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The EOQ formula is definitely the oldest and best known single stage lot sizing technique. Its use reportedly dates back to 1904, even though it was not published until a later date. It is often looked upon with scepticism by practitioners and academicians alike, although the reasons for this may differ; it seems, however, to be the most widely used lot sizing technique overall.

PurposeThis study furthers the body of knowledge on entrepreneurial decision-making, entrepreneurial marketing and female entrepreneurs by exploring practical implications of heuristics and biases in female entrepreneurs' marketing decisions. Heuristics and biases influence many entrepreneurial decisions. Moreover, some of the most important entrepreneurial decisions are marketing-related. Given that the entrepreneurial marketing behavior emanates from entrepreneurial thinking and decision-making, one may conclude that female entrepreneurs' marketing decisions are susceptible to heuristics and biases. This paper aims to explore the outcomes of heuristics and biases in entrepreneurial marketing decisions.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 19 Iranian female biotech entrepreneurs and analyzed by thematic analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that introducing pioneering products to the market, overestimating product's market appeal, unprepared entry, underestimating the competition, overcoming entry impediments, entry postponement, growth, success in incremental innovation and failure in radical innovation are the main outcomes of the identified heuristics and biases in the female entrepreneurs' marketing decisions.Practical implicationsThis paper has some precious practical implications for marketers as well as female entrepreneurs running small businesses. Generally speaking, reducing the negative impacts of the identified heuristics and biases of this study while enhancing their positive effects will increase the chances of female entrepreneurs to compete and succeed in tumultuous markets. Furthermore, our most important managerial implication is regarding overconfidence, which was very common in the female entrepreneurs' marketing decisions by having various positive and negative outcomes. Thus, female entrepreneurs should be careful of this fateful bias in their decisions by knowing the most common signs of overconfidence.Originality/valueThis paper is unique because of not only identifying the main heuristics and biases but also their major outcomes in entrepreneurs' major marketing decisions. Moreover, this paper is a pioneer in exploring heuristics and biases in female entrepreneurs' decisions.

Investigates group scheduling heuristics in a flow shop cellular
system with two types of order shipment environment: permitted early
shipment (PES) and forbidden early shipment (FES). Once an order is
completed in the PES environment, it leaves the system without delay. In
the FES environment, however, the suppliers must deliver materials to
the system on a just‐in‐time basis; and a completed order cannot leave
the system earlier than the customer has specified. The FES environment
therefore captures many of the features of the currently popular
just‐in‐time (JIT) approach to manufacturing. Examines shop factors such
as the order shipment environment, demand pattern variability, and order
release policy. Shows that the performance of heuristics in the FES
environment differs from their performance in the PES environment,
except for tardiness‐related measures. Identifies the best performing
heuristics, which can provide guidance for schedulers or decision makers
in the selection of preferable heuristics.