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Intro -- HEALTH CARE QUALITY: SELECT RESEARCHAND ANALYSES -- HEALTH CARE QUALITY: SELECT RESEARCHAND ANALYSES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 HEALTH CARE QUALITY: ENHANCING PROVIDER ACCOUNTABILITY THROUGH PAYMENT INCENTIVES AND PUBLIC REPORTING -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF QUALITY MEASUREMENT -- PAYMENT INCENTIVES FOR QUALITY -- The Role of Medicare -- Overview of Payment Incentives -- PUBLIC REPORTING OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION -- The Theory Underlying Public Reporting -- Issues with Consumer Use of Performance Information -- The Effectiveness of Public Reporting -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 PHYSICIAN SUPPLY AND THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SIZE OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Measuring the Physician Population -- Determining the Appropriate Size of the Physician Population -- PPACA and the Size of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting the Number of Physicians Trained -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Physician Productivity -- COMPOSITION OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Primary Care Supply and Factors Influencing Primary Care Supply -- PPACA and the Composition of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Primary Care Supply -- Primary Care Content in Physician Training -- Primary Care Physician Payment -- Care Coordination by Primary Care Physicians -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Shortages in Specialties -- GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas/Populations -- Why Geographic Shortages May Exist -- PPACA and the Geographic Distribution of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting the NHSC -- PPACA Provisions Targeting the Diversity of the Physician Workforce -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Rural Practice -- PPACA Provisions Amending HPSA and MUP Designation Criteria

Discussing international issues of health care financing, this is the first volume in a completely new public health book series, edited by the Institute of Health Economics (IHE) in Edmonton, Canada. Starting with various funding methods, the reference also features sections on different health care payment and purchasing mechanisms, as well as equity issues. Of interest to medical and allied health professionals, and those working in health care industries, insurance, and economics.

IntroductionThe development of medicine in the last three decades has brought not only new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, but also new thinking about health in its interdisciplinary understanding. It is also a period in which wide-ranging actions for public health were undertaken through decisions made by politicians, economists and health care representatives. Measures expressed mathematically are used in health measurements, especially those concerning the entire population. There are three groups of measures of the health condition of the population: positive, negative and the so-called synthetic measures of health condition which combine, apart from health measures, many other elements. Aim The aim of the work is to analyze the economics of health care.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsA different approach related to the economic efficiency of access to public goods is the concept of investment in human capital. Grossman developed the theoretical foundations for such an understanding of the choices related to health and its protection in the 1970s. Grossman's theory is treated as a model of human capital. An important element of Grossman's model is the distinction between health treated as a product, i.e. a basic good, which is a source of utility for people, and medical care treated as a factor in the production of health. In Grossman's model, people both demand and produce health. Health is treated as a good produced by humans through various means, such as diet, healthy eating, a healthy lifestyle, and medical care. The efficiency of health production depends on the knowledge and education of the society. Medical care is only one input into health production. According to the presented model, each person at birth has a specific health resource that exhibits capital characteristics. This health is amortized with age, but it can also be increased (accumulated) by investing in it, e.g. by doing sports, eating healthy and also by protecting health. Grossman's model takes into account two important elements. First, health care is only one of the determinants of health. Second, people do not demand health care for its own sake: the utility of health consumption is derived not from health care itself, but from the health improvement it causes. In this perspective, health care is an economic good, it is human capital and if so, health can also be considered capital. They are often regarded as a fundamental good, being one of the real reasons for patients' expectations of healthcare, for which other, mostly tangible, products and services, such as healthcare, are simply methods of obtaining it. ConclusionsThe contemporary concept of health should be perceived on many levels, including not only biomedical and environmental determinants, but also social and professional functions performed by individuals. As a result of such perception, the value of human life should increase by expanding the meaning of health to include the concept of the ability to lead a meaningful, creative and satisfying life. There is an interrelated relationship between the development of the concept of health and the definition of public health and health policies. The evolution of the concept of health, its extension beyond purely biological-medical meaning, has led to the concept of public health and the involvement of governments in health policy. Financial expenses related to the implementation of state burdens in the implementation of health policy currently exceed the capabilities of many governments. "

Under universal health care, all residents of a country would be guaranteed care without incurring financial hardship, regardless of income. Out of the thirty-three countries that are considered developed, thirty-two have universal health care, with the United States being the exception. However, despite the widespread nature of universal health care, its implementation varies between countries. Additionally, despite its positive health impacts, the financial burden it places on governments is a major source of concern. This volume helps readers examine this issue through exploring economic, political, and health considerations, taking all sides of the debate into account.

IntroductionThe development of medicine in the last three decades has brought not only new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, but also new thinking about health in its interdisciplinary understanding. It is also a period in which wide-ranging actions for public health were undertaken through decisions made by politicians, economists and health care representatives. Measures expressed mathematically are used in health measurements, especially those concerning the entire population. There are three groups of measures of the health condition of the population: positive, negative and the so-called synthetic measures of health condition which combine, apart from health measures, many other elements. Aim The aim of the work is to analyze the economics of health care.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsA different approach related to the economic efficiency of access to public goods is the concept of investment in human capital. Grossman developed the theoretical foundations for such an understanding of the choices related to health and its protection in the 1970s. Grossman's theory is treated as a model of human capital. An important element of Grossman's model is the distinction between health treated as a product, i.e. a basic good, which is a source of utility for people, and medical care treated as a factor in the production of health. In Grossman's model, people both demand and produce health. Health is treated as a good produced by humans through various means, such as diet, healthy eating, a healthy lifestyle, and medical care. The efficiency of health production depends on the knowledge and education of the society. Medical care is only one input into health production. According to the presented model, each person at birth has a specific health resource that exhibits capital characteristics. This health is amortized with age, but it can also be increased (accumulated) by investing in it, e.g. by doing sports, eating healthy and also by protecting health. ...