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The active involvement of private sectors in Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) projects is critical for sustainable development of the PPP mode. While there have been many studies on PPP in the literature, limited research has been conducted to investigate the critical factors that affect the intention of the private sector to participate in PPP projects. To bridge the knowledge gap, this study proposed a theoretical model based upon the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and then tested it based upon empirical data collected from China. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed in testing the model. Results indicated that &ldquo ; perceived behavioral control&rdquo ; &ldquo ; governmental influence&rdquo ; and &ldquo ; private sectors&rsquo ; attitude toward PPP&rdquo ; were the three most significant latent variables affecting the intention of private sectors to participate in PPP projects ; and &ldquo ; financial capability&rdquo ; &ldquo ; full compliance with PPP contracts&rdquo ; and &ldquo ; profitability&rdquo ; were the three most significant observable variables affecting the intention of the private sector. The research findings contribute to the body of knowledge about private sector involvement in PPP projects in a Chinese context, and also provide solid support for the government to issue relevant polices or undertake reforms to attract more private sectors to participate in the PPP projects.

Since the beginning of 2020, China has banned the consumption of wild animals to combat the spread of zoonoses. Most existing studies focus on the intention and behavior of wildlife consumption and their causes; however, few have looked at public willingness to resist wildlife consumption, as well as the cause and effects of such actions. In this study, a framework for an extended theory of planned behavior was constructed. Based on a 7-point Likert scale, a sample of 1194 respondents from eight provinces across China was obtained through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze netizen behavioral intention to resist consuming wild animals and their causes to provide a reference for the implementation and optimization of relevant policies. The study model passed the goodness-of-fit test, confirming the robustness of the results. The results showed that Chinese netizens' intention to resist consuming wild animals was moderate, with 55.19% willing to participate in activities against it, i.e., it is important to resist eating wild animals as a standard. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and past experience of the Chinese netizen had significant positive effects on resistance intention, i.e., (1) netizens' current living area with severe outbreaks were more likely to resist wildlife consumption, (2) highly knowledge level netizens were more likely to resist wildlife consumption than less knowledgeable ones, and (3) lower income level had higher behavioral intentions of netizens. The findings suggest that the government must take a lead role in wildlife protection and strengthen its restrictions, laws, and regulations. The media should also be used to promote conservation and popularize a protective message in favor of wild animals. Public quality and assurance of wildlife protection should be culturally reinforced to effectively ban the illegal trade of wild animals and their products.

from Scythe : Proceedings and Bulletin of the International Data Farming Community, Issue 8 Workshop 20 ; A goal of stability operations is to influence civilian attitudes in favor of the host nation (HN) government and the stabilization forces. To help understand the dynamics of civilian attitudes, the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Analysis Center (TRAC) developed the Cultural Geography (CG) model to simulate behavioral responses of civilian populations in a conflict eco-system.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural relationships between destination image, tourist satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, with an emphasis on the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction on the relation between destination image and loyalty in the context of a small-scale recurring sporting event held in Asia.


Design/methodology/approach
Validity and reliability of the measurement scale were proved through a confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's α analyses and correlation analyses. A structural equation modeling test with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to test the relationships among the research variables using 440 participants.


Findings
The results revealed destination image had a direct influence on tourist satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, and that tourist satisfaction had a direct influence on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Moreover, tourist satisfaction was found to partially mediate relationships between destination image and attitudinal loyalty, and between destination image and behavioral loyalty.


Practical implications
First, destination marketers and organizers of a small event should provide tourists with an international or domestic newsletter of the small event. Second, destination marketers should place well-educated employees at popular hotels and restaurants and the event organizers should arrange that trained volunteers be positioned at stadiums, to enable tourists to find the locations of interest, which would help develop a positive image of the destination. Third, marketers and organizers should actively use social media to improve destination images and promote sporting events.


Originality/value
The authors offer a new perspective of tourist satisfaction as a mediating effect. Existing studies show tourist satisfaction fully mediates on the relation between destination image and loyalty, but the present study shows tourist satisfaction partially mediates this relation. In this respect, the term "sporting event" should be regarded important when attempting to understand tourist psychology and behavior because the level of tourist satisfaction can be affected by a term like "sporting event" in the mediating effect context.

