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Les images mass-médiatiques courantes (illustration d'articles de presse, images publicitaires, affiches politiques et sociales…) citent bien souvent le domaine de l'Art (peintures, sculptures, photographies, images filmiques…). Ce dernier devient alors un univers de références à découvrir pour comprendre le message exprimé. De plus, découvrir les liens qui unissent les images du quotidien aux œuvres artistiques nous aide à mieux comprendre les sociétés dans lesquelles ces images sont produites. Cet article pose la question du lien entre les images, l'Art et l'imaginaire collectif et propose une réflexion didactique autour de ces liens. When images quote Art! Common mass media images such as illustrations for press articles, advertising pictures, political and social posters often quote the field of Art (paintings, sculptures, photos, film images…). Art thus becomes a world of references to be discovered in order to understand the conveyed message. Moreover, finding the links between the daily life pictures and the artistic piece helps people understand the societies in which those pictures are produced. This article discusses the relationship between images, Art and collective imagination and carries out a didactical reflection on those links.

The present inquiry addresses the problem of functional, stylistic and other changes in the Russian language in post-revolutionary Russia. This phenomenon known as "the Soviet language" is argued to have been a specific tool in building the new Soviet state with all its political, cultural and educational institutions. The research is based on comparative analysis method. The authors analyze the aims and results of the Soviet government policies applied to the state key institutions as well as the interdependence and interaction between the Soviet ideology and the language transformation. The investigation touches upon the historic background of political, economic and cultural changes after the Russian revolution of 1917. The main channels of ideological intervention are proved to have been school education, mass (proletarian) culture, mass media, penetration into the everyday life of the Soviet people. The findings reveal that the Soviet Russian language developed into one of the main Soviet propaganda tools due to the wide use of abbreviations, place names and clichés that turned it into a crucial factor in establishing "the right thinking" of the Soviet citizens. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p112

SummaryThe present paper examines the association between the type of household and maternal health in India using data from the National Family Health Survey 1998–99. The indicators of maternal health used in the analysis are contraceptive use, visit to obtain antenatal care in the first trimester, safe delivery and nutritional status of women measured in terms of body mass index (BMI). Binary and multinomial logistic regressions are used to establish associations. The type of household is coded into three categories, viz. nuclear household, joint household with in-laws and joint household without in-laws. The other independent variables used in the analysis are age, children ever born, work status, education of women, religion, caste, standard of living, exposure to mass media, women's autonomy and presence of others at the time of interview. The findings clearly suggest that type of household is significantly associated with the utilization of the above-mentioned services that positively affect maternal health. Women in nuclear households are more likely to utilize these services compared with women in joint households. However, an association between type of household and BMI was not found.

The propriety of various public-opinion-driven analyses of democracy & the desirability of democratic alternatives are discussed in an introduction to this journal issue (see abstracts of related articles). Over the past 6 years, the election of Bill Clinton as US president, the 1994 Congressional elections, & a range of public opinion polls have made claims of a conservative or liberal shift in public ideology. It is argued here that opinion polls & election results may not represent broad shifts in ideological alignment, & a number of studies are cited highlighting the problems with contemporary democracy: mass ignorance regarding issues & political structures, the potential for voting based on demographic &/or personal perferences, & the influence of mass media campaigns. Although the elite strata that hold the majority of political power may be more politically informed, they are generally bound to unquestioned party ideologies which undermine transformative & informed democracy. However, the alternatives to modern democracy & centralized power are also dangerous: market-oriented politics are bound to recreate & possibly exacerbate the inequality of present power structures, & a return to a consensual form of community government is no longer possible. 11 References. T. Sevier

THE POLITICAL TRIAL IS FREQUENTLY RESORTED TO BY REGIMES seeking to establish or reaffirm their legitimacy. Almost by definition the opposition is the target of such trials for it has questioned or challenged the incumbent regime's right to rule. The trial, when successfully engineered, reveals the opposition as not simply misguided, but as subversive, treasonous, and, in the case of the monarchies, sacrilegious. The condemnation of all or part of the opposition for sins towards God and country emphasizes the objective validity and immutability of the regime's tenets, the components of its charter myth.Such trials have several functions, but three stand out among them. First, one may consider the propagandistic, mass communication function. The trial itself becomes the scene for the definition, re-affirmation, and manipulation of the regime's symbols and credos. Official doctrine is hammered home to the society as a whole, under highly dramatic circumstances inherent in the trial process. The unfolding of the drama often evokes far greater public interest and concern than the routine propaganda efforts of the controlled mass media.

