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Le système humanitaire international est voué à évoluer. L'institution de ces évolutions dans le cadre du Grand Bargain contribue à l'accélération de ce processus transformationnel. À très court terme, les acteurs composant le monde humanitaires seront amenés à s'adapter à ces changements. La raréfaction des financements humanitaires couplée aux objectifs de la localisation de l'aide impactent la structure du système humanitaire en favorisant la montée en puissance de nouveaux acteurs issus du secteur privé ainsi que des sociétés civiles locales et nationales. Cette situation de potentielle mise en concurrence sera susceptible de questionner les principes fondateurs des ONG internationales dans le sens où le rôle opérationnel des ONGI semble remis en cause au profit d'une fonction de support et d'accompagnement aussi bien technique que politique. En tant qu'organisation, les ONGI doivent mener une réflexion approfondie sur la manière dont elles peuvent adapter leurs structures traditionnelles aux évolutions de l'aide. L'étude de cas ici présentée analyse les stratégies d'adaptation d'une ONGI en particulier : Médecins du Monde France. L'association médicale et militante de solidarité internationale fait preuve d'une volonté politique de changement dont le processus est déjà en cours d'application. Ainsi, le mandat, les objectifs ainsi que les principes des ONGI, et de MDM-F, doivent faire l'objet de stratégies d'adaptation propres à garantir leur pertinence et leur légitimité au sein d'un échiquier humanitaire international nouveau. Les ONG internationales devront changer de modèle économique, opérationnel et de gouvernance pour s'adapter aux évolutions du système humanitaire international.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Hearings and markup held Mar. 22-Apr. 21, 1977. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 77 H461-33 (pt.1), CIS 77 H461-71 (pt.2) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Future needs play an important part in economic action. They urge private householders as well as society as a whole to choose between the immediate consumption of income and the saving of income for present and future satisfaction. In this situation of choice in economic conduct, Böhm‐Bawerk (1851–1914), the well‐known Austrian economist of the second generation, analysed the subject of time preference and put forward an explanation for interest. The aim of this essay is to review this theory and to assess its significance for present‐day economics.

AbstractBelonging has regularly been related to discrimination, most studies originally focusing on the contrasting effect of education (and later also employment, language proficiency and social contacts) in explaining belonging through discrimination (e.g. the integration paradox). Yet, few studies focus on 'feeling at home' as indicator of belonging among recently arrived refugees nor do they investigate dynamics or include refugee-specific (reception period and mental health) characteristics as determinants. Employing longitudinal survey data on 2484 recently arrived Syrian refugees in the Netherlands to explain their 'feeling at home' during the initial period after arrival, results showed the positive impact of changes in mental health, being active during reception and changes in social contacts on changes in Syrians' feeling at home in the Netherlands. Like in previous studies, higher education was negatively related to Syrians' feeling at home. Indicating indirect effect for the refugee-specific characteristics we found that those with a better mental health generally perceived discrimination less, resulting in feeling at home in the Netherlands more strongly. Also, among this relatively new group of refugees, perceived discrimination directly and indirectly explains the dynamics in feeling at home. As such, policies targeted at newcomers' integration can ultimately be effective if being allowed to belong by receiving society members is an integral part of this.

In der internationalen Politik gibt es aktuell eine Vielzahl von weitreichenden Herausforderungen. Aufgrund der begrenzten Reichweite von Regionalorganisationen wie der Europäischen Union sowie der strukturellen Defizite und politischen Blockaden der Vereinten Nationen haben informelle, regionenübergreifende und themenspezifische Formen der Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen von "G(ruppen)-Formaten" wie den G7 oder den G20 in den letzten Jahren zusehends an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die "G-Formate" neben einer Reihe von Stärken auch eine Reihe von - mitunter spiegelbildlichen - Schwächen aufweisen und dass sie zugleich infolge des gegenwärtigen Zustands gerade der VN unvermindert relevant sind, vielleicht sogar mehr denn je.

Following the First World War, a group of lawyers and diplomats drafted the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Ever since, the Statute of the World Court has contained an article (Article 38) which indicates the rules the Court should apply when it administers the law. Since that time the complexity of international society has increased considerably, and the need for speedy production of rules of international law has also grown very conspicuously, consequent upon the ever-increasing interdependence of the more than 160 states which are now the main producers of that law. In these circumstances, it seems to me to be of importance to state in as plain terms as possible how international law is made.

The article deals with the issues related to analysis of domestic engineering problems with the assessment of the current state of the industry as a whole. Considering the prospects of exiting the current crisis, as well as long-term economic growth we expect general welfare within the sector. As the object of the study the authors have selected the engineering industry of the country. The subject of research is the economic relations between producers and consumers of engineering products, as well as issues of strategy formation and development of the engineering industry. The authors analyzed the state of machine-manufacture and highlighted the problems, the solution of which is most relevant given the government policy of increased import substitution and enhanced productivity. Further analysis was carried out in the sphere of sources of financing and attraction of investment resources for all kinds of enterprises of mechanical engineering, on the basis of which economic development strategy for the industry may be constructed. In addition, the authors propose measures and concrete ways of solving the problems identified by the formation of economic strategy of development of the industry, involving plans of achievement of all the defined targets. As a result of the study authors concluded that the need to stop subsidizing loss-making enterprises, creating a favorable climate for the development of venture companies, in order t introduce innovative technology as soon as possible. These technologies could subsequently be exported together with products of greater added value. ; peer-reviewed