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Zola-pastiches are a sign of reception of Zola's literary works. More than a centuryafter his death, his style is still targeted by the authors of this type of rewriting. Our researchposes the problem of mimetic or differential appropriation of Zola-pastiches posterior to hisdeath. How the author of Les Rougon-Macquart is imitated in these pastiches is our mainresearch question. A pastiche is a writing that implies a textual repeat characterized by theexistence of two types of texts: the hypertext (derived text) and the hypotext (source text). Acomparative approach linked to the theories of intertextuality and hypertextuality has enabledus to discover that the imitators of Zola draw inspiration from his writings and also from thewritings of other authors. They thus produce pastiches with single, double or multiplehypotexts. The distinction between Zola-pastiches is also based on their internal (literary) orexternal (political, advertising) aim. The authors of pastiches with external aims documentthe social facts of their era just like Zola did in his novels. Some authors show a literaryengagement by attacking political leaders but indirectly. In addition to their aims, theirrepresentation of Zola's style diversifies their writings. Each writer conforms to someimitation rules which are generally related to the principles of similarities and differences.Some pastiches are therefore move creative and/or more representative of Zola's style thanothers. The study of the imitative ways of pastiches' writers implies a reflection on theconcept of style whose definitions seem unclear. These writers no longer focus only onZola's thematic which has been highly criticized during his life time and even after his death.They blend themes and stylistic devices, thus acknowledging the poetic quality of the literaryworks of the naturalism founder. The Zola-pastiches written during the 20th and at thebeginning of the 21st centuries therefore appear to be a critical analysis of these works as wellas the criticism of the partial or one-sided criticism that preceded the renewed interest in thereading of the author of Medan's texts. The imbrication of stylistic devices and themesborrowed from Zola and adapted to new contexts shows that the literary style convokes theidiosyncratic and sociologic dimensions of an author's specific way of writing, given that,style is not an abstract phenomenon but a series of formal and thematic choices which arehistorically located and whose imitation is highly determined by representations. ; Les pastiches-Zola constituent un signe de réception de l'œuvre zolienne. Le style de l'auteur des Rougon-Macquart est toujours ciblé plus d'un siècle après sa mort par les auteurs de ce type de réécriture. Notre travail de recherche pose le problème de l'appropriation mimétique et/ou différentielle des pastiches-Zola postérieurs à sa mort. La question centrale à traiter est celle de savoir comment Zola est imité dans ces pastiches. Le pastiche implique le phénomène de reprise textuelle qui est caractérisé par l'existence de deux types de textes : l'hypertexte (texte dérivé) et l'hypotexte (texte imité). Une approche comparative associée aux théories de l'intertextualité et de l'hypertextualité nous a permis de découvrir que les pasticheurs de Zola s'inspirent de ses romans et des œuvres d'autres auteurs célèbres. Ils produisent ainsi des pastiches à hypotexte simple, double ou multiple. Les pastiches-Zola se distinguent aussi par leur visée interne (littéraire) ou externe (politique, publicitaire). Les pastiches à visées externes montrent que leurs auteurs documentent les faits sociaux de leur époque comme le faisait Zola. Certains pasticheurs font preuve d'engagement (littéraire) en s'attaquant, mais de manière indirecte, aux personnalités politiques de leur époque. En plus de leurs intentions, leur représentation du style de Zola diversifie leurs productions écrites. Chaque pasticheur obéit à certaines règles d'imitation liées de manière générale aux principes de ressemblance et de différence. Certains pastiches sont ainsi plus inventifs et/ou plus représentatifs du style zolien que d'autres. L'étude des manières imitantes des pasticheurs permet de mener une réflexion sur la notion du style dont les définitions paraissent floues. Les pasticheurs ne s'attardent plus seulement sur la thématique zolienne qui a été très critiquée de son vivant et même après sa mort. Ils allient les thèmes aux procédés stylistiques et expriment, de ce fait, une reconnaissance des qualités poétiques de l'œuvre du chef de file du naturalisme. Les pastiches-Zola produits au XXe et à l'aube du XXIe siècles apparaissent donc, non seulement comme une analyse critique de cette œuvre, mais aussi comme une critique des critiques partielles ou partiales qui ont précédé le renouvellement de la lecture des textes de l'auteur de Médan. L'imbrication des procédés stylistiques et des thèmes zoliens repris et adaptés aux contextes des pasticheurs montre que le style littéraire convoque à la fois les dimensions idiosyncrasiques et sociologiques des façons d'écrire propres à un écrivain, le style n'étant pas un phénomène abstrait mais une série de choix formels et thématiques historiquement situés et dont l'imitation est grandement déterminée par des représentations.

Over the past 7 decades, gendered software has become globally established. In this theoretical distribution, I outline the evolution of gendered software. The journey of gendered software started with the raw idea fueled by Alan Turing's imitation game in the 1950s. And only shortly thereafter, in the 1960s and 1970s, the first gendered software products like Joseph Weizenbaum's ELIZA were developed. Thus, academia took its time to not only explore technological aspects, but to further investigate the matter of gender in the 1990s CASA-paradigm (Nass et al., 1994) and Media Equation (Reeves & Nass, 1996). As these theories reasoned the social impact of gendered software, voice assistants of the 2010s provided to be real-world examples stirring criticism. By posing the question of "boy or girl" through the decades, I take a deeper look at aspects such as raison d'être, realization, consequences, and future possibilities that ultimately challenge the applied gender binary. In doing so, it becomes evident that gendered software is situated in the bigger context of gender inequalities. Therefore, I propose to consider the listing of (1) product name, (2) voice, and (3) personality traits as decisive features forming to be powerful tools in the process of gendering software.

In Engendering the Republic of Letters Susan Dalton analyses the lives of four of the most famous salon women in France and the Venetian republic in the late eighteenth-century - Julie de Lespinasse, Marie-Jeanne Roland, Giustina Renier Michiel, and Elisabetta Mosconi Contarini all lived through the events that transformed Western culture, including the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars.