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The substantive law in Europe -- The significance of substantive law background for private international law -- General remarks on insurance conflict of laws -- Admission of insurance and reinsurance services and products to the EU market : conflict of laws issues -- The special rules of the Brussels Regulation and Lugano Convention for insurance and reinsurance disputes -- Recognition and enforcement of judgments in insurance and reinsurance matters -- Forum shopping -- The 1980 Rome Convention and the law applicable to insurance and reinsurance contracts -- The choice of law rules in the second and third non-life directives -- Applicable law under the second and third-life assurance directives -- The implementation of the EC choice of laws provisions for insurance contracts in the United Kingdom -- The EC choice of law rules for compulsory insurance contracts : the general rules -- The EC choice of law rules for motor vehicle insurance contracts -- Electronic commerce law in Europe -- Insurance and reinsurance contracts concluded by electronic means : jurisdictional and applicable law problems -- Choice of law in relation to insurance and reinsurance contracts concluded by electronic means.

The article presents regional classification of EU countries according to the knowledge development of economy, which in these days is treated as fundamental factor of international competitiveness. This differentiation created with Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI), which are use by The World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). In the analysis used four main pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology), which showed relation between individual components. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the EU countries. This research was conducted with use of the cluster analysis (tools belonging to multidimensional comparative analysis). ; W artykule przedstawiono klasyfikację terytorialną państw Unii Europejskiej według rozwoju wiedzy gospodarek, która w dzisiejszym świecie traktowana jest jako determinanta międzynarodowej konkurencyjności. Zróżnicowanie to zostało skonstruowane na podstawie indeksów KEI (Knowledge Economy Index) oraz KI (Knowledge Index) wykorzystywanych przez Bank Światowy w metodologii KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology). Uwzględnienie czterech głównych filarów (tj. system bodźców ekonomicznych, system innowacyjny, edukacja i jakość zasobów ludzkich oraz nowoczesna infrastruktura informacyjna) umożliwiło wskazanie relacji pomiędzy poszczególnymi składowymi. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie dysproporcji wykorzystania wiedzy w życiu społeczno-gospodarczym w państwach UE. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu analizy skupień (narzędzia zaliczanego do wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej).

The article presents regional classification of EU countries according to the knowledge development of economy, which in these days is treated as fundamental factor of international competitiveness. This differentiation created with Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI), which are use by The World Bank in Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). In the analysis used four main pillars (i.e. The Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime, The Innovation System, Education and Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology), which showed relation between individual components. The purpose of this article is to identify disparities in the use of knowledge in socio-economic life in the EU countries. This research was conducted with use of the cluster analysis (tools belonging to multidimensional comparative analysis). ; W artykule przedstawiono klasyfikację terytorialną państw Unii Europejskiej według rozwoju wiedzy gospodarek, która w dzisiejszym świecie traktowana jest jako determinanta międzynarodowej konkurencyjności. Zróżnicowanie to zostało skonstruowane na podstawie indeksów KEI (Knowledge Economy Index) oraz KI (Knowledge Index) wykorzystywanych przez Bank Światowy w metodologii KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology). Uwzględnienie czterech głównych filarów (tj. system bodźców ekonomicznych, system innowacyjny, edukacja i jakość zasobów ludzkich oraz nowoczesna infrastruktura informacyjna) umożliwiło wskazanie relacji pomiędzy poszczególnymi składowymi. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie dysproporcji wykorzystania wiedzy w życiu społeczno-gospodarczym w państwach UE. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu analizy skupień (narzędzia zaliczanego do wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej).

Do the various aspects of Europe's multi-leveled public diplomacy form a coherent overall image, or do they work against each other to some extent? European Public Diplomacy pushes the literature on public diplomacy forward through a multifaceted exploration of the European case

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the differentiation in the level of economic development among the EU Member States in the context of the progress in implementing the concept of sustainable development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The time scope of the analysis involved the years 2014 and 2019, and the territorial one covered 27 EU countries. The research procedure used data from Eurostat and methods of descriptive statistics were applied, i.e. minimum value, maximum value, average, coefficient of variation. Findings: The discussion led to the identification and application of indicators that enable describing economic development in the context of sustainable development of the EU-27 countries in 2014 and 2019. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that positive changes are taking place in many countries that are getting closer to the implementation of the sustainable development paradigm, which is one of the main priorities of the Europe 2020 Strategy: the long-term socio-economic program of the EU. Practical Implications: The results of the analysis conducted may contribute to the assessment of the effects of the development policy pursued in the EU-27 countries so far. Originality/value: Indicator analysis of the economy development of EU countries in the context of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development is not often undertaken in scientific research. ; peer-reviewed

"This book provides the first comprehensive review of the European Union's role in military conflict management beyond its borders and makes an important contribution to debates on the EU's role in global security governance. The EU has launched five military operations within the framework of its Common Security and Defence Policy with the explicit purpose to help manage violent conflicts beyond its borders. This book develops a definition and a set of criteria for success in military conflict management and applies this new analytical framework in a comparative case study of the five EU military operations undertaken in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad and the Central African Republic. Having evaluated their success the book goes on to explore the conditions under which military conflict management operations conducted by international organizations are successful and explores the implications of its findings for the future theory and practice of military conflict management. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of security studies, conflict studies, European Union politics and foreign policy and global security governance"--

First published in 1998, this volume describes and analyses organizations of social security claimants and their position in the field of force of the national welfare state in six European countries: representing a diversity of welfare state regimes. The authors analyse these organizations, and their strengths and weaknesses, from a variety of theoretical perspectives: such as the opportunity structures of welfare states and national political relations, the fragmentation of the social movements of social security claimants along ideological and categorical lines, the (im)possibilities of organizing socially highly marginalized groups etc. The volume also contains an introduction and an epilogue, as well as a chapter dealing with the relations between collective and individual forms of social resistance.