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For decades theorizing about party competition in two‐party and multiparty democracies has proceeded along separate tracks. The former has assumed an idealized world in which one party wins full control of a system's governing institutions in a first‐past‐the‐post election, while the latter posits a world in which elections conducted under a system of proportional representation split control of the parliament among the parties. The contemporary American experience with divided government suggests that the two lines of theorizing greatly exaggerate the differences between two‐party and multi‐party systems. Where a two‐party system has a separation of powers based on independent elections, coalition governments involving shared control of the separate institutions may result. Under such conditions rational voting may be just as demanding in two‐party systems as in multi‐party systems, and the policy outputs of two‐party systems may be no more coherent than the outputs of multi‐party systems, contrary to traditional arguments.

We examine how Green governments influence macroeconomic, education, and environmental outcomes. Our empirical strategy exploits that the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan gave rise to an unanticipated change in government in the German state Baden-Wuerttemberg in 2011. The incumbent rightwing government was replaced by a leftwing government led by the Green party. We use the synthetic control method to select control states against which Baden-Wuerttemberg's outcomes can be compared. The results do not suggest that the Green government influenced macroeconomic outcomes. The Green government implemented education policies that caused comprehensive schools to become larger. We find no evidence that the Green government influenced CO2 emissions, particulate matter emissions, or increased energy usage from renewable energies overall. An intriguing result is that the share of wind power usage decreased relative to the estimated counterfactual. Intra-ecological conflicts and realities in public office are likely to have prevented the Green government from implementing drastic policy changes.

Latest issue consulted: 12th (Mar. 31, 1957). ; Title from cover. ; Issued in 2 pts.: pt. 1, Social sciences (excluding agricultural economics); pt. 2, Agricultural economics. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Has companion publication: Report, government sponsored research projects in psychology and related areas.

The establishment of e-government has been an important policy goal within contemporary Singapore government. Recognizing the gains to be made by harnessing ICTs to strengthen and streamline the business of governance, Singapore has successfully developed its e-government sector across three strategic plans focusing on developing a world class e-government experience that will delight customers and connect citizens. This paper reviews the development of e-government in Singapore focusing on the outcomes of e-government strategic plans and discussing issues and outcomes associated with developing a fully mature e-government position. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580

Indonesia passed an e-government law in 2018, ushering the country's society into the information age across a range of sectors, including social, economic, communication, transportation, literacy, and public services. This transformation has benefited enormously from the facilitation of information technology in terms of productivity, comfort, compassion, and time elapsed. Local governments in Indonesia, on the other hand, are slowing the adoption of e-government, which has progressed to the second stage of implementation, which is the introduction or integration of cross-sectoral systems. This article claims that local governments face challenges in this second stage as a result of departmental egos that make it difficult to unite around shared objectives. The whole government approach is suggested in this paper as a concrete policy strategy for eradicating sectoral egos within local government departments. It places a premium on collaboration in order to accomplish the government's vision and objectives.

Explaining local government, available at last in paperback, uniquely presents a history of local government in Britain from 1800 until the present day. The study explains how the institution evolved from a structure that appeared to be relatively free from central government interference to, as John Prescott observes, 'one of the most centralised systems of government in the Western world'.The book is accessible to A level and undergraduate students as an introduction to the development of local government in Britain but also balances values and political practice to provide a unique explanation, using primary research, of the evolution of the system.

En l'última dècada, les administracions públiques han fet un esforç especial per desenvolupar portals d'administració i oferir serveis en línia. L'objectiu d'aquest article és crear un marc teòric i analític per a investigar els efectes dels nous canals d'interacció basats en la tecnologia entre els governs i els ciutadans en l'estructura organitzativa i les dinàmiques de les administracions públiques i, finalment, en el lliurament de serveis. També assenyala possibles enfocaments metodològics que podrien resultar útils en la recerca futura sobre aquest tema. ; En la última década, las administraciones públicas han hecho un esfuerzo especial para desarrollar portales de administración y ofrecer servicios en línea. El objetivo de este artículo es la creación de un marco teórico y analítico para investigar los efectos de los canales de interacción basados en la tecnología entre los gobiernos y los ciudadanos en la estructura organizativa y las dinámicas de las administraciones públicas y, finalmente, en la entrega de servicios. También señala posibles enfoques metodológicos que podrían ser útiles en la investigación futura sobre esta cuestión. ; During the last decade public administrations have placed special effort into developing government portals and offering online services. The aim of this paper is to set up a theoretical and analytical framework to investigate the effects of the new technological-based channels of interaction between governments and citizens on the organisational structure and dynamics of public administrations and ultimately on service delivery. It also points towards possible methodological approaches that might prove useful in future research on the subject.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction: The Place of Open Government in America -- Privacy Rights Often Must Trump the Free Flow of Information -- Freedom of Information Is a Paramount Value Serving a Powerful Public Interest -- Public Information Concerns Must Give Way to Security in a Post-9/11 World -- The Government Must Not Lose Its Democratic Nature in the Face of Terrorist Threats -- The Military's Interest in National Security Trumps the Press's First Amendment Rights -- The Press and Public Deserve Information About Military Matters -- Cameras Distort Trial Proceedings and Should Be Prohibited -- Cameras in the Courtroom Enhance Public Knowledge of and Give Greater Credibility to Our Judicial System -- Conclusion: The Future of Open Government -- Notes -- Resources -- Elements of the Argument -- Appendix -- Index -- Picture Credits -- Contributors.

Findings from the multinational Beliefs in Government Study, which comprised exhaustive analysis of survey data on mass beliefs & attitudes in the West, indicate, in spite of considerable socioeconomic change in recent decades, political stability, continuity, & adaptability in Western Europe. It is suggested that political scientists should pay more attention to pressures for inertia & continuity in Western democracies. 5 References. Adapted from the source document.