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"Melissa Willard-Foster explores the question of why stronger nations overthrow governments when they could attain their aims at the bargaining table. She identifies a central cause--the targeted leader's domestic political vulnerabilty--that not only gives the leader motive to resist a strong nation's demands, making a bargain more difficult to attain, but also gives the stronger naiton reason to believe that regime change will be comparatively cheap. As long as the targeted leader's domestic opposition is willing to collaborate with the foreign power, the latter is likely to conclude that ousting the leader is more cost effective than negotiation. Willard-Foster analyzes 133 instances of regime change, ranging from covert operations to major military invasion, spanning over two hundred years. She also conducts three in-depth case studies that support her contention that domestically and militarily weak leaders appear more costly to coerce than overthrow and that, as long as they remain ubiquitous, foreign-imposed regime change is likely to endure"--Publisher's description

"This paper investigates the extent to which strategic objectives of the U.S. government influenced news coverage during the Cold War. We establish two relationships: 1) strategic objectives of the U.S. government cause the State Department to under-report human rights violations of strategic allies; and 2) these objectives reduce news coverage of human rights abuses for strategic allies in six U.S. national newspapers. To establish causality, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in a country's strategic value to the U.S. from the interaction of its political alliance to the U.S. and membership on the United Nations Security Council. In addition to the main results, we are able to provide qualitative evidence and indirect quantitative evidence to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the reduced form effects"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

A founder in 1830 of the National Colonization Society, Charles Tennant (1796–1873) advocated government support for emigration to Britain's colonies as a means of alleviating poverty at home and boosting the workforce overseas. Briefly representing St Albans in Parliament, he later wrote treatises on contemporary political and financial questions, notably arguing for the abolition of income tax in The People's Blue Book (1857). Also published anonymously, the present work, which appeared in 1864, offers a critique of John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism (1863). Tennant argues that happiness does not consist in utility, but rather in conformity to divine will as described by the Christian faith. Nevertheless, Tennant says, we ought to promote utility, as this is likely to be conducive to happiness. He then applies this view in detail to contemporary problems of government, domestic policy, taxation, colonies, dependencies, and foreign policy

As in many other countries, in Pakistan too, the government
provides a number of social goods and services. For this purpose, the
government has to spend huge amounts of money every year. Federal
government expenditures in real terms have grown at an annual average
rate of 8.84 percent during the past fifteen years. Also, the share of
the federal government expenditures in GNP has increased from 20.93
percent in 1971-72 to 25.19 percent in 1985-86. The main component of
the federal government expenditures is of the recurrent type and is
devoted to defence, civil administration, debt servicing, health,
education, roads, and other such services. At present, the level of
social goods and services provided by the government is not considered
satisfactory. Moreover, public demand for them is on the increase due to
an increasing population growth rate and rising standards of living in
the country. The government needs resources to meet the public demands
for its goods and services and to fulfill the development requirements
of the country. For this purpose, the government generates revenue
through various taxes and tapping other revenue sources. It is important
that these taxes and other revenue sources yield a stable revenue over
time. If there are large year to year fluctuations in revenue, it
becomes very difficult for the government to meet its inflexible
obligations and to implement development plans. Stability of revenues,
therefore, becomes very important for fiscal management and development
planning.

Renewed interest in fiscal policy has increased the use of quantitative models to evaluate policy. Because of modeling uncertainty, it is essential that policy evaluations be robust to alternative assumptions. We find that models currently being used in practice to evaluate fiscal policy stimulus proposals are not robust. Government spending multipliers in an alternative empirically-estimated and widely-cited new Keynesian model are much smaller than in these old Keynesian models; the estimated stimulus is extremely small with GDP and employment effects only one-sixth as large.

"Vice-chancellors have a responsibility to get down and say that we're prepared to reform the sector in the following sensible and constructive ways … rather than going back in a traditional way and saying, 'Give us more money and leave us alone'. We will get nothing simply by asking for more money."The Australian Labor Party went to the 2007 election promising a new era of cooperative federalism that would end the 'blame game' between federal and state governments and re-energise reform and productivity agendas. On the evidence of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) meeting on 26 March 2008, these agendas are advancing rapidly. The communiqué foreshadowed a raft of new commonwealth-state agreements, streamlined arrangements for special purpose grants and, perhaps most significantly, performance criteria for payment of at least some of those grants.2

AbstractThis study analyzes the implications of government‐contract funding on the staffing pattern of a nonprofit agency, the Canadian Red Cross, Toronto Region. Furthermore, the study explains the implications of the staffing pattern on services and on the agency's organization. Staffing is one area that the literature on nonprofit organizations has not adequately addressed.The findings indicate that contract‐based funding leads to the hiring of temporary staff and affects the retention of employees. Although contract funding has some benefits, temporary staffing is detrimental to the agency's services. It affects not only employee recruitment and retention but also training. The results highlight how change in government funding from grants to contracts resulted in the agency's new staffing strategy and ultimately reduced the effectiveness of the services the agency provided to the community.

Different members of coalition governments typically have responsibility for different aspects, or dimensions, of policy. Such responsibilities are allocated as portfolios to government members. Given a distribution of such portfolios, final government policy is derived as the accumulation of individual members' decisions in regard to their respective responsibilities. We develop a portfolio allocation model of government formation and policy decision in multiparty legislatures. In particular, we focus on stable portfolio allocations, where a stable allocation is one that yields a policy that no legislative coalition is willing or able to overturn. Several notions of stability are considered and related to the usual concept of the core. Among the results are that although stable allocations are not guaranteed, such allocations can exist with minority governments; and that final policy outcomes associated with stable governments need not be "centrist."

The budgetary squeeze of the 1990s has made it obvious that the government cannot address every possible environmental problem. Comparative risk assessment (CRA) is increasingly advanced as the means for setting realistic priorities. RFF's Center for Risk Management commissioned background papers from leading experts on CRA for a meeting with federal regulatory officials. Comparing Environmental Risks presents the revised papers of this workshop. Representing the state of the art on programmatic CRA, its methodological analyses and practical recommendations will be invaluable to government off

"Comparing cases in Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland, Restrained Radicals explains the different approaches to local government taken by populist radical right parties, the extent of their radicalism and their impact from positions of power as they integrate into the democratic system"--

At the mid-point of Labor's three-year term, the international strategy and statecraft of the new government is more fully formed than its domestic identity. Global turmoil—the polycrisis—has quickly tested and tempered the government's world view. Whatever ...