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AbstractDevelopments in sociological theory since the 1960s have been responses to disciplinary problems rather than changes in fashion. The problem of topic and resource—where sociology has to use everyday understandings and practices as study resources even though they are legitimate topics of enquiry—has been an important and sometimes neglected spur to many of these developments. The turn to discourse, conversation analysis and the rise of Bourdieu's reflexivity are all attempts to address the problem, but each is shown to be unsatisfactory in different ways. In summary, they seek to address the issue as requiring either a principled methodological or a principled theoretical solution, and neither approach is capable of comprehensively addressing the matter. It is argued that these 'solutions' depend, in turn, on one of two particular construals of what the 'problem' consists in, neither of which is necessary or coherent. Each, it is argued, depends on a philosophical trick: making language out to need formal improvement (the Bertrand Russell trick) or introducing inappropriate scepticism to everyday life (the René Descartes trick). It is suggested that treating topic and resource not as a problem but as something which opens up new areas of investigation successfully deflates the issue and avoids unnecessary theoretical and methodological contortions.

The work of the North End Housing Project (NEHP) was an attempt to apply a number of theoretical orientations to the problem of decline in an inner city neighborhood of Winnipeg. Although the focus of the program was housing, NEHP moved well beyond this focus to address problems of neighbourhood distress in an integrated and multidimensional way. It used a cluster strategy in housing development to create a critical mass of new residences that could have an impact on neighbourhood housing markets. It took a convergence approach to community economic development that directed local production to meet local basic needs. The project used the concept of social capital to build social ties among neighborhood residents, to provide mutual support among families, and to enable the community to address its needs more effectively. Finally, the project engaged with Aboriginal residents to explore a cultural basis for community building and to acquire the means to influence neighbourhood affairs. NEHP's work was set in a context of citywide policies that contribute to the process of core area underdevelopment. These policies intrinsically subsidize suburban sprawl, accelerate core area population loss, and discourage inner city housing investment. While analysis of such policies was critical to understanding the dynamics of decline, advocacy for their change was beyond the scope of this small nonprofit housing initiative. The study assesses the community economic development dimensions of NEHP's work. It traces patterns of community income retention, community asset accumulation, and equity buildup for individual families. A social cost benefit analysis shows that creating work for previously long-term unemployed residents generated savings for government in welfare payments and other transfers, and it created new tax revenue through the payment of income taxes and sales taxes. Nearly half the costs of the subsidies for renovated housing were returned to the public treasury through the creation of employment for previously ...

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This writing aims to analyze the sociological aspects of multicultural Islamic religious education. Multicultural Islamic religious education is a solution to the plurality of Indonesian society in accordance with the democratic principles adopted by the Indonesian nation. Multicultural Islamic religious education is an important aspect in building the nation's next generation. Sociological aspects in multicultural Islamic religious education are fundamentally reflected by the existence of conducive cooperation between Islamic religious education in the family, school and community environment, good educational control will be realized. In a sociological context, the family is the first and foremost institution known to children. In this case, his parents are the first to be known and provide educational values. Then the school environment, the school at this time is a need for everyone to get an education from school. Schools in this case have two important aspects, namely individual aspects and social aspects. On the one hand, schools are tasked with influencing and creating conditions that allow optimal development. Furthermore, the community environment, a diverse society such as in Indonesia often creates the potential for friction or even conflict. Therefore, differences are a necessity in a pluralistic society. Differences must be accepted as a necessity. Such acceptance will lead to people's attitudes that can accept existing differences. This is what will produce students who have good morals, who will not only make their parents and teachers proud, but also the community as users of educational outcomes.

The United States is a strikingly mobile nation. Every year almost 20 percent of its population changes residence and about 45 percent moves at least once every five years. Relocation, however, can be a stressful life experience which impacts physical and emotional health and family life. Although there has been extensive research on the role of social support in moderating stress, there has been little attention in the literature to the way in which networks naturally evolve and change over time. This study of newly relocated adults describes the early development of social networks. Two structured interviews were completed three months apart. Although an increase in levels of intimacy occurred over time, the new networks were in transition and unstable. Newcomers received minimal social support even after several months and were increasingly dissatisfied with friendships. Implications for clinical practice and employee assistance programs are discussed.

In order to substantiate the principles of improvement of the institutional environment of the state social policy in Ukraine, the institutional features of the EU social policy development, including the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe that entered the EU, have been investigated. It has been determined that a single social model has not been formed yet, but it should be considered as a kind of code of conduct that ensures decent living standards and social development at all levels of public administration. On the basis of these values analysis, the principles of the functioning of the institutional mechanism of the state social policy of Ukraine have been specified.

Drawing on Durkheim's terms collective and individual representations, the concept of social representations (SR) was developed by Serge Moscovici in 1961 in his study of everyday understandings of psychoanalysis in France. In the last 50 years SR has become an established field within social and cultural psychology. As a whole, this research demonstrates that social representations are systems of communication and social influence that constitute the social realities of different groups in society. They serve as the principal means for establishing the shared knowledge, common practices and affiliations that bind social members together (Duveen, 2001) and thereby act to support systems of inclusion and exclusion. [excerpt from the Introduction] ; N/A