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Scholarly activities at Fort Hays State University are defined as original, innovative intellectualcontributions in the form of research, practice, creative activity, or performance. FHSU recognizes andvalues the diversity of types of scholarship, including discovery, pedagogy, integration, engagement,and application (Boyer, 1997). Scholarly activities must be intended and reasonably expected to leadto the production of scholarly works. Scholarly works must be communicated with and validated bypeers beyond the FHSU campus community. The means of communication as well as the comparativevalue of types of scholarly activity and work are to be determined by each department. Thesedeterminations will reflect what is commonly accepted in the discipline.

Record of Chattanooga, Tennessee Board of Education meetings, conference, speaking engagements, and public hearings from 1955 to 1961.

Record of Chattanooga, Tennessee Board of Education meetings, conference, speaking engagements, and public hearings from 1955 to 1961.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Education, Race, and Politics -- 2 Segregation: Separate and Unequal, through the 1950s -- 3 North Carolina's Response to Brown: The Pearsall Plan, 1952 to 1956 -- 4 Tokenism: From 1956 to 1960 -- 5 The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement: From 1960 to the Mid-1960s -- 6 Early, Limited Desegregation: The Mid- to Late 1960s -- 7 System-wide Desegregation: Late 1960s to Late 1970s -- Epilogue: Reform and Resegregation -- Appendix 1. Key Office Holders -- Appendix 2. Members of the First and Second Pearsall Committees -- Notes -- Select Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

The paper analyzes the sociological theory. Western type public modernity theories are assumed as a process, for which a developing society is approaching the developed societies reaching a certain level of economic growth, a certain level of public participation and the democratic stage of development, giving the individual more physical, social and economic mobility. Structural functionalism (Parson, 1997; Merton, 1997 et al.). With the approach to this theory, it can be said that inequality in education stems from the ascription to social class, strata, ethnic groups, etc., also due to individual's achievements, which are usually associated with the innate talents and efforts. The analysis of an individual's social functioning and social stratification is based on the approach to Capital theory (Bourdieu, 1986). Thus, the participation of education players in education system, also the accessibility of education to an individual depends on the volume and structure of the available capital. Participation in individual's reproduction process and education system, based on the approach to this theory, is defined by individual's habits (habitus), and harmony with individual's social status. The theory of social conflict (Dahrendorf, 1996; Coser, 1969) argues that conflicts can be identified among all social systems and the educational institute. In terms of social conflict society is the actual and potential arena of conflicts. Network activity theory (Burt, 1982; Granovetter, 1973; Castells, 2005) aims to analyze and describe reciprocal link models in the social system. The followers of this theory keep to the opinion that social structures need to be investigated first, as the players' behavior is constrained by social structures. Very often it is the case at education institution that students from the disadvantaged families, with negative evaluations or various disorders, are often isolated from the classroom and school community. ; Straipsnyje pristatomos pagrindinės švietimo sociologijos paradigmos (modernybės ir vėlyvosios modernybės; socialinio konflikto ir socialinio konstruktyvizmo; tinklaveikos ir kapitalo), laiduojančios švietimo kaip socialinio instituto gilesnę ir platesnę analizę. Ypač aktualu, remiantis aptartomis paradigmomis, analizuoti aktualiausias šių dienų ugdymo mokslų problemas: lygiavertišką dalyvavimą, ugdymo(si) lygiavertiškumą, švietimo prieinamumą, įtraukųjį ugdymą ir t. t. Šios teorijos suteikia galimybę iš sociologinės perspektyvos įvertinti dabartinio laikotarpio visuomenės tendencijas, atskleisti skirtingų pakopų švietimo institucijų veiklos suderinamumo ir nuoseklumo problemas, jų tarpusavio sąveiką ir santykį su kitomis visuomenės socialinėmis sistemomis, švietimo vaidmenį tobulinant visuomenės socialinę struktūrą.

Central-government politicians channel resources to sub-national entities for political gains. We show formally that the central politicians' allocation decision has two drivers: political alignment (between central and local politicians) and the level of local political accountability. However, drivers count one at a time: alignment matters before local elections, while local political accountability matters before central elections. We then perform a test of our model using Brazilian data, which corroborates our results. Furthermore, we show and explain why political accountability becomes a curse: better-educated districts receive fewer transfers in equilibrium.

