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Survival, the IISS's bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:Dalia Dassa Kaye and Shira Efron argue that only a major shift in US policy towards Iran would rekindle debate in Israel about its approach to the Islamic RepublicJordan Calinoff and David Gordon contend that the accusation of debt-trap diplomacy' against China lacks convincing evidenceErik Jones examines the impact of COVID-19 on the EU economyMichael J. Mazarr calls for a new international norm to safeguard the virtual territorial integrity of states from subversive cyber attacksAnd ten more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular book reviews and Noteworthy column

Survival, the IISS's bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:Adam Roberts explores pandemics and politics through the ages, arguing that trust in leadership is essential in the struggle against infectious diseasesRebecca Barber and Sarah Teitt contend that ASEAN should take a more activist approach to the Rohingya crisis to salvage its credibilityGreg Austin assesses the strategic implications of China's weak cyber defencesystein Tunsj casts doubt on the prospect of the Arctic becoming a theatre of great-power conflictAnd eight more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular book reviews and Noteworthy column.

Résumé Dans cet article, l'auteur donne une vision de l'Europe 2020 et des possibilités de son impact bénéfique dans le contexte politique et économique actuel. En remplaçant la stratégie de Lisbonne qui a échoué, l'Europe 2020 – programmes nationaux de réforme, initiatives phares, marché unique – se conçoit comme une méthode et un programme globaux pour l'Union européenne de la prochaine décennie, renforçant les liens entre les États membres et l'Union, et approfondissant ainsi l'intégration. Dans le cadre de l'Europe 2020, de saines politiques fiscales et financières doivent être mises en corrélation avec une nécessaire stratégie de croissance, dans laquelle les domaines qui sont soumis à la méthode communautaire et ceux réservés aux États membres seraient coordonnés de manière efficace. Le rôle de la Commission devrait être renforcé. La gouvernance est donc une question centrale. Dans une perspective politique, la stratégie Europe 2020 peut être considérée comme une ouverture vers un gouvernement économique. Sous les strictes conditions de sa réalisation selon les décisions du Conseil en 2010, l'Europe 2020 peut favoriser de façon décisive la solidité de l'économie et un environnement plus stable orienté vers l'avenir. Les acteurs non gouvernementaux comme les entreprises, les organisations et la société civile devraient être considérés comme acteurs engagés dans ce processus.

The article is devoted to the problems connected with the EU enlargement to the Western Balkans. The author pays special attention to the factors explaining recent increased attention of the EU to finding solution to the enlargement .The article contains analyses of «the frozen conflicts» in the region which continue to influence the regional stability and make the task of accelerating the EU's enlargement to the Western Balkans as a priority one in the context of the EU's strategic autonomy. New EU's initiatives aimed at arranging strategic debates on EU enlargement to the Western Balkans have been described. The article contains analyses of the so-called frozen conflicts in the Western Balkans which continue to exert influence on regional stability and on the process of association of the Western Balkans with the EU. The important role of the EUthe Western Balkans' summits in elaboration of common approaches of the EU's member-states to the problem of enlargement has been noted. The article defines a possible perspective of the EU's enlargement towards the Western Balkans. The author considers that the EU's enlargement towards the Western Balkans is becoming an important task for the EU in the context of realization of its strategic autonomy and projection of its influence on the given region.

24 cm ; In this article, a map published and popularized in Moscow at the end of 1914 is presented and analyzed from a cartographic and factual perspective. Drawn up on the initiative of the highest Russian authorities, the map presents the post-World War One political system in Europe as envisaged by the author. He believed that, in the aftermath of a victorious war for Russia, the significant shifts of political boundaries in Europe which are shown on the map would take place. The cartographic document in question thus constitutes interesting historic evidence attesting to the expansionist ambitions of the Russian Empire of that time. ; 24 cm ; In this article, a map published and popularized in Moscow at the end of 1914 is presented and analyzed from a cartographic and factual perspective. Drawn up on the initiative of the highest Russian authorities, the map presents the post-World War One political system in Europe as envisaged by the author. He believed that, in the aftermath of a victorious war for Russia, the significant shifts of political boundaries in Europe which are shown on the map would take place. The cartographic document in question thus constitutes interesting historic evidence attesting to the expansionist ambitions of the Russian Empire of that time.

The socio-economic importance of forests is high, but often underestimated. Forests contribute to rural development and provide around three million jobs. Wood is still the main source of financial revenue from forests. So the strategy also looks at the EU forest-based industries, subject to EU industrial policy. Wood is also considered an important source of raw material for emerging bio-based industries. Forest biomass is currently the most important source of renewable energy and now accounts for around half of the EU's total renewable energy consumption. The strategy 2015-2020 and the implementation should build on existing legislation and international initiatives and consider the special situation of small forest owners, and address market-based private-sector tools such as certification. To deliver on common objectives and improve coherence and synergies, coordination with and between Member States is important. Member States are asked to consider the principles and goals of this strategy when setting up and implementing their action plans and national forest programmes.