This paper focuses on the perceived pattern of alignment between a manager's words and deeds, with special attention to promise keeping, and espoused and enacted values. It terms this perceived pattern of alignment"Behavioral Integrity." The literatures on trust, psychological contracts, and credibility combine to suggest important consequences for this perception, and literatures on hypocrisy, social accounts, social cognition, organizational change, and management fashions suggest key antecedents to it. The resulting conceptual model highlights an issue that is problematic in today's managerial environment, has important organizational outcomes, and is relatively unstudied.

The field of labour is one of the most dynamic in the society and develops under the influence of the general social progress. Rapid development of digital technologies, towhich public regulators appeared not to be ready in many aspects, has also changed the field of labour by stimulating search and application of new forms of employment. Resulting from technological changes, they also often appear to be beyond legal regulation, thus posing risks both for the state or business, and for employees. Normally new, hybrid forms of labour relations are considered in the context of tax and employment law. That is because they are also related to human rights as it is individual rights and freedoms that are exposed to risks. Respectively, all hybrid models and public initiatives require scrupulous attention and analysis, since their effect may go beyond the framework of employment law or fiscal consequences. In the present article wewill consider the key factors affecting launching of such hybrid models, their pros and cons, as well as public initiatives aimed at regulating relations in the field, as exemplified by different forms of labour organization in the Ukrainian IT industry.

PurposeThe success of a supply chain is highly reliant on effective inventory and ordering decisions. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the literature on inventory ordering decisions conducted using behavioral experiments to inform the state-of-the-art.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the first systematic review of this literature. We systematically identify a body of 101 papers from an initial pool of over 12,000.FindingsExtant literature and industry observations posit that decision makers often deviate from optimal ordering behavior prescribed by the quantitative models. Such deviations are often accompanied by excessive inventory costs and/or lost sales. Understanding how humans make inventory decisions is paramount to minimize the associated consequences. To address this, the field of behavioral operations management has produced a rich body of research on inventory decision-making using behavioral experiments. Our analysis identifies primary research clusters, summarizes key learnings and highlights opportunities for future research in this critical decision-making area.Practical implicationsThe findings will have a significant impact on future research on behavioral inventory ordering decisions while informing practitioners to reach better ordering decisions.Originality/valuePrevious systematic reviews have explored behavioral operations broadly or its subdisciplines such as judgmental forecasting. This paper presents a systematic review that specifically investigates the state-of-the-art of inventory ordering decisions using behavioral experiments.

The impact of culture on entrepreneurship is a widely accepted phenomenon. Cultural factors influence entrepreneurship via different mechanisms on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level of a country. Building on existing research, we draw a clear link between national cultural dimensions and entrepreneurship, using a new model that arranges different cultural dimensions in groups based on their particular function: political, social, or individual (PSI-model) and that distinguishes between values and practices where relevant. The PSI-model provides a coherent theoretical framework on which different cultural dimensions and their impact on entrepreneurship can be analysed, allowing for particular attention to be drawn to social practices and social values. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship, providing empirical evidence of how specific cultural dimensions influence entrepreneurship. The findings are of relevance from a policy perspective and can be used to generate practical recommendations for national institutions interested in promoting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities. The findings are also transferable to other fields related to national cultural dimensions such as level of innovation, investment, budgeting etc.

Purpose The main purposes of the current study are to examine 1) the influence of narrative vs statistics messages on COVID-19 related information seeking and COVID-19 vaccine intention and 2) the moderating role of perceived behavioral control (PBC). Design Data for a between-subject randomized experiment were collected online. The manipulation messages were presented as screenshots from the CDC's Facebook page. Setting The participants were recruited from Amazon MTurk. Subjects A total of 300 subjects participated in the study, who were 18 years and above ( M = 38.40). Measures Intention to seek information, COVID-19 vaccine intention, and PBC. Analysis To test the hypotheses, we utilized Hayes's (2014) PROCESS for SPSS (Model 1). For intention to seek information, the main effect of the message manipulation (narrative vs statistics) [ b = −2.10, t (300) = −4.14, P < .001] and the interaction [ b = .41, t (300) = 3.88, P < .001] were significant. For vaccine intention, the main effects of message manipulation [ b = 1.64, t (300) = −2.61, P < .005] and the interaction [ b = .34, t (300) = 2.64, P < .005] were significant. Results Our research found that narrative messages were more persuasive for both information seeking and vaccine intention. But this was true only in the case of individuals whose PBC was low. Conclusions Our findings have critical implications for vaccine promotion research.

