Search results

International audience ; Until recently, Côte d'Ivoire mostly appeared as marginal and subaltern on West Africa's Islamic scene. This was due in part to Islam's minority status -- no longer a demographic but still a political reality -- and the lack of visibility of Sufi orders. By contrast, since the 1990s Ivorian Muslim society and its distinctive "reformist" religious culture, represented by a "modern" élite in Abidjan, are becoming increasingly influential in the subregion and beyond. This article explores the socioeconomic, political, and cultural processes behind this transformation as well as the shifting interface between the local and global in Ivoirian Islam. Specific attention is devoted to international migration to Côte d'Ivoire, as the many and mostly Muslim West African immigrants have sometimes played a role of cultural translators in the transmission of Ivorian reformist ideas and modes of community organizations abroad. Out-migration of Ivorian Muslims to the West and particularly to the United States is also considered. The article further explores why the Ivoirian reformist élite first sought to interact with international Islamic organizations based outside the Arab world and Iran and how exchanges of ideas with Muslims based in the West shaped its development in deeply original ways. These movements of people and ideas have contributed to the local dynamism of Ivoirian Islam and its growing transnational influence in French-speaking West Africa and the African Muslim Diaspora in the United States. The conclusion situates this globalization of Ivorian Islam in historical perspective. ; La Côte d'Ivoire a longtemps fait figure de pays marginal et d'importance secondaire sur la scène islamique ouest-africaine, du fait notamment du statut minoritaire de l'Islam -- une réalité qui se situe désormais moins au plan démographique qu'au plan politique - - et de la discrétion des ordres soufis. De manière contrastée, depuis les années 1990, la société musulmane ivoirienne et sa ...

Forensic examination as an object of administrative and legal regulation of international cooperation has been studied. The author has analyzed and determined basic categories of the article: "examination", "forensic examination", "administrative and legal regulation", "international cooperation". The legal regulation of forensic examinations and forensic activities in Ukraine has been determined. It has been proved that forensic examination as an object of administrative and legal regulation of international cooperation is an organizational and legal activity of specialized entities (state specialized institutions, their territorial branches, expert institutions of municipal ownership, as well as forensic experts who are not employees of the mentioned institutions, and other specialists (experts) in the relevant fields of knowledge) to conduct relevant examinations (forensic examinations), which are carried out on the basis of special knowledge. It has been substantiated that the object of administrative and legal regulation of international cooperation of forensic examinations is forensic activity of forensic experts on their implementation of forensic examinations, including in the field of international cooperation, which is based on special knowledge and is aimed at obtaining a special opinion. It has been found out that the limits of forensic examination as an object of administrative and legal regulation of international cooperation are as follows: 1) the right of a forensic expert to conduct forensic examinations on the basis of national and international law; 2) provision of proper legal, organizational, financial and logistical support of forensic activities of its subjects (including the conduct of examinations of international importance); 3) ensuring international and legal (expert) cooperation during forensic examinations, etc. The importance of international and legal documents regulating the issues of international cooperation of forensic activity has been emphasized. ; Исследована судебная экспертиза как объект административно-правового регулирования международного сотрудничества. Проанализированы и определены такие базовые категории статьи, как «экспертиза», «судебная экспертиза», «административно-правовое регулирование», «международное сотрудничество». Охарактеризовано правовое регулирование осуществления судебных экспертиз и судебно-экспертной деятельности в Украине. Подчеркнут смысл международно-правовых документов, регламентирующих вопросы международного сотрудничества в судебно-экспертной деятельности. ; Досліджено судову експертизу як об'єкт адміністративно-правового регулювання міжнародного співробітництва. Проаналізовано та визначено такі базові категорії статті, як «експертиза», «судова експертиза», «адміністративно-правове регулювання», «міжнародне співробітництво». Охарактеризовано правове регулювання здійснення судових експертиз і судово-експертної діяльності в Україні. Підкреслено значення міжнародно-правових документів, які регламентують питання міжнародного співробітництва в судово-експертній діяльності.

