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Communication for Social Change: Context, Social Movements and the Digital is a critical introduction to communication for social change (CSC) theory. The book presents refreshingly new perspectives and specifically makes the case for CSC theory to factor in context, leanings from social movements and a critique of the digital technology. This book offers perspectives on the historical continuities within this field of study along with the departures that have been hastened and shaped by confluences between ideas and practice as well as by digital technology and social movements. It introduces readers to a raft of new theorists of CSC and puts forth new thinking, new ideas, and a new basis for theorisation of communication for social change.

Surrogacy is an initiated process, whereby intended parents wish to have a child by having an embryo carried in another woman's womb and, after the birth, the baby is given to the intended parents. In Israel, giving birth and motherhood are perceived to great extent as a significant, essential and natural component of female identity and the existence of children is perceived as a vital and central element of couple-hood and family. The Israeli society encourages fertility and family expansion. This is illustrated by the support of surrogacy and fertility treatments pursuant to the Israeli Embryo Carrying Agreement Law (Agreement Authorization and Status of the Newborn Child) legislated in 1996. On the other hand, the government limits the supply of contraceptives that are included in the authorized list of medicines, pursuant to the State Health Insurance Law (Ministry of Health, 1994). Surrogacy constitutes a solution for people who wish to give birth to a child but they are unable to do so. The issue raises ethical dilemmas in the global village in which we are living. This dilemma has become more prominent in the present age, due to the corona virus crisis that entailed cancelling all flights and forcing each country to close its borders to foreign travelers. In this study, the aim is to explore and comprehend the process of surrogacy according to the economic sociological theory, called the agency theory; the relationships between the parties to the agreement; and the ethical issues stemming from this issue.

The article analyzes the essence of volunteering from the point of view of relations and processes considered at the level of society as a whole. The essence of the concept of "volunteering" in sociological discourse is revealed, the main aspects of volunteering are noted, the importance and necessity of volunteer work in modern society are shown. The dynamics of volunteering as a community and social institution is considered, the types of volunteer activities, the functions of the external and internal orientation of the social community of volunteers are highlighted. The transformations of the nature and content of different types of volunteer activities are revealed.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Body Weight as a Social Problem -- Part II Historical Foundations -- 2 Children and Weight Control: Priorities in the United States and France -- 3 Fat Boys and Goody Girls: Hilde Bruch's Work on Eating Disorders and the American Anxiety about Democracy, 1930-1960 -- Part III Medical Models -- 4 Constitutional Types, Institutional Forms: Reconfiguring Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Obesity in Early TwentiethCentury Biomedical Investigation -- 5 Defining Perfect and Not-So-Perfect Bodies: The Rise and Fall of the "Dreyer Method" for the Assessment of Physique and Fitness, 1918-26 -- Part IV Gendered Dimensions -- 6 Ideal Weight/Ideal Women: Society Constructs the Female -- 7 Dieting Women: Self-Surveillance and the Body Panopticon -- 8 Fleshing Out the Discomforts of Femininity: The Parallel Cases of Female Anorexia and Male Compulsive Bodybuilding -- Part V Institutional Components -- 9 Commodity Knowledge in Consumer Culture: The Role of Nutritional Health Promotion in the Making of the Diet Industry -- 10 Meanings of Weight among Dietitians and Nutritionists -- Part VI Collective Processes -- 11 Too Skinny or Vibrant and Healthy?: Weight Management in the Vegetarian Movement -- 12 The Size Acceptance Movement and the Social Construction of Body Weight -- Biographical Sketches of the Contributors -- Index

Even prior to the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11, acts of terrorism were a commonly accepted from of political and religious struggle in Iran. Since the 1978-79 turmoil, terrorism has been used frequently by governments in power and has attained a transnational dimension. Beginning in the early 1900s, the composition and ideological orientation of violent groups have changed dramatically from religious fundamentalist in the forties and fifties to Marxist and Marxist-Islamic since the mid-sixties. After the 1979 revolution began, there was a significant realignment of all political terrorist forces. In order to overthrow the Shah, these groups joined Khomeini and staged a successful insurrection. Two years later, the more secular groups deserted the Islamic Republic in order to wage an armed struggle for its overthrow. The transnational dimension of terrorism in Iran has also changed. Such states or entities as Libya, Lebanon, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and Shia Lebanese Amal are no longer on the side of either Khomeini or his arch opponents. For the foreseeable future, political terrorism will continue to be a common feature of the Iranian scene.

This volume of essays is a reflection on social memory as a force for social and economic transformation. Written by scholars and organic intellectuals, it focuses on the uses of social memory, in particular the conflict between the legacies of colonialism and the movement for fundamental change. The content addresses both experts and ordinary citizens alike, with a view to advancing discourse on where we are right now, and how we move on from here to achieve meaningful transformation. As scholars and public representatives with a deep understanding of the social, economic and political dynamics of modern history of South Africa, the contributors offer their unique perspectives and reflections on history, politics, economics, culture, education, ethics and the arts, as well as the links that bind these aspects into an ecology of ideas and attitudes.

This paper explores the several aspects of the process of reconciliation: the units engaged in reconciliation, the dimensions of reconciliation, and the degree and symmetry between the units along each dimension. Various combinations of these aspects characterize diverse patterns of reconciliation over time. Attention to these aspects help account for the expansion of reconciliation efforts and alternative sequencing of reconciliation acts. Four sets of factors help explain these variations: trends in ways of thinking, trends in material conditions and social relations, contextual events, and local conditions. The analysis yields implications for theory and practice. Adapted from the source document.