The European Parliament Hearing of young people with special educational needs took place in Brussels on 3 November 2003. The Agency organised it with the support of the ministries of education in its member countries and the European Commission. It was one of the major events within the framework of the European Year of People with Disabilities. Twenty-three country delegations, with 146 representatives, participated in the event. The country delegations included 72 young people with special educational needs. This publication is a synthesis of their presentations. Download the PDF below, which presents them together in 17 of the Agency's official languages: Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish. ; This publication has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the concept global citizenship education. Global citizenship education is defined as democratic and sustainable education that pursues to educate a global citizen who is able to perceive the processes of the modern society, to demonstrate a positive attitude and to adapt to the global environment.It is emphasised that global citizenship is a factor ensuring development of a global citizen and his/her functioning within the global context. The analysis of the European and Lithuanian documents revealed that global citizenship education has to be initiated at the pre-primary school because children aged 5- to 7-years are capable to form/construct new global skills. Thus, to have global citizenship education integrated into the pre-primary school education is a must, but still gaps and obstacles exist.The objectives of the research are to investigate how the parents of pre-primary school aged children perceive the concept global citizenship. Data for this research were collected using the qualitative method - an interview. A major advantage of an interview is that this method allows to investigate parents' individual perception of global citizenship education.The most interesting aspect of the data gathered is that parents do not demonstrate complete understanding of global citizenship education and majority of them are not completely familiar with this phenomenon. They relate global citizenship education to travelling and living abroad, to knowledge of other countries/cultures and specific social issues such as pollution, discrimination, poverty. Taking into consideration the complexity of this process the parents' perception is insufficient. Therefore, further study has to be initiated regarding teachers' attitude to initiation and implementation of global citizenship education into the curriculum of the pre-primary school.

The United States is more ideologically, philosophically, culturally, linguistically, racially, and ethnically diverse than she has been in any given point in her history; however, many of her citizens are currently living in a state of fear. What stands out the most is how we allow this fear to take over our lives in multiple ways. We fear our neighbors; therefore, we do not engage them. We fear young people and the way they look; therefore, we do not have conversations with them. We fear the possibility of terrorists' attacks; therefore, we utilize eavesdropping and surveillance devices on our citizens. There are some of us who fear the lost of gun rights; therefore, we stockpile weapons. We fear anything that is different from who we are and what we believe. This nation has, at many points within our history, become more united because of our fear; however, as our borders, physical and virtual, become less protective and the opportunities to connect more via the digital world expand, we must educate our citizenry to not live in fear but in hope. To teach, learn, and lead democratically requires the individual to engage in problem posing and in critiquing taken-for-granted narratives of power and privilege. Critical change occurs with significant self-sacrifice, potential alienation/rejection, and costly consequences. Educators must do justice to the larger social, public, and institutional responsibility of our positions, and we must exercise courage in creating opportunities for change. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusive Education: A Voice from the Margins, provides the space and opportunity to move beyond a state of fear, into a state of "organic transformation," a place where fear creates the energy to speak those things that are not, as though they were

For a long time ago, Indonesia was identified as maritime country. The collective memory remembered from several islands in Indonesia shows that Indonesia is a large maritime space. The original name of the country was Nusantara, (called archipelago in English). From historical data in some location, there are some evidences about the glorious of the maritime kingdom in the continent. However, maritime perspective is not to be 'important issue" in the mind of Indonesian people nowadays. History education makes an important rule at the moment. Indonesian independence needs history education based on political perspective, especially to enhance nationalism. The orientation is continued until the New Order, and it is especially focused on the rule of Indonesia military. Reformation since 1998 should make democratization in Indonesian history teaching, but the reality, the tradition of writer in history education, was still stagnant. The content of maritime history in Indonesian History Education still become a big problem. This paper aims to analyze the development of the maritime content in Indonesian History education at school and to give the new alternative in teaching history based on maritime content. The alternative curriculum based on local competitiveness in maritime history related with regional and global region, is the best solution for it.