Die internationale Staatengemeinschaft hat sich nach dem Ende der jugoslawischen Staatszerfallskriege zum Ziel gesetzt, die Region mit einem Set an Maßnahmen und institutionellen Kooperationen weitgehend in die breitere europäische Sicherheitsstruktur zu integrieren. In den letzten Jahren hat sich diese Konstellation verändert. Die führende Rolle der EU wurde zunehmend von anderen internationalen Akteuren in Frage gestellt und herausgefordert. Heute ist der Balkan wieder eine geopolitisch und sicherheitstechnisch umkämpfte Zone, in der sich auf der einen Seite die EU, die USA und die NATO und auf der anderen Seite Russland bzw. China gegenüberstehen und um Einfluss kämpfen. Angesichts dieser Verschiebungen widmet sich die vorliegende Kurzanalyse der Frage, welche strukturellen Faktoren Anfang des Jahres 2019 die Sicherheits- und Stabilitätslandschaft auf dem Balkan prägen und vor welchen neuen Herausforderungen angesichts dessen die zentralen Sicherheitsprovider, die EU und vor allem die NATO, in der Region stehen. Die Analyse geht auch der Frage nach, ob sich durch die diskutierten strukturellen Verschiebungen die Rolle Österreichs und der österreichischen Auslandseinsätze in der Region mitverändert.

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2020. 8. 신성호. ; Contemporary global nuclear non-proliferation regime suffers from internal and external challenges where the regional and political fragmentation of the member states deteriorates the effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of middle powers in the non-proliferation regime through the case study of South Korea, then suggest pertinent policy measures to advance the middle power capacity and contribution to strengthening the regime. To this end, this paper first examines the theories relevant to the concept and adopts the three-level role theory model for the analysis. The following chapter delves into the history and structure of the non-proliferation regime, before analyzing the key issues of the contemporary landscape and the resolvable potential of middle powers against these challenges. Subsequently, this thesis analyzes South Korea as a nuclear middle power based on the established framework and its three criteria to verify South Korea's status as a nuclear middle power and evaluate its performance within the domain of international nuclear non-proliferation. This paper concludes with policy recommendations to consolidate South Korea's nuclear middle power status and bolster its capacity to contribute in strengthening the non-proliferation regime. ; 최근의 국제 핵비확산 레짐은 회원국들의 정치적, 지역적 분열로 인해 대내외적으로 적지 않은 문제점을 보이고 있다. 본 논문의 주요 목적은 현대 국제 핵비확산 레짐의 주요 문제들과 한국의 사례 분석을 통해 레짐 내 중견국의 역할에 대해 연구하는 것이다. 또한, 이를 토대로 국제 핵비확산 레짐 강화와 중견국으로서의 역량을 증진 시킬 수 있는 정책 제언을 모색하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 논문은 가장 적합한 분석 모델 채택을 위한 중견국 이론과 역할론에 대한 이론적 논의를 행하였다. 이러한 논의를 참조하여, 'good international citizen, supporter of multilateralism, supporter of international nuclear order' 라는 세가지 축을 중심으로 한 three-level 분석 틀을 설정하였다. 이어서 국제 핵비확산 레짐의 역사적 형성 과정과 핵비확산 전략 및 구조, 그리고 레짐 내 최근 문제점들에 대한 중견국의 역할에 대하여 분석하였다. 다음 장에서는, 앞에서 설정된 분석 틀에 입각하여 원자력 중견국으로서의 한국의 역량 평가와 기여 성과에 대해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 본 논문은 사례 분석의 결과를 토대로 한국이 원자력 중견국으로서의 위상과 역량을 강화하고, 나아가 국제 핵비확산 레짐 강화에 더 효율적으로 기여할 수 있는 정책 방안들을 제시하였다. ; CHAPTER I. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background . 1 1.2 Research Purpose and Research Questions 6 CHAPTER II. Literature Review and Methodology 8 2.1 Discourse on Middle Power . 8 a. Historic origin and Traditional Concept of Middle Power . 8 b. Development of Literature and Middle Power Models 9 c. Debates on the Definition and Importance of Middle Power Studies 10 2.2 Literatures on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Middle Powers 13 2.3 Limitations of Precedent Studies 16 2.4 IR Theory Approaches to Middle Power Conceptualization . 17 a. Framework for Middle Power's Role Analysis 21 2.5 Research Method 23 2.6 Rationale for South Korea as Middle Power Case Study . 25 CHAPTER III. State of Art: Global Non-Proliferation Regime and Underlying Issues 27 3.1 Overview of Global Non-Proliferation Regime and Strategy: Historic Perspective . 27 3.2 Core Pillars and Structure of the Regime: Roles and Responsibilities 32 a. Measures Responsible for Preventing Horizontal Proliferation . 34 b. Measures Responsible for Preventing Vertical Proliferation . 39 c. Additional Instruments of the Non-Proliferation Regime 42 3.3 Contemporary Challenges in Global Nuclear Landscape 45 a. Issue of Priority: Nuclear Haves' Disarmament vs. Nuclear Have-Nots' Non-Proliferation 46 b. Geostrategic and Politicized Competition in Civil Nuclear Market: Race-to-Bottom 55 i. Background of Civil Nuclear Market's Development. 