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AbstractThe pursuit of nature conservation was central to the scientific section of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) from the outset. In order to build a network of expertise and practice, UNESCO supported the establishment of a non-governmental organisation, the fledgling International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). This small core of non-governmental actors found itself thrown into the arena of global politics and was forced out of its conservation niche. In August 1949, UNESCO and IUPN jointly convened a global conference on ecology and education. The genesis and progress of this conference highlighted the growing prominence of environmental issues and the increasing reciprocity between these issues and questions of nutrition, development and health in the immediate post-war era.

ABSTRACTBased on a theory proposed for the possible link between financial market integration and nonlinear cointegration, this study reinvestigates international stock market linkages by performing both conventional linear cointegration tests and newly developed rank tests for nonlinear cointegration. The stock price indexes of Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States are used, with daily data spanning from 29 May 1992 to 10 April 2001. Much more evidence of market integration emerges from nonlinear than linear cointegration analysis, suggesting that comovements among various national stock markets may well take nonlinear forms. Our findings challenge the conclusion of market segmentation reached in some previous studies that only conducted linear cointegration analysis.

Structures and processes occurring within and between states are no longer the only - or even the most important - determinants of those political, economic and social developments and dynamics that shape the modern world. Many issues, including the environment, health, crime, drugs, migration and terrorism, can no longer be contained within national boundaries. As a result, it is not always possible to identify the loci for authority and legitimacy, and the role of governments has been called into question. Civil Society anf International Governance critically analyses the increasing impact of nongovernmental organisations and civil society on global and regional governance. Written from the standpoint of advocates of civil society and addressing the role of civil society in relation to the UN, the IMF, the G8 and the WTO, this volume assess the role of various non-state actors from three perspectives: theoretical aspects, civil society interaction with the European Union and civil society and regional governance outside Europe, specifically Africa, East Asia and the Middle East. It demonstrates that civil society's role has been more complex than one defined in terms, essentially, of resistance and includes actual participation in governance as well as multi-facetted contributions to legitimising and democratising global and regional governance. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, international relations, civil society, sociology, European politics and global governance. Contents: Introduction: civil society and international governance (David Armstrong, Julie Gilson) (1-12). Part 1 Theory - Civil Society and the Democratisation of Global Public Space (Debora Spini) (15-30); Collective and Social Identity: A Theoretical Analysis of the Role of Civil Society in the Construction of Supra-National Societies (Valeria Bello) (31-48); Organized Civil Society and Political Representation in the EU Arena (Carlo Ruzza) (49-70). Part 2 The European Union - Europeanization of Non-State Actors: Towards a Framework for Analysis (Karolina Boronska-Hryniewiecka) (73-91); Between Localisation and Europeanisation: Non-Governmental Organisations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Erica Panighello) (92-106); European Integration, Cross-Border Cooperation and Third-Sector Mobilizations in the Basque Country (Xabier Itçaina) (107-126). Part 3 Civil Society Outside Europe - Governance and Non-Governmental Organisations in East Asia: Building Region-Wide Coalitions (Julie Gilson) (129-147); Civil Society and Regional Governance in Eastern and Southern Africa (Andréas Godsäter, Frederik Söderbaum) (148-165); The Role of Civil Society in Regional Governance in the Middle East (Michael Schulz) (166-180); Transnational Labour Mobilization in the Americas (Marcelo Saguier) (181-197).