid Thomas Klebe -- Does age matter? Sweden, younger and older workers and the intergenerational dimension of contingent work / Mia Rnnmar -- Social protection of contingent work : Austria and the full coverage social insurance system / Franz Marhold -- The risk approach in occupational health and safety (with an eye to Italy) : alternative or complement to the core/contingent approach? / Edoardo Ales -- Contingent work and social cohesion : some outcomes and one proposal / Edoardo Ales and Olaf Deinert

The United States in recent years has been abandoning its historical role as a leader in environmental regulation. At the same time, the European Union, spurred by political integration, has enacted many new environmental laws and assumed a leadership role in promoting global environmental sustainability. Green Giants?, one of the most detailed comparisons of the environmental policies of America and Europe yet undertaken, looks at current policy trends in the United States and the European Union--the two largest economic actors in the world--and the implications they have for future transatlantic and global cooperation. The contributors--leading European and American scholars and practitioners--examine similarities and differences in specific policy areas in order to assess whether United States and European Union policies are diverging, pursuing similar goals and methods, or undergoing a'hybridization'through joint learning and exchanges. They find that although European and American policies may parallel each other somewhat in domestic regulation, they are clearly diverging in the'third generation'of environmental concerns, which include such global problems as climate change, international trade, and sustainable development. In the final chapter the editors conclude that transatlantic dialogue and cooperation at the highest level are necessary if these two economic and political giants are to lead the international community toward a stable and secure ecological future.

Examining the constitutional foundations of European contract law, this book provides a thorough assessment of the extent of the European Union's competence to regulate contracts and offers a comprehensive comparative study of the contract law framework in the United States.

Introduction -- An overview of human rights protection with the EU -- The key points of criticism -- The question of competences: the ECJ and the national courts -- The ECJ and the UN regime -- The relationship of the ECJ to the ECtHR -- A model for human rights protection in the European Union

This book gathers a selection of peer-reviewed chapters reflecting on the Australia-European Union Free Trade Agreement (AEUFTA). Since 18 June 2018, ten rounds of negotiations for a AEUFTA have been held in a constructive atmosphere, showing a shared commitment to move forward with this ambitious and comprehensive agreement. After a lengthy and arduous process interrupted by the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (EU), the United States' hesitations regarding the EU's global strategy and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the negotiations between Australia and the European Union finally appear to be nearing completion. In challenging times, both parties share a commitment to a positive trade agenda, and to the idea that good trade agreements benefit both sides by boosting jobs, growth and investment. This book explores the challenges, achievements and missed opportunities in the AEUFTA negotiation process, and examines current legal and political relations between the EU, its Member States and Australia. Furthermore, it examines in detail a wide and diverse range of negotiated areas, including digital trade, services, intellectual property rules, trade remedies and investment screening, as well as dispute settlement mechanisms. Lastly, it sheds light on the likely nature of future commercial relations between Australia and the EU. Written by a team of respected authors from leading institutions in both Australia and Europe, the book provides a valuable, interdisciplinary analysis of the AEUFTA.