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The first globalisation coincided with the establishment of the nation as a legitimate basis for political sovereignty. Globalisation and the expansion of the nation state are the result of the same ideological, technological and economic developments. The nation is a new universalism, resulting in the formation of distinct but relatively equivalent political and cultural units. The formation of nation states takes place within a strictly transnational framework and quickly opens up the issue of international affairs. The term refers not only to the organisation of relations between nation states but also to the union of social groups across national borders. Nineteenth century Europe reinforces its hegemonic position in the first globalisation by establishing itself as the central place of modern universalism, as the place where its political and cultural norms are established, and as the home for their challenge. ; International audience The first globalisation coincided with the consecration of the nation as the legitimate foundation for political sovereignty. Globalisation and the expansion of the Nation-State in fact emerge out of the same ideological, technological and economic developments. The nation is a new form of universalism, which translates into the formation of distinct but relatively similar cultural and political units. The formation of Nation-States took place against a transnational background, but rapidly raised the issue of its international dimension. This involves the organisation of relations between Nation-States, but also the unity of social categories beyond national frontiers. 19th century Europe comforted its hegemonic position in the first globalisation by instituting itself as the major pole of modern universalism, as the locus for the institutionalisation of its political and cultural norms, and as the heart of any contestation against them. ; The first globalisation coincided with the establishment of the nation as a legitimate basis for political sovereignty. Globalisation and ...

Stand: 1. Januar 1997

1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Docket title: Distillers case. ; Imprint from Wing. ; Reproduction of the original in the Lincoln's Inn Library, London.

The growing interest in migration, citizenship, and nationalism among scientists has led in the last two decades to the formation of an interdisciplinary field of critical passport studies. Initially passport scholars were following the institutionalist approach to nationalism, as well as the theories of disciplinary regime and surveillance society. Thus they were focusing on how this travel document together with the associated institutional infrastructure, administrative and social practices have been used in developing modern nation-states by forging the physical, social and cultural boundaries of the nation and disciplining the citizens. More recently, an increasing number of scholars have been investigating the grassroot forms of the perceptions and practices of passport use. Their studies reveal how passports and passes can help citizens in navigating the attempts of nation-states to "bind" their own populations, as well as in subverting a citizenship regime that looks to involve citizens into national projects and socially exclude non-citizens. The review of critical literature on the passport allows us to conclude that the multidimensional nature of this document enables different social actors to involve it in both nation-building and nation-destruction. In light of this literature we can recognize the weakening of the link between citizenship and nation-state, and the fact that citizenship and civic consciousness are currently being produced by various actors at different societal levels.