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The theory of protest cycles has informed us that the external political environment and the internal competition among social movement organizations are distinct elements leading to the emergence, development, and decline of popular protest. This theory, however, has not been examined systematically. I conduct an event-history analysis to test and refine the theory of protest cycles using a well-known new social movement event dataset. While proposing a general way of operationalizing the core concepts in social movement studies, I show that political opportunity only matters during the initial phase of social movement mobilization, rather than throughout the movement's lifespan. What explains declining frequencies of protest occurrence during the demobilization phase is the joint effect of two internal factors: the institutionalization of social movements and the growing violence during protests. Adapted from the source document.

An examination of the relations between new social movements, the nation state, & the discourse of development in India. Applying notions of hegemony & discourse, it is argued that the new social movements of women, indigenous people, & the rural poor have important implications for development paradigms & knowledge claims of the developmentalist state. While challenging the ideology of development, these new social movements also challenge the role of the nation state as the guardian of subaltern groups. Most importantly, they contest the basic idea of what constitutes knowledge & who the knowers are. The novelty of these movements lies in how they resurrect the subjugated traditions of knowledge by using alternative ways of producing & validating knowledge. In doing so, they evolve a distinctive knowledge system that can represent the experiences of the subaltern groups. If these movements are to be taken seriously, the language of the dominant development discourse must be reconstructed in appreciation of these knowledge claims from the bottom. 1 Table, 65 References. AA

Examines the partiality of counterhegonomic movements. Focuses on women's movements and the fight to preserve aranya sanskriti (forest culture). Speculates on how the politics of the new social movements will take shape given that development is no longer a sacred cow or an unquestionable truth. (SJK)

Jean Anyon's groundbreaking new book reveals the influence of federal and metropolitan policies and practices on the poverty that plagues schools and communities in American cities and segregated, low-income suburbs. Public policies...such as those regulating the minimum wage, job availability, tax rates, federal transit, and affordable housing...all create conditions in urban areas that no education policy as currently conceived can transcend. In this first book since her best-selling Ghetto Schooling, Jean Anyon argues that we must replace these federal and metro-area policies with more equi

"A critique of current conceptions of international political economy, the role of the state and contemporary social movements, The New Development Politics challenges the dominant paradigms in the field of development studies. Raising fundamental theoretical and empirical questions, it provides a coherent response to the increasing militarization of inter-state relations, increasing protectionism and inter-state rivalries and the growing age of state intervention in political, economic and social life. The study presents a critical analysis of US empire-building, the role of dirty money and political power, as opposed to technological change. It features a discussion of neo-mercantilism as a new mode of empire and examines the role of new movements of unemployed and landless peasants in key Third World countries."--Provided by publisher.

"Regioninės studijos" (ISSN 2029-2074) 2013 m. virto į "International journal of area studies" (eISSN 2345-0223) ; New social movements in South Africa could play a prominent role in mobilizing the communities to reflect critically and address the repercussions of the neo-liberal agenda which manifests itself in perpetual exclusion of under-educated adults and provision of poor quality education. Few studies especially from the perspective of the activists leave a potential research area of a very interesting phenomenon of how people learn while struggling for social justice. Therefore this article based on a single multi-site case study on a social movement cohering around literacy issues in Gauteng, South Africa, aims at answering, what forms of learning and education the social movement encompassed, how did the group conscientization occur and what are the individual transformations. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion were held with 13 learnersactivists and 2 adult educators. By applying Mezirow's individual transformation and Freirean group conscientization models the analysis of primary and secondary data, revealed that the engagement in the social movement challenged and changed learnersactivists' understanding of educational status within their respective communities. This in turn led to transformative action addressing the problems identified. On the individual level, some learners-activists became more tolerant and willing to cooperate with those of different political ideologies, able to tap into community resources. Finally, the potential of social movements as adult learning environments are outlined ; Regionistikos katedra ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

Post-modern politics does not follow patterns created by established institutions and the state; such movements create their own ways of accomplishing their aims. Looks at how their 'non-linear' conception of change is radically altering the nature of Swedish politics. (SJK)