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RASA is an interesting African continental project, which challenges the usefulness for Africa of the economic indicators developed by international organizations and countries of the North. It is a second stage of decolonization, that of the spirits and the reconquest of a true sovereignty on the specific vital objectives of the inhabitants of a continent. Other values that unbridled liberalism must be revalued, including solidarities, authentic living conditions and human values. The goal is set, but change management is still embryonic. Solid thinking must be initiated regarding the security of men, societies, nations, in a continent often divided by religious, ethnic, political and economic factors. ; Le RASA est un projet continental africain intéressant, qui remet en cause l'utilité, pour l'Afrique, des indicateurs économiques développés par les organisations internationales et les pays du Nord. Il s'agit d'une seconde étape de décolonisation, celle des esprits et de la reconquête d'une vraie souveraineté sur les objectifs vitaux spécifiques des habitants d'un continent. D'autres valeurs qu'un libéralisme débridé doivent être revalorisées, concernant notamment les solidarités, les conditions de vie authentiques et les valeurs humaines. L'objectif est fixé, mais la conduite du changement reste encore embryonnaire. Une réflexion solide doit être engagée concernant la sécurité des hommes, des sociétés, des nations, dans un continent souvent divisé par des facteurs religieux, ethniques, politiques et économiques.

RASA is an interesting African continental project, which challenges the usefulness for Africa of the economic indicators developed by international organizations and countries of the North. It is a second stage of decolonization, that of the spirits and the reconquest of a true sovereignty on the specific vital objectives of the inhabitants of a continent. Other values that unbridled liberalism must be revalued, including solidarities, authentic living conditions and human values. The goal is set, but change management is still embryonic. Solid thinking must be initiated regarding the security of men, societies, nations, in a continent often divided by religious, ethnic, political and economic factors. ; Le RASA est un projet continental africain intéressant, qui remet en cause l'utilité, pour l'Afrique, des indicateurs économiques développés par les organisations internationales et les pays du Nord. Il s'agit d'une seconde étape de décolonisation, celle des esprits et de la reconquête d'une vraie souveraineté sur les objectifs vitaux spécifiques des habitants d'un continent. D'autres valeurs qu'un libéralisme débridé doivent être revalorisées, concernant notamment les solidarités, les conditions de vie authentiques et les valeurs humaines. L'objectif est fixé, mais la conduite du changement reste encore embryonnaire. Une réflexion solide doit être engagée concernant la sécurité des hommes, des sociétés, des nations, dans un continent souvent divisé par des facteurs religieux, ethniques, politiques et économiques.

Im Jahr 2000 läuft das bestehende Abkommen der EU mit den AKP-Partnerstaaten aus. Bisher ist noch nicht klar, wie das Nachfolgeabkommen aussehen wird. In diesem Zusammenhang beschäftigen sich mehrere Autoren mit den künftigen Anforderungen: F. Nuscheler ("Ende einer Partnerschaft?") plädiert für eine Neugestaltung der Partnerschaft, die Kern einer gemeinsamen Außenpolitik der EU werden soll. R. Kappel ("Zweifelhafte Vorzugsbehandlung") spricht sich für eine Reform der Privilegien aus, die den Zugang zum europäischen Markt sichern sollen. Diese haben bereits in der Vergangenheit nur wenig den Intentionen entsprochen und sind durch die Veränderungen auf dem Weltmarkt kaum noch sinnvoll. O. V. Ryborg geht den Interessen der einzelnen Gruppen nach, die diese an einem neuen Vertragswerk haben. In einem Interview erklärt der Generalsekretär der AKP-Staaten, Ng'andu Peter Magande, deren Haltung: Sie wollen als gemeinsamer Block bestehen bleiben. Er plädiert für einen intensiveren Dialog mit der EU und für eine stärkere Einbeziehung der betroffenen Bevölkerung. C.-D. Spranger empfiehlt eine bilaterale Zusammenarbeit in der Entwicklungspolitik, die jedoch in keinem Gegensatz zur multilateralen Entwicklungshilfe stehen soll. W. Kreissl-Dörfler prangert die gegenwärtigen Liberalisierungstendenzen an, in der EU spielt die Entwicklungspolitik kaum eine Rolle. (DÜI-Wgm)

Die Lücken im internationalen Recht und die unzureichenden gesetzlichen Regelungen der Industrieländer in Bereich des internationalen Abfallhandels haben eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Abfallverschiebungen gespielt. Aufgrund der wirtschaftlichen Schwierigkeiten wurde Afrika schnell ein Partner für den Abfallhandel. In den afrikanischen Gesetzgebungen von 1988 sucht man vergeblich Vorschriften über toxische und gefährliche Abfälle, was sich änderte, als man die nicht wieder gut zu machenden Schäden erkannte. Die Basler Konvention vom 22. März 1989 weist Mängel auf, wobei an erster Stelle das Fehlen einer Regelung für eine internationale Verantwortung für die Schäden, die durch den genzüberschreitenden Abfalltransport verursacht werden, zu nennen ist. Darüberhinaus wurden zusätzlich regionale Abkommen geschlossen, wie z.B. das Abkommen von Bamako vom 31. Januar 1991. (DÜI-Ott)

