John Locke's treatises on government make frequent reference to the Hebrew Bible, while references to the New Testament are almost completely absent. To date, scholarship has not addressed this surprising characteristic of the treatises. In this book, Yechiel Leiter offers a Hebraic reading of Locke's fundamental political text. In doing so, he formulates a new school of thought in Lockean political interpretation and challenges existing ones. He shows how a grasp of the Hebraic underpinnings of Locke's political theory resolves many of the problems, as well as scholarly debates, that are inherent in reading Locke. More than a book about the political theory of John Locke, this volume is about the foundational ideas of western civilization. While focused on Locke's Hebraism, it demonstrates the persistent relevance of the biblical political narrative to modernity. It will generate interest among students of Locke and political theory; philosophy and early modern history; and within Bible study communities.
At the beginning, Israelites expected much from the newly installed royal power and tried to justify it theologically by a royal messianic ideology. However, the behaviour of rulers led to disappointment and criticism. Living under their own rulers biblical authors formulated principles of good government and occasionally criticized evil kings. Later, under a foreign rule, they asked whether to submit to it or to fight it; both answer can be found in the biblical books, depending on the attitudes of the foreigners to the Jewish religion. The New Testament respect the state, and affirms the duties of the subjects, including paying taxes. However, if the state opposes to God, it has to be condemned (Revelation of John). ; Za i przeciw. Biblia o państwieZ początku Izraelici wiele oczekiwali od nowo wprowadzonej władzy królewskiej i próbowali ją uzasadnić teologicznie poprzez królewską ideologię mesjańską. Postępowanie królów doprowadziło jednak do rozczarowania i krytyki. Żyjąc pod rządami rodzimymi autorzy biblijni formułowali zasady dobrych rządów, a czasem krytykowali występnych królów. Potem, pod rządami obcymi, pytali czy się im podporządkować, czy też walczyć z nimi; w księgach biblijnych można znaleźć obie odpowiedzi, zależnie od postawy obcych wobec religii żydowskiej. Nowy Testament respektuje państwo i potwierdza obowiązki poddanych, w tym płacenie podatków. Jeśli jednak władza państwowa sprzeciwia się Bogu, musi być potępiona (jak w Apokalipsie św. Jana).
Za i przeciw. Biblia o państwieZ początku Izraelici wiele oczekiwali od nowo wprowadzonej władzy królewskiej i próbowali ją uzasadnić teologicznie poprzez królewską ideologię mesjańską. Postępowanie królów doprowadziło jednak do rozczarowania i krytyki. Żyjąc pod rządami rodzimymi autorzy biblijni formułowali zasady dobrych rządów, a czasem krytykowali występnych królów. Potem, pod rządami obcymi, pytali czy się im podporządkować, czy też walczyć z nimi; w księgach biblijnych można znaleźć obie odpowiedzi, zależnie od postawy obcych wobec religii żydowskiej. Nowy Testament respektuje państwo i potwierdza obowiązki poddanych, w tym płacenie podatków. Jeśli jednak władza państwowa sprzeciwia się Bogu, musi być potępiona (jak w Apokalipsie św. Jana). ; At the beginning, Israelites expected much from the newly installed royal power and tried to justify it theologically by a royal messianic ideology. However, the behaviour of rulers led to disappointment and criticism. Living under their own rulers biblical authors formulated principles of good government and occasionally criticized evil kings. Later, under a foreign rule, they asked whether to submit to it or to fight it; both answer can be found in the biblical books, depending on the attitudes of the foreigners to the Jewish religion. The New Testament respect the state, and affirms the duties of the subjects, including paying taxes. However, if the state opposes to God, it has to be condemned (Revelation of John).
The biblical claim of the divine promise of land is integrally linked with a divine mandate to exterminate the indigenous people. The narrative has supported virtually all Western colonizing enterprises (e.g. in Latin America, South Africa, Palestine), resulting in the suffering of millions of people, and loss of respect for the Bible. According to modern secular standards of human and political rights, what the biblical narrative calls for are war-crimes and crimes against humanity. In this provocative and compelling study, Prior protests at the neglect of the moral question in conventional b
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À partir du XVIe siècle ; toute une série de thèmes empruntés à l'Écriture Sainte passent d'une philosophie à l'autre. Il peut s'agir de la Providence ; de l'existence de Dieu ; de l'État des Hébreux comme modèle politique ; ou encore de la tolérance et de la liberté de conscience. La philosophie a donc à nous dire sur la Bible quelque chose d'irréductible à la théologie et à l'érudition philologique. Parmi les philosophes de l'époque moderne qui se sont intéressés à la Bible ou aux personnages bibliques, nous avons choisi ceux qui sont susceptibles de représenter un certain nombre de positions clés : l'apologétique, l'interprétation rationaliste et ses différentes variantes, la lecture morale et l'usage politique enfin. Cette sélection permet à la fois de lire ces philosophes classiques sous un angle peu abordé par l'histoire de la philosophie et de considérer sous un jour nouveau le rapport entre rationalisme et sécularisation.
