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Since the Second World War, a right to nationality -- though difficult to define and rarely enforced -- has emerged under international law. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses the situation of Israeli Arab citizens, addressing Arab sociodemographic & -economic characteristics; Arab demands for full equality, which some see as a challenge to Israel as a Jewish state; & the issue of whether Israel can be a Jewish & democratic state. Adapted from the source document.

Citizens of a democracy have a two-fold task: Giving their representatives a mandate and holding those representatives accountable. Evidence is strong that voters greet such promises with a mix of hope and skepticism. The project described is aimed at adding to the body of knowledge on the subject of accountability in modern representative democracies. The project, which has drawn the support of the Comparative Party Pledges Group research network, has significance in ongoing normative discussions concerning representative democracy as well as empirical research in the field. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis paper argues that research on city‐regions could benefit from more sustained and critical attention to the question of democracy. That is, it should examine more closely how decisions in city‐regions are made, why they are made that way, and how they can be made more democratically. Much current research on politics in cities has framed the issue in terms of citizenship. That work has produced great insight. However, the attention to citizenship has prompted very little attention to democracy, even though the two concepts are deeply intertwined. Current interest in city‐regions opens up the possibility that a vibrant line of research on democracy can be added to and engage with that on citizenship.