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Definitions -- Past Literature -- Theoretical Foundations and Origins of Crusades against Christians -- Outline of the Present Volume -- Part I: Crusades in Southern Europe and the Balkans -- Chapter 2: Crusades Against Cathars, c.1207-1229 -- Introduction and Historiography -- Who Did Contemporaries Think the Cathars Were? -- Who Did Popes Think the Cathars Were? -- Why Did Popes Call for the Albigensian Crusade? -- How Did the Papacy Inspire People to Take Part in the Albigensian Crusade? -- How Did the Albigensian Crusade Compare with Crusades to the Holy Land? -- Conclusion: The Development of Papal Crusading Policy -- Chapter 3: Holy War and Crusade in Southern Italy: Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries -- Introduction and Historiography -- The Origins of Crusades against Christians -- The Crusades against the Hohenstaufen and the Arrival of the Angevins -- The War of the Sicilian Vespers and the Crusades: Papal Support of the Angevins -- After the Peace of Caltabellotta (1302): The Fading of the Sicilian Crusades -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Crusades in Northern Italy in the Thirteenth Century -- Introduction and Historiography -- Preludes to the Northern Italian Crusades: The Pontificates of Innocent III and Honorius IV (1198-1227) -- Papal and Imperial Quasi-crusading (1227-1239) -- The Crusade against Frederick II and His Northern Italian Supporters (1240-1250) -- The Crusade against Frederick II and Heterodoxy -- Surge and Decline of Crusading within Northern Italy after Frederick II's Death in 1250: The Case of Ezzelino da Romano -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5: Crusades in Northern Italy in the Fourteenth Century -- Introduction and Historiography -- The Crusades -- The Chroniclers -- Conclusions.

""Local Responses to Global Challenges in Southeast Asia - A Transregional Studies Reader" is a collection of multidisciplinary essays, predominantly derived from papers presented at EuroSEAS 2019, the leading academic conference on Southeast Asian Studies, hosted by Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. It brings together a variety of scholars from Southeast Asia, Europe and North America, allowing for multiple flows and directionalities of knowledge productions and exchanges, be it between the Global South and North as well as within the Global South. The reader presents empirically-oriented, theoretically grounded analyses of local responses to global challenges such as knowledge-productions; notions and practices of building diverse communities; neo-populisms and contentious politics; resources and sustainability; urbanization; labor, livelihoods and mobilities. Each section starts with an introduction reviewing the state of the art. Authors will take cue from a transregional perspective understood as a distinct and alternative perspective on multi-lingual and transcultural spaces of contact, exchange and transfer. This includes a contextualization of phenomena in terms of diverse (cross) linkages and entanglements, including motilities on different scales, i.e. ranging from the local, regional to national and/or global levels. Container-based notions of place and space are addressed in a critical manner, where space and area are understood as notions beyond established systems of ordering and meta-geographies. A key goal is to allow for a consistent conceptual advancement of New Area Studies, which are critical, decentred, decolonial, diversified, and multi-disciplinary in nature"--

"The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the world's vulnerabilities to health and economic ruin from disease outbreaks. But the pandemic merely reveals fundamental weaknesses and contradictions in global health. What are the roots of discontents in global health? How do geo-politics, power dynamics, knowledge gaps, racism, and corruption affect global health? Is foreign aid for health due for a radical overhaul? This book is an incisive guide to the practice of global health in real life. Global health policy is at a crossroads. It is on trial at the interface between the Global North and the Global South. There has been remarkable progress in health outcomes over the past century. Yet, countries face a complex landscape of lofty ambitions in the form of political commitments to Universal Health Coverage, Human Capital, and Global Health Security. These ambitions are tempered by multiple constraints. Investors in global health must navigate a minefield of uneven progress, great expectations, and denials of scientific evidence by entrenched interests. That terrain is further complicated by the hegemonic suppression of innovation that threatens the status quo and by self-perpetuating cycles of dependency of the Global South on the Global North. This book is an unflinching scrutiny of concepts and cases by a veteran of global health policy and practice. It holds a mirror to the world and lays out pathways to a better future. The book is a must-have GPS for policy makers and practitioners as they navigate the maze of global health."

