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THIS ARTICLE ARGUES THAT KEEPING TO THE TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE POST COLD WAR WORLD IS NEITHER POSSIBLE, NOR RELEVANT. IT EXAMINES SOME SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHANGED MILITARY-POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT. THE MILITARY-POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE BALKANS IS SUCH THAT BULGARIA MIGHT GET INVOLVED IN A MILITARY CONFLICT EVEN BECAUSE OF A "SPILL" OF CRISES IN COUNTRIES AND SUBREGIONS CLOSE TO ITS BOUNDARIES. TO BE PREPARED IN THIS CASE MEANS TO BE PREPARED FOR THE WHOLE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICTS.

THIS SECTION ENUMERATES THE AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS WHO ARE CURRENTLY LED BY SOME FORM OF MILITARY REGIME. MOST HAVE HAD THEIR GOVERNMENTS OVERTURNED, OR THREATENED TO BE OVERTURNED, BY MILITARY COUPS. THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN GOVERNMENTS IN AFRICA ALSO SEEMS INCREASINGLY SUPERFICIAL. IN THIS INAUSPICIOUS POLITICAL CONTEXT, THERE ARE FEW CLEAR-CUT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ARMY RULE, MILITARY SPENDING, AND DEVELOPMENT.

Military rule as a form of autocratic governance can mean either rule by a military strongman unconstrained by other officers or rule by a group of high-ranking officers who can limit the dictator's discretion. We label the latter form a military regime. Both military strongmen and military regimes are more likely to commit human rights abuses and become embroiled in civil wars than are civilian dictatorships. The behavior of strongmen diverges from that of more constrained military rulers in other areas, however. Military strongmen start more international wars than either military regimes or civilian dictators, perhaps because they have more reason to fear postouster exile, prison, or assassination. Fear of the future may also motivate their resistance to transition. Military strongmen are more often ousted by insurgency, popular uprising, or invasion than are military regimes or civilian dictators. Their tenures rarely end in democratization, whereas the opposite is true of military regimes. Adapted from the source document.

The reach & influence of the military have infiltrated the government, corporate, economic, & social sectors of Pakistani society. The military's organizational strength & its ties to the economy & society have deepened its already significant control over the country. This prominent position of power can be tied to a number of factors, including the ethnic & social make-up of the Army & the role of Islam in military ideology. Though a powerful military is likely to continue to draw resources away from societal development & security, the military may come to realize that only a strong & prosperous society will have the resources necessary to maintain a powerful military presence. K. Larsen

The reach & influence of the military have infiltrated the government, corporate, economic, & social sectors of Pakistani society. The military's organizational strength & its ties to the economy & society have deepened its already significant control over the country. This prominent position of power can be tied to a number of factors, including the ethnic & social make-up of the Army & the role of Islam in military ideology. Though a powerful military is likely to continue to draw resources away from societal development & security, the military may come to realize that only a strong & prosperous society will have the resources necessary to maintain a powerful military presence. K. Larsen

"Military Effectiveness" published on by Oxford University Press.

Shipping list no.: 86-324-P. ; "DoD 1304.12Y." ; Includes indexes. ; "U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command"--P. [2] of cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Section 1 was issued under the former name of the society: Research on Military Education. ; Cover serves as title-page. ; i. Statements of presidents of universities and colleges upon the value of the R.O.T.C. as an educational component.--ii. Orientation for R.O.T.C. duty. ; Mode of access: Internet.