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With the independence of the Turkic World after disintegration of USSR in 1991, Turkey found an opportunity to fill the power vacuum in the Central Asian region left by the Soviets. Thus, in the early 1990s, the Turkish foreign policy towards the Central Asian States was hinged on the wishful ideas of Pan-Turkic World. It immediately faced outright resistance from the CARs as they craved to retain their newly found exclusive nationalistic identities. Consequently, later on, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Turkey relinquished their hitherto ambitious foreign policy towards the CAR and reoriented it on more pragmatic lines which allowed her to strengthen its bilateral relations with the CARs. Meanwhile, in light of the geopolitical developments in Ukraine and dramatic slowdown of the Russian economy, Turkey's balancing act in Central Asia was seen as beneficial by Moscow, which could find another partner in helping to stem some of China's swelling influence in the region. Moreover, after the failed military coup attempt in Turkey (July 2016), Russian and Turkish leadership have showed friendly overtures to each other which can strengthen their relations and both these players can play constructive role towards the development of Central Asia region.

A guide to the best tweeters -- users of Twitter -- as far as reliability is concerned in foreign policy and international news reports are concerned is presented. Adapted from the source document.

theme 1. Emerging trends of international scenario -- theme 2. Challenges and prospects of India's foreign policy -- theme 3. India and neighbouring countries -- theme 4. India and major powers -- theme 5. India-global and regional organizations -- theme 6. Globalization, human rights and India's concern

Feminist Perspectives on Canadian Foreign Policy, Claire Turenne
Sjolander, Heather A. Smith and Deborah Steinstra, eds., Toronto: Oxford
University Press, 2003, pp. xiv, 246This timely must-read collection of fourteen essays is a welcomed
addition to a growing body of feminist Canadian foreign policy literature.
It is an accessible collection which challenges traditional Canadian
foreign policy analyses (including feminist ones) by deploying feminist
approaches and presenting feminist foreign policy (re-)formulations. Each
author carefully explains relevant feminist theory or scholarship to link
tightly their theoretical arguments with their case studies.

Climate Change and American Foreign Policy examines the actors, institutions, and ideas shaping U.S. policy on climate change (global warming). The book begins by introducing the issue of climate change in the context of U.S. foreign policy, before critically evaluating U.S. policies and actions. It then analyses the domestic and international politics of U.S. climate change policy, covering such issues as science, the presidency and Congress, nongovermental organizations, diplomacy and the international negotiations leading to the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The book concludes by looking at the role of international norms in shaping U.S. climate change policy

After outlining the Indian parliament's powers with respect to foreign policy, the author discusses the attention paid to foreign affairs by members of parliament (MPS) and political parties. She also assesses the influence that parliamentary opposition exerts on fragmented regimes in the foreign policy arena. The author also examines the influence of the legislatures on foreign policy in parliamentary and presidential systems with special reference to the USA. (DÜI-Sen)

Examines the role of mass media content and issue salience in the relationship between public opinion and foreign policy in the US and Great Britain; data from commercial polling data and the American National Election Study.

AbstractIt is a curious reality that despite being the second largest economic power, Japan has not cast a large shadow on issues of international politics. Instead, the Japanese government has been largely content to remain on the sidelines and play a reactive role. This broad depiction of Japanese foreign policy however obscures recent attempts by the Japanese government to pursue its own agenda on the international stage. This paper looks at Japanese dealings within the International Whaling Commission and in the field of regional finance to highlight a more activist foreign policy posture. In the end the picture that emerges is of a Japan that is prepared to vigorously articulate and defend a position that is of somewhat 'marginal' interest to its key international allies but unprepared to venture out on other critical issue areas.

Examines relationship between mass media, public opinion, and foreign policy; US. The "flow of influence" and direct and indirect relationships.

Conventional wisdom holds that women are more peace-loving or more pacific than men. Most of our knowledge about the gender gap in foreign policy attitudes originates from the United States, but it cannot be taken for granted that these results can be generalized to other countries. This article examines gender differences in foreign policy attitudes in Denmark; it discusses the systemic factors behind such gender differences as well as the systemic factors that cause foreign policy attitudes to influence elections. By the 1980s a clear gender gap in foreign policy attitudes had developed in Denmark. Several explanations for this gender gap are examined in the article: the theory about women's greater distance to foreign policy, the theory about specific women's values, and the theory about the political and feminist radicalization of women. The article concludes that Denmark's gender gap in foreign policy attitudes in Denmark in the late 1980s was due primarily to a general left-wing mobilization of women. Paradoxically, however, this development also seems linked to a revitalization of traditional women's values. The discussion of the systemic causes of the gender gap and of its election impact centers around three factors: the salience of foreign policy, the political mobilization of women, and the available political alternatives in a given election.

Although it is natural to consider the development of the comparative approach known as Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) as the most obvious source of theories of foreign policy behaviour, it is important to remember that all perspectives on the subject of international relations contain statements about foreign policy. Historically this has been the case because virtually all approaches to the study of international relations took the state to be the central actor. Thus, approaches as diverse as those concentrating on political economy, international society and Marxism have all included a notion of what the state is and how its foreign policy results, regardless of the way in which policy might be defined. Theories of foreign policy are therefore intrinsic to theories of international relations, even for those who deny the centrality of the state as an actor in international society.