Intro -- Foreword -- Beyond the Normative Order in African Higher Education Studies -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Tables -- 1: Community Engagement and Service-Learning in Higher Education: A General Overview -- The Aims of this Book -- Structure of the Book -- Terminologies -- Community Engagement -- Service-Learning -- Scholarship of Engagement -- The Concept of Community -- The Notion of CE and SL Partnership -- Capabilities -- Human Development -- Social Justice -- Public Good and Common Good -- Higher Education: Human Development and the Common Good -- Higher Education's Contribution to Social Justice -- Higher Education's Contribution to Citizenship Formation -- Higher Education Developing Common Good Professionals -- CE and SL as Pathways to Advancing Human Development and the Common Good -- CE and SL Advancing Social Justice -- CE and SL Contributing to Citizenship Formation and Common Good Professionals -- Cultivating Students' Citizenship and Common Good Professional Capacities -- CE and SL Promoting Engaged and Active Citizenship in Communities -- CE and SL Pathway and Gateway to Academic Citizenship -- Introducing the Study -- Institutional Context -- Selected CE/SL Programmes/Activities -- Social Work CE/SL -- Nursing CE/SL -- Humanities (Bachelor of Social Sciences) CE/SL -- Study Sample -- Interview Protocols -- References -- 2: Community Engagement and Service-Learning in African and South African Higher Education: A Question of Relevance-A Historical and Current Sketch -- Neglecting African Higher Education: Decline of Social Purposes -- Revitalising the Developmental Role of African Higher Education -- Challenges Facing the Developmental Role of African Universities -- CE and SL in South African Higher Education -- Towards a Scholarship of Engagement and the Common Good.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 An introduction to writing Southeast Asian security -- The questions that drive this book -- Notes -- References -- 2 The politics and ethics of critical approaches to security -- Critical security studies and the question of ontology -- The scope and meaning of "security" in (South) East Asia -- Realism and the "hub and spokes" model -- Constructivism and the "comprehensive security community" model -- Conclusion - beyond constructivism in (South) East Asian security -- Notes -- References -- 3 In search of monsters: US foreign policy in East and Southeast Asia -- What is foreign policy and how can we know it? -- Foreign policy as the stories we tell -- Risk, pre-emption, and constructions of threat -- Critically assessing US foreign policy in East and Southeast Asia -- From the Cold War to the War on Terror -- The Bush Doctrine in East and Southeast Asia -- Conclusion: the War on Terror as a hegemonic security narrative -- Notes -- References -- 4 Here be monsters! "Experts" and the mapping of terror -- Expertise and the construction of threat -- The problem with terrorism experts -- Expert claim one: political Islam as imminent threat -- Expert claim two: regional Islamism with global linkages -- Expert claim three: terrorism as pathology -- Conclusion - the making of monsters -- Notes -- References -- 5 Irruptions of the War on Terror in Southeast Asia: gender, sovereignty, and constructions of insecurity -- Gendered insecurities -- US-Philippines military relations -- Sexual violence and privileged exemption -- Architectures of sovereignty -- Shifting domestic security narratives -- Mobilizing War on Terror discourses -- Conclusion - "national resilience" as security -- Notes -- References

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Third Wave of Science Studies -- 1.2 Focusing on Expertise and Experience -- 1.3 Imitation Games -- 1.4 Interactional Expertise and the Problem of Incommensurability -- 1.5 The Purpose and Organization of This Volume -- References -- Part I -- Chapter 2: Twenty-Five Years of Opposing Trends: The Demystification of Science in Law, and the Waning Relativism in the Sociology of Science -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Science in Law -- 2.3 Science Studies -- 2.4 Reverse Trajectories -- 2.5 Conclusion: These Are Good Trends -- References -- Chapter 3: Ignoring Experts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Robotic Experts -- 3.2.1 Theorizing Robotic Experts: Or, Reflexive Chickens -- 3.2.2 A Case: Australian Climate Change Experts -- 3.3 Dangerous Experts -- 3.3.1 Theorizing Dangerous Experts: Mild and Radical -- 3.3.2 A Case: The Lights Go Out in South Australia -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Recognizing Counterfeit Scientific Controversies in Science Policy Contexts: A Criteria-Based Approach -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The South African AZT Controversy3 -- 4.3 First Criterion: Conceptual Continuity with Science -- 4.4 Second Criterion: Expertise of the Protagonists -- 4.5 Third Criterion: Constitutive Work -- 4.6 Fourth Criterion: Ongoing Argument -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Judging Social Work Expertise in Care Proceedings -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Context: Care Proceedings, Family Justice Reforms and the Re-positioning of Social Workers as "Experts" -- 5.3 Understanding Social Work Expertise -- 5.4 The Socio-Legal Study -- 5.5 Discussion -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- List of Statutes -- Statutory Instruments -- List of Cases.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The European Security Community -- The Post-Soviet South Caucasus and European Security -- Book Outline -- References -- Chapter 2: European Security Community Expansion -- Conceptualising Security Communities -- Security Community Formation -- Identity, Power and Security -- Security Community Expansion -- The European Security Community -- Security Communities Meet Balance of Power -- References -- Chapter 3: The European Neighbourhood Policy and the Expansion of the European Security Community -- The EU as a Security Provider in the Neighbourhood -- Designing a New Regional Security Order Beyond Enlargement -- The European Neighbourhood Policy -- The Norms and Practices of Security Community Expansion Through the ENP -- The European Neighbours: Identity and Security in the Eastern Partnership -- Challenges to the Expansion of the European Security Community Through the ENP -- References -- Chapter 4: Regional and Global Neighbours of the South Caucasus -- The Euro-Atlantic Structures -- The EU: Imagining a Region -- The United States: The Global Neighbour -- Pan-European Institutions: The Council of Europe, NATO and the OSCE -- OSCE -- Council of Europe -- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -- Challengers of the European Security Community -- Russia: From the End of the 'Post-Soviet Space' to the Emergence of a 'Greater Russia'14 -- Turkey: Carving a Role for Itself in Eurasia -- Iran: The Pragmatic Neighbour -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Armenia: Breaking Isolation to Reach Europe -- Background -- Historical Memory: A Stateless Nation and the Genocide Issue -- State Building -- The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict -- Diaspora -- New Trends After 1999 -- The Domestic Level -- The External Dimension