56 ii. Market Trend 1. Changing Dynamics of Supply 59 iii. Market Trend 2. Shifting Regional Concentration of Newcomers 62 iv. Market Trend 3. 'One-stop-shop' and Tendency to Unitize Supply Chains. 64 v. Implications: Race-to-bottom 65 CHAPTER IV. An Analysis of South Korea as a Middle Power in the International Non-Proliferation Regime 70 4.1 South Korea as a Good International Citizen . 70 a. Contribution for Cooperation and Promotion of Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy . 71 b. Records of Commitment for Nuclear Non-Proliferation 75 4.2 South Korea as a Supporter of Multilateralism 81 a. Management of North Korea Nuclear Crisis : 1980 - 2018 82 4.3 South Korea as a Supporter of Global Nuclear Order a. South Korea's Stance on Key Treaties and Non-Proliferation Principles 87 b. Compliance to International Norms: Legislation and Export Controls System 91 4.4 Assessment and Limitations . 96 CHAPTER V. Policy Measures to advance South Korea's Nuclear Middle Powermanship 99 5.1 Policy Recommendations to Advance Nuclear Middle-Powermanship 99 a. Ensuring commitment and enhancing national credibility for global nonproliferation 99 b. Fostering stronger domestic non-proliferation culture . 102 c. Expanding political agenda for global and regional nuclear cooperation 103 d. Sustaining nuclear export competency and streamlining nuclear policy 104 CHAPTER VI. Conclusion 106 6.1 Conclusion 106 6.2 Future Avenues of Research 109 Bibliography 111 ; Master

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제협력전공), 2020. 8. 신성호. ; Contemporary global nuclear non-proliferation regime suffers from internal and external challenges where the regional and political fragmentation of the member states deteriorates the effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of middle powers in the non-proliferation regime through the case study of South Korea, then suggest pertinent policy measures to advance the middle power capacity and contribution to strengthening the regime. To this end, this paper first examines the theories relevant to the concept and adopts the three-level role theory model for the analysis. The following chapter delves into the history and structure of the non-proliferation regime, before analyzing the key issues of the contemporary landscape and the resolvable potential of middle powers against these challenges. Subsequently, this thesis analyzes South Korea as a nuclear middle power based on the established framework and its three criteria to verify South Korea's status as a nuclear middle power and evaluate its performance within the domain of international nuclear non-proliferation. This paper concludes with policy recommendations to consolidate South Korea's nuclear middle power status and bolster its capacity to contribute in strengthening the non-proliferation regime. ; 최근의 국제 핵비확산 레짐은 회원국들의 정치적, 지역적 분열로 인해 대내외적으로 적지 않은 문제점을 보이고 있다. 본 논문의 주요 목적은 현대 국제 핵비확산 레짐의 주요 문제들과 한국의 사례 분석을 통해 레짐 내 중견국의 역할에 대해 연구하는 것이다. 또한, 이를 토대로 국제 핵비확산 레짐 강화와 중견국으로서의 역량을 증진 시킬 수 있는 정책 제언을 모색하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 논문은 가장 적합한 분석 모델 채택을 위한 중견국 이론과 역할론에 대한 이론적 논의를 행하였다. 이러한 논의를 참조하여, 'good international citizen, supporter of multilateralism, supporter of international nuclear order' 라는 세가지 축을 중심으로 한 three-level 분석 틀을 설정하였다. 이어서 국제 핵비확산 레짐의 역사적 형성 과정과 핵비확산 전략 및 구조, 그리고 레짐 내 최근 문제점들에 대한 중견국의 역할에 대하여 분석하였다. 다음 장에서는, 앞에서 설정된 분석 틀에 입각하여 원자력 중견국으로서의 한국의 역량 평가와 기여 성과에 대해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 본 논문은 사례 분석의 결과를 토대로 한국이 원자력 중견국으로서의 위상과 역량을 강화하고, 나아가 국제 핵비확산 레짐 강화에 더 효율적으로 기여할 수 있는 정책 방안들을 제시하였다. ; CHAPTER I. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background . 1 1.2 Research Purpose and Research Questions 6 CHAPTER II. Literature Review and Methodology 8 2.1 Discourse on Middle Power . 8 a. Historic origin and Traditional Concept of Middle Power . 8 b. Development of Literature and Middle Power Models 9 c. Debates on the Definition and Importance of Middle Power Studies 10 2.2 Literatures on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Middle Powers 13 2.3 Limitations of Precedent Studies 16 2.4 IR Theory Approaches to Middle Power Conceptualization . 17 a. Framework for Middle Power's Role Analysis 21 2.5 Research Method 23 2.6 Rationale for South Korea as Middle Power Case Study . 25 CHAPTER III. State of Art: Global Non-Proliferation Regime and Underlying Issues 27 3.1 Overview of Global Non-Proliferation Regime and Strategy: Historic Perspective . 27 3.2 Core Pillars and Structure of the Regime: Roles and Responsibilities 32 a. Measures Responsible for Preventing Horizontal Proliferation . 34 b. Measures Responsible for Preventing Vertical Proliferation . 