During the 2014 presidential election in Indonesia two diametrically opposed candidates appeared to abide by an informal set of rules whereby neither challenged the other's integrity in public. Privately, however, campaign advisors devised ways to attack their opponents, primarily by using media contacts to spread rumors and allegations. As a result, the 2014 presidential race in the world's third largest democracy was the most negative and polarizing since the fall of Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. The Obor Rakyat media scandal, a major political event in 2014 that remains understudied, represented a new manifestation of rumor politics and smear campaigning aimed at President Jokowi, widely hailed as a novel reformist politician because of his relatively clean record and lack of direct association with the Indonesian political establishment. In particular, the Obor Rakyat reports made three serious allegations against Jokowi: that he is a bad Muslim, that he is a puppet president, and that he is in the pocket of Chinese financiers known as cukong. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

Die vielfältige Nutzung und Anwendung von Medien steht seit geraumer Zeit im Fokus soziologischer und medienwissenschaftlicher Forschungen.
Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte einen Einblick in die Mediennutzung und -anwendungsformen aus einer räumlichen Perspektive geben. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Datenbank Media-Analyse verwendet, die detaillierte Informationen zur Anwendung von Internet, Radio, Fernsehen und Tageszeitungen sowie soziodemographische Daten liefert.
Disparitäten in den Zugänglichkeiten zu neuen Medien (insbesondere Internet) zwischen städtisch und ländlich strukturierten Räumen sind weiterhin vorhanden, auch wenn in den vergangenen Jahren teilweise Konvergenzen festgestellt werden konnten. Allerdings können auch neue Trennlinien in Formen und Umgebung der Medienanwendung festgestellt werden.
So weisen ländliche Räume vergleichsweise hohe Abonnentenquoten bei Tageszeitungen auf, die u.a. mit fehlenden Alternativen im Medienangebot
erklärt werden können. Aber auch das Leseinteresse an regionalen Nachrichten ist bei Bewohnern ländlich geprägter Räume signifikant höher als bei Abonnenten in städtischen Räumen.

IN RECENT YEARS MUCH ATTENTIONHAS BEEN FOCUSD BOTH IN THE POPULAR MEDIA AND AMONG POLITICAL SCIENTISTS ON THE GROWING SCOPE OF PRESIDENTIAL POER. EXAMINES RECENT ANALYSES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONCLUDES THAT THERE IS FAIRLY WIDESPREAD AGREEMENT THAT THIS WIDESPREAD GROWTH IN PRESIDENTIAL POWER IS NOT INEVITABLE NOR IS IT DESIRABLE FOR THE FUNCITIONING OF DEMOCRACY.

Decision-making by elected executives on disaster policy reflects comprehensive vulnerability management, political responsiveness to the media, political negotiation, and intergovernmental conflict. If vulnerability reduction is a significant influence, executive decisions should reflect political and social vulnerability and self-sufficiency. If political responsiveness influences disaster decisions, executive decisions should also reflect media coverage, proximity to elections, and decisions at other levels of government. The data set included 293 major disaster requests between 1974 and 1981. The analysis used multiple regression and logistic regression. Vulnerability reduction had an impact on aid decisions. Political responsiveness affected most decisions on disaster relief. The Ford administration was more sensitive to both responsiveness and vulnerability than the Carter administration. Overall, nationalization of disaster assistance has made the achievement of vulnerability management more difficult. The absence of minimum criteria has increased the discretion of executive choice.

The dull and harsh lives of the inhabitants of late medieval towns found a vent in some celebrations like Carnival and other burlesque festivals which ran counter to the oppressive norm and fostered a liberating view on life. Laughter, persecuted In this little-fun-inducing atmosphere, always found shelter in celebrations where the popular classes participated. The councils contributed financially to the splendor of the in exchange for a greater control over the participants. Social communication between the different urban groups increased as a result of the mass participation in the festivities. ; La fiesta urbana en la Edad Media significaba un paréntesis, en medio de una existencia vulgar sin imágenes amables. La celebración del Carnaval y otros espectáculos burlescos resultaron contrarios a la norma opresiva, porque daban lugar a una interpretación libre de la vida que se entendía como fuente de emancipación. En unos ámbitos poco propicios a la diversión, la risa fue muy perseguida, pero siempre encontró el refugio en las celebraciones donde participaban las clases populares. Los concejos colaboraron económicamente para aumentar el esplendor de las solemnidades aunque a costa de obtener mayor control sobre los participantes. La comunicación social se potenció entre los diferentes grupos urbanos, como efecto de la masiva participación comunitaria en las festividades.