When the southern African country of Rhodesia was reborn as Zimbabwe in 1980, democracy advocates celebrated the defeat of a white supremacist regime and the end of colonial rule. Zimbabwean crowds cheered their new prime minister, freedom fighter Robert Mugabe, with little idea of the misery he would bring them. Under his leadership for the next 30 years, Zimbabwe slid from self-sufficiency into poverty and astronomical inflation. The government once praised for its magnanimity and ethnic tolerance was denounced by leaders like South African Nobel Prize-winner Desmond Tutu. Millions of refugees fled the country. How did the heroic Mugabe become a hated autocrat, and why were so many outside of Zimbabwe blind to his bloody misdeeds for so long? In "A Predictable Tragedy: Robert Mugabe and the Collapse of Zimbabwe" Daniel Compagnon reveals that while the conditions and perceptions of Zimbabwe had changed, its leader had not. From the beginning of his political career, Mugabe was a cold tactician with no regard for human rights. Through eyewitness accounts and unflinching analysis, Compagnon describes how Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) built a one-party state under an ideological cloak of anti-imperialism. To maintain absolute authority, Mugabe undermined one-time ally Joshua Nkomo, terrorized dissenters, stoked the fires of tribalism, covered up the massacre of thousands in Matabeleland, and siphoned off public money to his minions-all well before the late 1990s, when his attempts at radical land redistribution finally drew negative international attention. -- Book jacket

This contribution examines the criminal responsibility that is imposed upon parents for the delinquent acts of their children. As South African law has been swayed by the legal philosophy of Anglo-American jurisprudence, a comparative analysis is undertaken with the United States of America, where this imposition has been addressed legislatively in both civil tort law and criminal law. The reasoning underlying the implementation of such specific legislation in the United States is that the common law principles are rooted on the principles of individualisation, which does not specifically cater for parental liability. These parental responsibility laws have been challenged constitutionally over the years in the United States, as critics argue that such laws interfere with the rights of parents to raise their children and are also a form of cruel punishment. Additional criticism submitted is that parental responsibility laws impose strict liability on parents. Further misgivings have also been voiced that many parents face challenges such as those of being a single parent or of suffering poverty, both of which will be exacerbated if fines are imposed, or if such parents are imprisoned for their child's misconduct. It will be shown that in the United States these laws have managed to withstand such challenges over many decades in both the fields of the law of tort and that of criminal law. Although the common law of tort provides for the liability of parents for their child's misconduct, the child's conduct must be specifically attributable to the parent's action or inaction. Tort parental responsibility legislation focuses not only on providing monetary compensation by parents where their children are unable to do so, but also aims to pursuade parents to better supervise their children. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the focus of statutory criminalisation tends to remain on the criminal liability of parents for failing to protect others from the actions of their children resulting from a failure in supervision, as well as a prevention of juvenile delinquency. The South African law of delict is briefly contiguously considered in the context of parental responsibility laws. The concept of South African parental criminal responsibility law is then considered. It is proffered as a useful mechanism to regulate the misconduct of children currently falling outside the ambit of the criminal law.Keywords: Parental responsibility; delinquent acts of children; law of delict; criminal law; comparative approach with the United States.