39 c. Additional Instruments of the Non-Proliferation Regime 42 3.3 Contemporary Challenges in Global Nuclear Landscape 45 a. Issue of Priority: Nuclear Haves' Disarmament vs. Nuclear Have-Nots' Non-Proliferation 46 b. Geostrategic and Politicized Competition in Civil Nuclear Market: Race-to-Bottom 55 i. Background of Civil Nuclear Market's Development. 56 ii. Market Trend 1. Changing Dynamics of Supply 59 iii. Market Trend 2. Shifting Regional Concentration of Newcomers 62 iv. Market Trend 3. 'One-stop-shop' and Tendency to Unitize Supply Chains. 64 v. Implications: Race-to-bottom 65 CHAPTER IV. An Analysis of South Korea as a Middle Power in the International Non-Proliferation Regime 70 4.1 South Korea as a Good International Citizen . 70 a. Contribution for Cooperation and Promotion of Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy . 71 b. Records of Commitment for Nuclear Non-Proliferation 75 4.2 South Korea as a Supporter of Multilateralism 81 a. Management of North Korea Nuclear Crisis : 1980 - 2018 82 4.3 South Korea as a Supporter of Global Nuclear Order a. South Korea's Stance on Key Treaties and Non-Proliferation Principles 87 b. Compliance to International Norms: Legislation and Export Controls System 91 4.4 Assessment and Limitations . 96 CHAPTER V. Policy Measures to advance South Korea's Nuclear Middle Powermanship 99 5.1 Policy Recommendations to Advance Nuclear Middle-Powermanship 99 a. Ensuring commitment and enhancing national credibility for global nonproliferation 99 b. Fostering stronger domestic non-proliferation culture . 102 c. Expanding political agenda for global and regional nuclear cooperation 103 d. Sustaining nuclear export competency and streamlining nuclear policy 104 CHAPTER VI. Conclusion 106 6.1 Conclusion 106 6.2 Future Avenues of Research 109 Bibliography 111 ; Master

Academic freedom is a part of international educational law. It is interpreted as the principle on which the activities of leading world universities are built. Academic freedom dates back to the time of the emergence of universities and is closely linked to their autonomy and corporate rights. The University operates in the free influence environment. Its activities are designed to encourage researchers to have their critical and optimistic view of the monolith and unity of knowledge, so that they are aware of the values of human experience from the position of the university, and eventually could participate in people education and upbringing, in the preservation and strengthening of culture, which includes the university too. That is why research on international legal regulation of academic freedoms is relevant.Academic freedom is the provision of certain rights to education workers (faculty members, academics and students of higher education institutions). Means the opportunity for the teacher to teach the subject freely at his own discreption, choose topics and methods for scientific research, and for the student – to receive knowledge according to their inclinations and needs. The provided academic freedom implies the academic responsibility of the educational institution for creating the optimal conditions for the free search of truth.The main study directions of the problem of academic freedoms: philosophical, pedagogical, legal.After analyzing the main international documents in the field of higher education (the Lima Declaration "On Academic Freedom and Autonomy of Higher Educational Institutions", the Great Charter of European Universities (Magna Charta Universitatum), Recommendation on the status of teaching staff of higher education institutions, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the Declaration of Academic Freedom (human rights in scientific activities), The "Ethical Code" of the members of the Fulbright Society of Ukraine, the World Declaration on Higher Education for the XXI Century: Approaches and Practical Measures, the Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, the Convention on the Formation of the Future, the Lisbon Declaration, the Charter of the Universities of Ukraine "Academic Freedoms, Autonomy and education") it was found that autonomy and academic freedom occupy a prominent place in international documents. These concepts are even the title components of many of them. Summarizing the main provisions of these documents, we see that academic freedom is closely linked to the autonomy of a higher educational establishment. Scientific achievements should be used only for the benefit of humanity, and modern information and communication technologies should contribute to the free dissemination of scientific research results. Academic freedoms in higher education are one of the fundamental human rights