From campaigning for politicians, to speaking out on political issues, to running for public office, celebrities around the world have long played an active role in politics. Their presence in the public sphere often helps them make this leap, but is the fact that we recognize their names and faces enough to make them trustworthy political figures? The diverse viewpoints in this volume explore what role celebrities should play in politics, discuss the phenomenon of making the transition from celebrity to politician, and investigate the place of contemporary media culture in this pattern.

Aims: This study aims to determine the Indonesian Government's mitigation efforts in dealing with climate change, especially in the marine and fisheries sector.
Study Design: Literature study model.
Place and Duration of Study: Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2020-2021.
Methodology: This study method utilized a qualitative approach with a literature study model. Sixty scientific national and international journals, online mass media, and legislations were collected. Data sources were used to explain the mitigation policy analysis of climate change in the marine and fisheries sector. The study stages started from article searching, theme classification, literature mapping based on discussions of various scientific journals, books, and online mass media with different orientations, data analysis, interpretation, and data presentation.
Results: The results of the study reveal that the impact of climate change on the marine and fisheries sector is very significant so that the Indonesian government establishes various policies, undertakes mitigation efforts to strengthen its identity as a maritime country, eradicates illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fishing, imposes a moratorium on ex-foreign ships, accelerates the growth of national economy, enhance food sovereignty and promote the development of maritime and marine economies. However, there are still problems in implementing policies, so it is necessary to improve the management system for climate change countermeasures in the marine and fisheries sector in Indonesia.
Conclusion: Mitigation strategies in the marine and fisheries sector in Indonesia that can be implemented include applying sustainable aquaculture management practices suitable for carrying capacity and developing an integrated cultivation system. Various climate change mitigation policies in the marine and fisheries sector of the Government of Indonesia are commendable given many recognized successes, but there are still many problems with policy implementation. Ineffective application of policies is due to the government's focus on tackling climate change based on forestry and energy sectors, weak application of laws, and other problems. There is still a need for improvement in the management system for climate change countermeasures in Indonesia's marine and fisheries sector.

Abstract In Argentina, since August 2013, a metaphorical use of the word grieta has been circulating to designate an alleged process of political, social and ideological polarization. Brought into public circulation by political journalism, the word found means for reproduction and amplification (Fairclough, 2003) in those discursive practices. In this work we trace it´s presence in two mass media with opposite ideological orientations (Borrat 1989), we describe it´s meanings and contexts of appearance while at the same time, we seek to explain the genesis for it´s metaphorical use (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), it´s discursive operating (Hart 2014) and the consequences that it has regarding the ways of representing the social and the political. Keywords: Mass media discourse. Ideological variation. Discursive metaphor. Polarization. ; En Argentina, desde agosto de 2013 circula un uso metafórico de la forma grieta para designar un supuesto proceso de polarización política, social e ideológica. Puesta en circulación desde el periodismo político, encontró en sus prácticas discursivas un medio de reproducción y amplificación (Fairclough, 2003). En este trabajo rastreamos su presencia en dos medios de orientaciones ideológicas opuestas (Borrat, 1989), describimos sus sentidos y contextos de aparición a la vez que buscamos explicar la génesis de esta metáfora (Lakoff y Johnson, 1980), su funcionamiento discursivo (Hart 2014) y las consecuencias que su uso tiene respecto de los modos de representar lo social y lo político. Palabras clave: Discurso periodístico. Variación ideológica. Metáfora discursiva. Polarización ; Resumo Na Argentina, desde agosto de 2013, circula um uso metafórico da forma grieta para designar um suposto processo de polarização política, social e ideológica. Colocado em circulação a partir do jornalismo político, ele encontrou em suas práticas discursivas um meio de reprodução e amplificação (Fairclough 2003). Neste trabalho, traçamos sua presença em duas mídias de orientações ideológicas opostas (Borrat 1989), descrevemos seus significados e contextos de aparência enquanto procuramos explicar a gênese dessa metáfora (Lakoff e Johnson 1980), seu funcionamento discursivo (Hart 2014) e as consequências que seu uso tem sobre as formas de representar o social e o político. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Discurso jornalístico. Variação ideológica. Metáfora discursiva. Polarização.