L'histoire de la philosophie ne procède pas seulement par notions. Un certain nombre de personnages y jouent un rôle clé. Il s'agit aussi bien de modèles issus de la Bible ou de l'histoire ; que de savants ; philosophes et théologiens qui sont intervenus pour déchiffrer le sens de leurs actions. Les personnages bibliques ont parfois laissé des écrits, ou du moins des écrits leur sont attribués dans l'Ecriture sainte. Ils seront donc objet d'exégèse et, quand ils n'ont pas écrit, ce sont leurs actions qui seront scrutées pour y chercher des modèles à suivre ou au contraire l'exposition de vices ou de péchés dont les lecteurs devraient se garder. Les personnages de la mythologie gréco-romaine ou de l'histoire peuvent incarner eux aussi vertus ou vices, ou bien des capacités particulières dont le commentateur interprétera la signification. Enfin, les érudits et les exégètes des textes sacrés se confrontent aux difficultés de ceux-ci, à leur obscurité, à leurs contradictions parfois : tout un univers de discours se déploie autour de la Bible, à l'origine d'instruments pour la rendre plus claire ou d'arguments à en tirer pour lui faire soutenir la validité d'une revendication politique ou d'une règle de conduite personnelle.
The philosopher V.S. Bibler, relying on Khlebnikov, elaborated on the duality of verbal semantics: indication of formal action and performative production of action. The poetic etymology helped to distinguish the unchanging core of the indication of the properties of the thing and the changeable elements of performativity. But such a specific understanding of the social performativity of the verb was developed not so much by Khlebnikov as by Nikolai Aseev in his doctrine of the change of names, which gives examples that coincide with those of Bibler. Bibler places Aseev and other futurists in the shadow of Pasternak because of the extension of the doctrine of double action to the history of thought, making a number of hypotheses about the specifics of the development of twentieth-century Russian thought. We may speak of the poetic history of thought as an invention of Biebler. Bibler's idea is prolific for philological analysis because it permits us, along with the syntagmaticity of the utterance, to single out the paradigmaticity of performative techniques, which facilitates a consistent analysis of both the Russian avant-garde poetry and the later poetry.
No issue is more divisive or more pressing for the church today than homosexuality. Two Views on Homosexuality, the Bible, and the Church brings a fresh perspective to a well-worn debate. While Christian debates about homosexuality are most often dominated by biblical exegesis, this book seeks to give much-needed attention to the rich history of received Christian tradition, bringing the Bible into conversation with historical and systematic theology. To that end, both theologians and biblical scholars—well accomplished in their fields and conversant in issues of sexuality and gender—articulate and defend each of the two views:Affirming viewWilliam LoaderMegan K. DeFranza Traditional viewWesley HillStephen R. HolmesUnique among most debates on homosexuality, this book presents a constructive dialogue between people who disagree on significant ethical and theological matters, and yet maintain a respectful and humanizing posture toward one another. Even as these scholars articulate pointed arguments for their position with academic rigor and depth, they do so cordially, clearly, and compassionately, without demeaning the other.The main essays are followed by exceptionally insightful responses and rejoinders that interact with their fellow essayists with convicted civility. Holding to a high view of Scripture, a commitment to the gospel and the church, and a love for people—especially those most affected by this topic—the contributors wrestle deeply with the Bible and theology, especially the prohibition texts, the role of procreation, gender complementarity, and pastoral accommodation.The book concludes with general editor Preston Sprinkle's reflections on the future of discussions on faith and sexuality.
Paul Claudel is a French writer of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, known in Russia for his poetic works of the early period and dramaturgy. His short prose and poetic commentaries on theBible are practically unknown in the Russian-speaking scientific field. Most of his prose heritage consists of translations and commentaries on biblical books, including the apex text Paul Claudel inquires the Song of Songs(Paul Claudel interroge le Cantique des Cantiques). The purpose of this article is to introduce into sci-entific circulation the topic 'Claudel as a prose writer, author of literary commentaries on the Bible'. It is this part of Claudel's heritage that needs to be studied so that it would become possible to understand and assess the place of Claudel in the world culture of the 20thcentury. First of all, the paper deals with the method of Claudel's work with the Bible (daily reading, reference to the works of the Church Fathers and concordan-ces), which forms the poetological foundations of the style. These books shape a creative laboratory from which a method of literary commentary on biblical texts grows. This is how Claudel's biblical style is born. It can be defined as an attitude to the Scripture not as to a series of messages, but as to images. The preserva-tion of the centuries-old tradition of the Church in the interpretation of the Word leads the writer to a poetic commentary, a 'Claudelian novel' with the biblical characters and plot. Claudel makes the drama of the Holy Scripture the center of the reader's interest, uniting the sacred and the profane, ennobling hypocrisy, direct-ing mimesis to biblical reality, the existence of which Claudel does not doubt. The writer emphasized that his works were exclusively literary. The understanding of the Claudel's text as literary is deepened not only by the text itself, but by the reader's experience and readiness to perceive it. Thus, Claudel turns out to be the creator of a new dialogical novel word.