Abstract. Background: Use of Neuro-Enhancement Substances (NES) such as prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol to improve cognition, prosocial behavior, and performance is increasing among students. Aims: The study applied a multi-theory, integrated theoretical model to identify motivational and social cognition determinants of NES use among students. Methods: A prospective longitudinal design was adopted with 306 high school (66.8% female; Mage = 17.31 years, SD = 0.93) and 692 university (70.5% female; Mage = 24.97 years, SD = 6.64) students. They completed measures of motivation, social cognition constructs, and planning with respect to studying behavior and NES use. Results: Well-fitting structural equation models indicated the pervasive influence of autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for studying, as well as of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for NES use. Inclusion of past NES use increased explained variance in NES use and attenuated model effects, but the pattern of effects remained. Multi-group analyses indicated consistency in the pattern model effects across high school and university students. Limitations: The study findings might not be generalizable, as student samples were not randomly recruited. Furthermore, NES use only relied on self-report, and its assessment did not consider different NES substances. Finally, there was no assessment of implicit attitudes and habits toward studying and NES use. Conclusions: Findings extend prior literature by demonstrating the integrated guiding view that students' motivation and beliefs about studying influence their beliefs about and use of NES. Furthermore, the findings provide starting points for interventions targeting the reduction in NES use.

Neoliberalism, through a push to alter the nature of the state and of humanity, has led to a world in which knowledge has also be redefined. The push to marketize everything that is quintessential to neoliberal ideals has directly included the world of higher education. This effect is seen on the different levels of the state and the individuals that occupy it, as well as the institutions of higher education, have all been reshaped to economic models and thought. The direct effects of this are seen through an analysis of how women's studies have been impacted in both higher education and in the world thought the social movements that come about from the studies themselves, as well as a greater analysis of the social sciences and the heightened importance of the study of economics. This is further extrapolated though the impact on democracy that the marketization of higher education has had. Arguments in favor of globalization are presented to fully understand the conversation around neoliberalism, but are rejected. This paper closes with the potentials for reversals of the current system and structure, and what they could mean for the future of higher education. This seeks to fill in observed gaps in the current political science literature, through combining of previously researched information, as a means of expanding the current knowledge of neoliberalism and its impacts on the world. Through an analysis of how the marketization of higher education as become prevalent, this paper argues that knowledge itself has changed fundamentally.

I studied the disability wage gap by examining how participants' hiring decisions changed with varying levels of justification and with the educational attainment of candidates with and without disabilities. The justification-suppression model demonstrates how expressed prejudice increases as justification increases. Participants (N = 77) were randomly assigned to read fictitious hiring materials for either a disabled or nondisabled (control) candidate. I further manipulated the level of justification present (i.e., the level of accommodation requested) and the educational level of the candidate. Participants reported the salary and position they would give to the applicant, their perceptions of the candidate, and their levels of suppression of prejudice toward disabled persons. Results demonstrated that disabled candidates with lower education received a wage advantage over nondisabled candidates with similar levels of education, perhaps suggesting a bend-over-backwards or sympathy effect. However, disabled candidates were perceived more negatively than nondisabled candidates, perhaps as a result of their defiance of stereotypical perceptions of disabled people as incompetent as posited by the stereotype content model. Inconsistent with the justification-suppression model of prejudice, suppression and justification were not significantly associated with any form of employment discrimination. Overall results indicate that disability has an effect on both participants' perceptions of the candidates and their salaries. These findings may inform future research to explore effective legislative and educational approaches to eliminate disability-based employment discrimination.