regulated by important international law documents that ensure its development, transfer of cultural experience to other generations. The main components of academic freedom are freedom of teaching, learning and research (sometimes we encounter freedom of creativity, knowledge dissemination). Academic freedoms are one of the leading principles of effective activity of higher educational establishment. The necessary condition for academic freedoms is the autonomy of a higher educational establishment. ; Розглянуто академічні свободи як один із основних принципів ефективної діяльності вищого навчального закладу. Проаналізовано академічні свободи в контексті основних міжнародних документів у сфері вищої освіти. Доведено, що академічні свободи у вищій школі є одним із основних прав людини, а їхні основні компоненти – свобода викладання, навчання та наукової діяльності (а також свобода творчості та поширення знань).

Academic freedom is a part of international educational law. It is interpreted as the principle on which the activities of leading world universities are built. Academic freedom dates back to the time of the emergence of universities and is closely linked to their autonomy and corporate rights. The University operates in the free influence environment. Its activities are designed to encourage researchers to have their critical and optimistic view of the monolith and unity of knowledge, so that they are aware of the values of human experience from the position of the university, and eventually could participate in people education and upbringing, in the preservation and strengthening of culture, which includes the university too. That is why research on international legal regulation of academic freedoms is relevant.Academic freedom is the provision of certain rights to education workers (faculty members, academics and students of higher education institutions). Means the opportunity for the teacher to teach the subject freely at his own discreption, choose topics and methods for scientific research, and for the student – to receive knowledge according to their inclinations and needs. The provided academic freedom implies the academic responsibility of the educational institution for creating the optimal conditions for the free search of truth.The main study directions of the problem of academic freedoms: philosophical, pedagogical, legal.After analyzing the main international documents in the field of higher education (the Lima Declaration "On Academic Freedom and Autonomy of Higher Educational Institutions", the Great Charter of European Universities (Magna Charta Universitatum), Recommendation on the status of teaching staff of higher education institutions, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the Declaration of Academic Freedom (human rights in scientific activities), The "Ethical Code" of the members of the Fulbright Society of Ukraine, the World Declaration on Higher Education for the XXI Century: Approaches and Practical Measures, the Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, the Convention on the Formation of the Future, the Lisbon Declaration, the Charter of the Universities of Ukraine "Academic Freedoms, Autonomy and education") it was found that autonomy and academic freedom occupy a prominent place in international documents. These concepts are even the title components of many of them. Summarizing the main provisions of these documents, we see that academic freedom is closely linked to the autonomy of a higher educational establishment. Scientific achievements should be used only for the benefit of humanity, and modern information and communication technologies should contribute to the free dissemination of scientific research results. Academic freedoms in higher education are one of the fundamental human rights regulated by important international law documents that ensure its development, transfer of cultural experience to other generations. The main components of academic freedom are freedom of teaching, learning and research (sometimes we encounter freedom of creativity, knowledge dissemination). Academic freedoms are one of the leading principles of effective activity of higher educational establishment. The necessary condition for academic freedoms is the autonomy of a higher educational establishment. ; Розглянуто академічні свободи як один із основних принципів ефективної діяльності вищого навчального закладу. Проаналізовано академічні свободи в контексті основних міжнародних документів у сфері вищої освіти. Доведено, що академічні свободи у вищій школі є одним із основних прав людини, а їхні основні компоненти – свобода викладання, навчання та наукової діяльності (а також свобода творчості та поширення знань).