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Representative litigation by associations, has a long history. A general class action was introduced as part of comprehensive review of civil procedure in the Dispute Act of 2005, in force from 2008, again giving standing to class members and relevant public and private associations. This is an opt-in procedure but the court may order an opt-out approach. Costs considerations may restrict activity to interest organizations and public bodies. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Status of religious communities -- Relations between the state and Islam -- State support for Islamic religious communities -- Muslims in integration law -- Mosques and prayer houses -- Burials and cemeteries -- Education -- Further and higher (tertiary) education -- Islamic chaplaincy in public institutions -- Employment and social law -- Islamic slaughter and food regulation -- Islamic goods and services -- Islamic dress -- Criminal law -- Family law

An brief overview of 2003 Norwegian political developments begins with a summary of local & provincial elections, which saw the application of a new electoral law. The electoral reforms are described. The Iraq war & European Union enlargement were international issues with domestic impact. Notable events in domestic politics are then touched on. 1 Table, 12 References. J. Zendejas

This study of the education system of Norway is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The study begins with the historical and socio-cultural background of the Norwegian educational system which is followed by the description of the organizational and administrative context of the current education system. The next step is the functioning of the current education system, beginning with a structural overview and followed by an analysis of the different levels of the education system, including, as a separate chapter, post-secondary and tertiary education. The country study ends with an analysis of current discussions and opens perspectives for further development. A diagram illustrating the structural scheme of the Norwegian educational system is part of this article. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).