On account of xenophobia, which seems to be a worldwide phenomenon, this article examines the issue of the 'foreigner in our midst' and approaches the problem from an Old Testament perspective. Firstly an overview is given on the concepts of ethnicity and group identity, and then two opposing groups of texts are briefly analysed: those that convey an exclusivist attitude and those that are more open and inclusive in their outlook. Consequently, the contexts in which these texts originated are examined. It appears that both groups, the exclusivists and the inclusivists, share the same religious convictions, namely the worship of YHWH, the God of Israel. The article concludes by urging caution when using the Bible in order to address complex social and political issues in contemporary societies. ; This research is part of the project 'The Book of Ruth and Contemporary Issues', directed by Dr Gerda de Villiers, Department of Old Testament Studies, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria. ; http://www.hts.org.za ; am2020 ; Old Testament Studies
This volume is part of a series which provides a fundamental resource for feminist biblical scholarship, containing a comprehensive selection of essays, both reprinted and specially written for the series, by leading feminist scholars. The contributors to this volume are Lyn Bechtel, Mark Bredin, Athalya Brenner, Edna Brocke, Carole Fontaine, Lillian Klein, Amy-Jill Levine, Judith Lieu, Heather McKay, Adele Reinhartz, Jane Schaberg, Marla Selvidge, Leonore Siegele-Wenschkewitz, Beverly Stratton, Arie Troost, Pieter van der Horst, and Bea Wyler
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Der Aufsatz behandelt die Kopie einer Holzschnitt-Bilderbibel aus Venedig (Anf. 16. Jh.), die von dem jüdischen Maler/Drucker Moses dal Castellazzo hergestellt wurde. Anhand einer Untersuchung des frühen hebräischen Buchdrucks wird gezeigt, wie Moses sein Projekt konzepierte, so dass es an ein breites Publikum verkauft werden konnte.
International audience ; Croisade ou inquisition, pogrom ou dévastation, la guerre est la contradiction permanente d'un message biblique, qui ne connaissait que le bonheur rural à son début, et l'apothéose à sa fin, de la Genèse à l'Apocalypse. Mais la Bible a de nombreux textes, chacun écrit dans sa perspective historique. Les personnages eux-mêmes sont composites. David, berger pacifique, a été aussi un guérillero malin. La guerre appartient aussi à une certaine nature des choses, et du moins elle est inhérente aux formes politiques. Chaque nation veut ses frontières et ses armées, et dans tous les programmes, la guerre est une répétition, presque rangée parmi les catastrophes naturelles. Le mystique ignore la guerre, mais il est rare. La relecture des textes bibliques ou analogues, dans ce colloque, est aussi une relecture des histoires et des mentalités. Sur le portail de Saint-Gilles, le sculpteur a donné à Michel, l'ange guerrier, un visage de paix souriante : la non-violence domine la force brute et Michel ne se bat pas contre des humains mais contre les démons.
International audience ; Croisade ou inquisition, pogrom ou dévastation, la guerre est la contradiction permanente d'un message biblique, qui ne connaissait que le bonheur rural à son début, et l'apothéose à sa fin, de la Genèse à l'Apocalypse. Mais la Bible a de nombreux textes, chacun écrit dans sa perspective historique. Les personnages eux-mêmes sont composites. David, berger pacifique, a été aussi un guérillero malin. La guerre appartient aussi à une certaine nature des choses, et du moins elle est inhérente aux formes politiques. Chaque nation veut ses frontières et ses armées, et dans tous les programmes, la guerre est une répétition, presque rangée parmi les catastrophes naturelles. Le mystique ignore la guerre, mais il est rare. La relecture des textes bibliques ou analogues, dans ce colloque, est aussi une relecture des histoires et des mentalités. Sur le portail de Saint-Gilles, le sculpteur a donné à Michel, l'ange guerrier, un visage de paix souriante : la non-violence domine la force brute et Michel ne se bat pas contre des humains mais contre les démons.
