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Die vorliegende Studie argumentiert, dass ein Großteil von Konflikten in Unterbringungen für Geflüchtete auf strukturelle Ursachen zurückzuführen ist. Hierzu zählen die Funktionsweise des Asylregimes, die Wechselwirkung der physischen Struktur und sozialer Beziehungen im Raum von Unterkünften sowie die bestimmte Form des Unterbringungssystems für Geflüchtete, das als sogenannte totale Institution verstanden werden kann. Andere Konflikt ursachen sind wiederum auf der persönlichen Ebene verankert. Auf der Grundlage einer qualitativen Befragung, die in 33 Unterkünften auf Landes- und Kommunalebene in NRW mit Beteiligung von über 200 Personen durchgeführt wurde, werden hier fünf Typen von Konflikten analysiert: Konflikte auf der individuellen Ebene, Gruppenkonflikte, aggressives Verhalten und Kriminalität, häusliche und sexuelle Gewalt, sowie Konflikte mit Mitarbeitern und zwischen Institutionen. Es bestätigt sich die Hypothese, dass berichtete Konfliktfälle keine Ansammlung von Einzelfällen darstellen, sondern in der Regel auf miteinander verknüpfte Grundursachen zurückzuführen sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass diese Prozesse häufig unbewusst verlaufen. Im Ergebnis empfehlen wir daher einen holistischen Konfliktpräventionsansatz, der sowohl strukturelle als auch persönliche Konfliktursachen berücksichtigt und so zu einer verbesserten Unterbringungssituation für Geflüchtete und Mitarbeiter beiträgt.

How do refugees and migrants in Germany deal with conflicts in their daily lives? And how do they do so in their country of origin by engaging in peace processes? This Knowledge Note provides key insights into our BICC conference on "Refugees and migrants between everyday conflict and peace processes", held on 5 December 2019 in Bonn, Germany. During this conference, about 50 policymakers, academics, NGO specialists and engaged individuals sought answers to these questions throughout six breakout groups during the conference day. In sum, we drew the conclusions that:Seemingly clear 'categories' such as "refugees", "migrants", or "diaspora" disguise the complex realities of everyday lives of persons who have moved to Germany from abroad. Conflicts that occur between and within diaspora groups in the countries of residence are not merely a reproduction of conflicts that prevail in the country of origin. Persons with a refugee or migrant background are often forced into a transnational life with little opportunity to engage in politics in their country of origin or residence. There is no standardised approach of how to include exiles in Track 1 peace negotiations. Countries of residence need to create opportunities for political participation and civic education created by migrants and refugees themselves. By summarising each breakout group and plenary discussions of our conference day, this Knowledge Note explains the reasons as to why these findings emerged as crucial. In addition, you find recommendations for German and international policy as well as further research in the section 'Major findings'.

This working paper presents the findings of the empirical research on the role of connectivity and mobility for displaced people in Germany in the framework of the TRAFIG project. The findings are based on qualitative fieldwork in Germany, with 73 qualitative interviews with displaced people and experts in the field. This paper uses a figurational perspective; figurations are characterised as dynamic social constellations which emerge in the context of displacement between displaced people and state and other actors at the local, translocal and transnational scale. This working paper discusses the figurations of displacement in which refugees in Germany are embedded. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of family figurations in displacement, among them the "figuration of a transnationally separated family", "figuration of the jointly displaced family", or the "figuration of the transnationally extended family". Family figurations are deeply intertwined with local and transnational bureaucratic figurations, which structure the experiences of refugees. Bureaucratic figurations evolve with respect to German authorities, those of the countries of origin and other local actors. Despite the significance of family figurations, connectivity is not restricted to it. Refugees are also connected within non-kin figurations, such as within an "ethnic network-based" or "volunteer-refugee" figuration. The analytical category of figurations provides valuable insights into how displaced people embedded in certain social constellations can best be supported. It shows that transnational life is a reality for displaced persons and an integral part of their everyday lives. As the German case demonstrates, displaced people use mobility and connectivity as a way out of protracted displacement.

Across the world, 16 million refugees and an unknown number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) experience long-lasting conditions of economic precarity, marginalisation, rightlessness and future uncertainty. They live under conditions of protracted displacement. Policy solutions often fail to recognise displaced people's needs and limit rather than widen the range of available solutions. This report brings together the central findings of the TRAFIG project's empirical study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Tanzania, Jordan, Pakistan, Greece, Italy and Germany. We engaged with more than 3,120 people in our three-year project. Our analysis centres around five factors that shape conditions of protracted displacement: 1) governance regimes of aid and asylum, 2) social practices and livelihoods, 3) networks and movements, 4) intergroup relations between displaced people and hosts, and 5) development incentives and economic interactions. We present multiple findings on each of these themes. Moreover, this report addresses gender and classbased differences and mental health related challenges in constellations of protracted displacement as well as political dynamics that impact on people's own responses to protracted displacement. Overall, our research shows that refugees, IDPs and other migrants by and large find protection, shelter, livelihood support, a sense of belonging and opportunities to migrate elsewhere through their personal networks. These networks often stretch across several places or even extend across multiple countries. While they are not a panacea for all challenges, people's own connections are an essential resource for sustainable and long-term solutions to their precarious situation. They must not be ignored in policy responses to protracted displacement. Understanding the needs and the local, translocal and transnational ties of displaced people is the foundation for finding solutions that last.