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This paper examines the effect of the polytechnic reform on geographical mobility. A polytechnic, higher education reform took place in Finland in the 1990s. It gradually transformed former vocational colleges into polytechnics and also brought higher education to regions that did not have a university before. This expansion of higher education provides exogenous variation in the regional supply of higher education. The reform raised the mobility of high school graduates across local labour markets in the years after they had completed their secondary studies, which indicated increased mobility between high school and post-secondary education. We estimate that the reform enhanced the annual migration rate of high school graduates by 1.2 percentage points over a 3-year follow-up period. This represents a substantial increase, because their baseline migration rate is 3.7 %. The effect fades several years after the completion of secondary studies.

The key to the evaluation of polytechnics lies in their capacity to create a new understanding of the opportunities in the rural areas for their students, and their ability to build upon this by providing sufficient training to exploit such opportunities, rather than the ability merely to provide skill training for wage employment as it is currently recognised

SOCIALISM HAS ALWAYS INVOKED SOME VISION OF COMMUNITY AND USUALLY FROWNED ON UNRESTAINED INDIVIDUALISM. THE IDEAL HAS BEEN SOLIDARITY RATHER THAN DIVISION, WORKING TOGETHER RATHER THAN ALONE, COLLECTIVE RATHER THAN INDIVIDUAL ACTION. PARTLY THIS IS NO MORE THAN EFFICIENCY: TO CHANGE THE WORLD THEY NEED THE WEIGHT OF NUMBERS; TO END POVERTY THEY NEED THE POWER OF SOCIALIZED PRODUCTION. BUT FOR MOST OF THEM THERE IS A POSITIVE AS WELL AS A PRAGMATIC SIDE. THE "SOCIAL" IN SOCIALISM HAS ALWAYS HAD AT LEAST TWO SENSES. SOCIALISTS BELIEVE IN COORDINATION, ARGUING THAT CONSCIOUS PLANNING WILL SERVE BETTER THAN UNREGULATED COMPETITION. BUT THEY ALSO VALUE THE VERY PROCESS OF WORKING TOGETHER, TENDING TO THE VIEW THAT THIS IS A GOOD IN ITSELF.

The Financial Services Act has been variously criticised for obstructing competition and increasing operating costs for the producers of financial services in Britain. Robert R. Davis, Commissioner at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission in Washington DC, argues that there are 'public‐goods' considerations to justify the imposition of the Act, and that its internal guarantees will check the growth of regulation. Len Ross, Principal Lecturer in Economics at the Polytechnic of Central London, maintains his earlier charge that the Act will do immense damage to British trade in financial services.

The consequential failures of breakeven in respect to business expectations in Northern Nigeria drive around the competent knowledge acquired by entrepreneurs. This knowledge can be translated into identifiable opportunities with lucrative business openings. As such impacting knowledge on Entrepreneurship Education to yield employment opportunities through the entrepreneurship development was the bases of this Research work. Survey Method was designed and used with Multistage sampling procedure. The responses were categorized into four Stages. (9) local governments were randomly selected from three (3) senatorial zones in Stage One. In the second stage, fifty (50) Ramat Polytechnics graduates engaged in Entrepreneurship businesses in the areas of Technical, Vocational, Businesses etc. courses were purposively selected from 27 local governments of the state. Descriptive statistic and five point likert scale were used to analyze the data. The result shows that; there were several types of entrepreneurs that are products of Polytechnic Education fastened in economic growth with employment opportunities created through the entrepreneurship development through expanding of businesses and poverty reduction. It was recommended that Entrepreneurship development should become part and parcel of tertiary Institutions' curriculum so that youngsters will acquire the necessary skills from the onset.

The legal status of polytechnic has been fundamentally changed from time to time. After the Law of National Education System Number 20/2003 and the Law of Higher Education Number 12/2012 came into effect, the polytechnic has been granted a new legal status that offers more diverse programs at various levels. Since then, polytechnic could conduct vocational diploma programs and degree programs in applied sciences from graduate to postgraduate. This legal status raises legal problems whether polytechnic is a higher education institution in vocational or applied sciences. Best education practices in some countries classify applied sciences higher education as academic education, not vocational education. This doctrinal research paper then will examine this legal problem using statute, historical and comparative approach, in the light of the Development Legal Theory. This study shows that the legal status of polytechnic is heavily dependent on government policy. In the absence of a clear and firm ground policy of vocational education, the legal status of the polytechnic has been interpreted differently from time to time. The government ought to reset the vocational education policy and then reform the law of the national education system. Therefore, the legal status of the polytechnic will be more sustainable and have better legal certainty accordingly. Regarding the recent development of higher education, it will be better if the government constitutes polytechnic as a higher education institution in applied sciences.

The study explored the various causes of conflicts in organizations. The objectives of the study was to find out the nature, types and factors that lead to staff related conflicts in organizations especially tertiary educational institutions. To achieve the objectives, researchers employed the case study approach using Takoradi Polytechnic as the case study. It also involved the use of interview and questionnaire as the data collection instruments for the study. Researchers used the purposive and simple random sampling techniques to select the respondents. A sample size of 276 out of 736 of the population was selected for the study. This constitutes (36%) of the population. The sample was made up of 109 junior staff, 96 senior staff and 71 senior members. These three groups of staff from different departments were randomly and purposively invited to participate in the study. The study would be of immense benefit to management of institutions especially educational institutions since it would inform them of possible conflict that could arise. It would also inform policy formulation and staff training and development programs. It was discovered after the study that there were various conflicts in the organization which could be grouped into intra-personal, interpersonal and inter-group conflicts. These were as a result of the competing for limited resources, power struggle, differences in behavior among others. It recommends the education of staff through workshops and seminars on the differences that leads to conflicts, provision of resources and infrastructure that could mitigate the competition of resources among others.